浒苔多糖纺丝性能的探索性研究

在对浒苔多糖溶液的流变性质以及对浒苔多糖膜的外观形态、力学拉伸性能和亲水疏水性等方面研究的基础上,采用注射器喷丝,对浒苔多糖的成纤性做了探索,结果表明,热水法提取的浒苔多糖可以用BaCl2做凝固浴经湿法纺丝制得浒苔纤维。     

琼胶/SiO2复合纤维的制备及性能研究

利用湿法纺丝技术制备了琼胶/SiO₂复合纤维,对琼胶分子在溶液中的分散性、纺丝液流变性、纤维的形貌、化学结构分别用DLS、旋转黏度计、SEM、FTIR和XRD进行了表征,并对纤维的力学性能、热性能和吸湿性能进行了测定。研究结果表明：琼胶分子在溶液中呈纳米尺度分布,纺丝液具有良好的流动性;琼胶/纳米SiO₂复合纤维具有良好的形态。随着纳米SiO₂的添加量逐渐提高,复合纤维的力学拉伸强度先增强后降低,复合纤维的吸水性降低,复合纤维的热稳定性逐渐增强。结合复合纤维综合性能,纳米SiO₂的最佳添加质量分数为0.5%。     

鱼肉蛋白质纺丝原液的流变性质

利用3种低值鱼类原料:狼牙鳝 (Muraensox cinereus),绿鳍马面纯(Navondon modestua),白鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)制备蛋白质纺丝原液(dope)。鱼肉蛋白质纺丝原液的最佳蛋白质浓度为3.0—5.0%,纺丝原液的流变性质研究结果表明鱼肉蛋白质纺丝原液流变行为符合Casson方程。在纺丝原液中添加1—5%卡拉胶可改进纺丝原液的可纺性。     

鱼肉蛋白质纺丝原液的流变性质

利用3种低值鱼类原料:狼牙鳝 (Muraensox cinereus),绿鳍马面纯(Navondon modestua),白鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)制备蛋白质纺丝原液(dope)。鱼肉蛋白质纺丝原液的最佳蛋白质浓度为3.0—5.0%,纺丝原液的流变性质研究结果表明鱼肉蛋白质纺丝原液流变行为符合Casson方程。在纺丝原液中添加1—5%卡拉胶可改进纺丝原液的可纺性。     

从织锦巴非蛤提取总类胡萝卜素的两种前处理方法效果比较

以织锦巴非蛤(Paphiatextile)为研究对象,分别用湿法与干法(冷冻干燥法)两种前处理方法提取织锦巴非蛤斧足、外套膜、闭壳肌及鳃4种组织的总类胡萝卜素,并比较两种前处理方法的提取效果。结果表明:用两种前处理方法提取各组织中总类胡萝卜素的变异系数均较小,干法的变异系数普遍小于湿法(P0.05)。湿法处理后提取总类胡萝卜素含量从高到低依次为:斧足、鳃、外套膜、闭壳肌,干法处理后提取总类胡萝卜素的排序结果与湿法处理后提取的结果一致,但干法的得率要显著高于湿法(P0.05),建议以后在对贝类中总类胡萝卜素进行提取时,宜选用冷冻干燥法作为前处理方法。     

“特氟隆”弹分解海洋沉积物、悬浮体和生物体试验

吴景云等用原子吸收分光光度法测定海洋沉积物中多种元素时,提出氢氟酸-硝酸-高氯酸溶剂和硝酸过氧化氢溶剂的湿法溶解海洋沉积物,认为是较好的分解海洋沉积物的方法。但是,这种湿法分解样品,要加入多种大量化学试剂。因此,难免带来污染和开放性加热挥发、溅洒损失以及金属或玻璃器皿受高热与强酸的腐蚀或吸附引起误差,而且需要经多次加热、蒸煮,操作复杂又费时。湿法也不宜在船上进行现场的样品分解,对海上采集样品的保存和运输中,沾污难以控制。大洋水中悬浮体含量极少,     

静电纺丝技术制备纳米纤维复合环氧涂层及其海洋防腐性能

纳米纤维可以填补有机涂层中存在的孔隙和微裂纹,并提高其抗腐蚀能力。本文介绍了一种利用静电纺丝方法在Q235碳钢表面制备纳米纤维,并与有机环氧树脂复合,进而提高树脂防腐性能的技术。制备了环氧-纤维复合涂层（PAN-NFs/EP）,采用电化学方法以及盐雾实验对复合涂层的防腐性能进行了表征,结果表明嵌入了纳米纤维的环氧复合涂层,其电化学阻抗提高了两个数量级,防腐性能明显提高。本研究对静电纺丝技术在海洋防腐中的应用具有一定的参考价值。     

中西医结合治疗HP相关性胃炎脾胃湿热证Meta分析

目的：评价清热祛湿法联合常规西药治疗幽门螺旋杆菌（HP）相关性胃炎脾胃湿热证临床疗效和HP转阴率。方法：计算机检索2005—2018年中国知网、万方数据、维普中文科技期刊数据库中发表的有关清热祛湿方联合（或三联/四联）疗法治疗HP相关性胃炎脾胃湿热证的临床随机对照试验（RCTs）,按照RCTs质量评价的改良Jadad量表评价标准对纳入文献进行质量评价,使用RevMan 5.3统计软件进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入16项研究,包括1628例患者。清热祛湿法联合常规西药治疗HP相关性胃炎脾胃湿热证对照单用常规西药治疗,临床疗效有效率组间比较差异有统计学意义［合并OR（固定效应模型）=4.46,95% CI（3.27,6.09）,P＜0.00001］;HP转阴率的组间比较差异亦有统计学意义［合并OR（固定效应模型）=3.30,95% CI（2.43,4.49）,P＜0.00001］。结论：清热祛湿法联合常规西药治疗HP相关性胃炎脾胃湿热证具有较好的疗效,因纳入文献数量有限及部分文献质量偏低,仍需高质量的RCTs以进一步验证。     

人造鱼肉蛋白纤维纺丝工艺的探讨

本文从扩大低值鱼类利用途径出发,探索以低值鱼类的蛋白质制造具有肉类组织结构特征的模拟食品的基本条件及可行性,就纺制人造鱼肉蛋白纤维的工艺条件如凝固液组成、纺丝速度等进行了研究,对鱼肉蛋白纤维的化学成分作了分析,利用电镜观察蛋白纤维的结构形态。     

海带中12 种元素ICP-OES 检测的三种前处理方法对比研究

运用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry,ICP-OES)比较研究了干法灰化、湿法消解和微波消解3种前处理方法对海带样品中Se、Fe、Mn、Zn、Ca、Mg、P、As、Cd、Cr、Cu和Pb 12种元素含量测定的影响。结果表明,不同前处理方法对微量元素的测定结果会产生不同程度的影响。干法灰化对易挥发元素As等带来明显的负误差;湿法消解由于加入的消解液量大,对低含量的微量元素常带来较大的试剂空白;微波消解法相对于其他两种前处理方法适于样品的快速消解,具有操作简便、试剂用量少、操作误差小等优点,检测结果具备较高的准确度、精密度和回收率,对海带样品微波消解ICP-OES检测的相对标准偏差为0.29%~2.63%,加标回收率为87.3%~103.6%。微波消解是海带等海洋生物样品中微量元素测定较理想的前处理方法。     

Rapid swing and spin of [deep] taut-wire-moored instruments

Rapid ‘swing’, compass variations O(10°) in O(10 s), and ‘spin’, complete rotations around the vertical axis within a few minutes, are a concern of acoustic current meters moored in-line. Observations are used from fast sampling, at once per 1 and 30 s, instrumentation on deep-ocean moorings mainly outside surface wave and bottom boundary influences. Such instruments do not require a vane common to some historic mechanical current meters and they are often moored in a much easier to handle sub-surface buoy or mounting rack, without vanes. In their mountings they are nearly symmetric, so that they can spin freely in (turbulent; shear) flows. A comparison is made between noise levels of such free spinning instrumentation with those of instruments mounted in a fixed bottom-frame and with those of instruments equipped with a vane to one side. Typical spinning has a single rotation varying between 40 and 200 s. Spinning is shown to be highly binary: on or off. Its effects are found negligible on estimates of ocean currents, provided compass updates are adequate as in existing instrumentation. Acoustic noise is O(10) times larger than noise due to spinning. Some effects of spinning are noticed in the acoustic echo amplitude showing higher noise at frequencies >100 cpd, cycles per day. The character of this noise changes dramatically due to spinning. However, it is mainly in the ocean turbulence range and does not affect measurements of internal waves or periodic zooplankton motions.     

Strength characteristics of cemented sand–bentonite mixtures with fiber and metakaolin additions

Compacted sand–bentonite mixtures have been used as a good alternative hydraulic barrier material to compacted clays. This study presents the results of a laboratory investigation on the strength characteristics of cement-stabilized sand–bentonite (CSB) mixtures and the effects of adding small amounts of fibers and metakaolin to the mixture material for strength improvement. The strength characteristics of the mixture materials were examined using unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests and splitting tensile strength (STS) tests, with emphasis on evaluating the effects of different proportions of bentonite, fibers, and metakaolin within the CSB mixtures with a constant value of cement content. The test results indicated that the maximum improvements in UCS and STS were all attained in the CSB mixture with 10% bentonite content, and the inclusion of fibers and metakaolin of 1% each within the same CSB mixture led to an increase in UCS of about 40 and 70%, respectively. The addition of fibers also increased the ductility of the mixture material and was more effective for the improvement of tensile strength compared to that of metakaolin. The contribution of metakaolin to early-age strength (i.e., 3 and 7 days) of CSB mixture was found to be small due to the relatively low cement content in the mixture.     

栉孔扇贝鳃、唇瓣和口唇一氧化氮合酶活性

采用组织化学、免疫组织化学和分光光度技术对栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)鳃、唇瓣和口唇内的一氧化氮合酶(EC EC1.14.13.39;NOS)进行了研究。组织化学显示,鳃轴结缔组织内血细胞、血管内皮细胞、神经细胞、神经纤维呈NOS阳性;鳃丝的部分上皮细胞及血细胞呈NOS强阳性;唇瓣内部分上皮细胞、血细胞、神经细胞和神经纤维均呈NOS阳性;口唇有大量的神经纤维呈极强的NOS阳性。免疫组化显示,鳃和唇瓣血细胞、神经细胞、神经纤维和部分上皮细胞呈iNOS阳性。口唇内血细胞、神经细胞、神经纤维和部分上皮细胞呈nNOS和eNOS阳性,而呈iNOS强阳性。生化测定表明,tNOS活力和NO含量均为鳃轴中最高,鳃丝中次之,唇瓣中较低,口唇中最低,鳃丝内的NOS以cNOS为主;鳃轴和口唇内的cNOS活力和iNOS活力相近;唇瓣内的NOS则以iNOS为主。     

Effect of polymer and fiber usage on dewatering and compressibility behavior of fly ash slurries

Coal ash producing is an increasing trend because of its high energy demand worldwide. For transportation, disposal, and reuse of the industrial waste materials, geotextile tube’s dewatering technology has been widely used over the last three decades, which helps to decrease the volume of the dewatered slurry. In this study, effect of usage of polymer and fibers on dewatering characteristic of fly ash slurries was investigated. For the experimental investigation, an anionic polymer and short nylon fibers were used. As a new concept, centrifuge test is introduced as an alternative for the widely used pressure filtration test (PFT). Centrifuge test was used to evaluate final solid content of the retained sediments and change in slurry volume of fly ash. Tests were conducted on unconditioned and anionic polyacrylamide and/or fiber conditioned fly ash slurries. Centrifuge test results were compared with PFT results with respect to final solid content. It was found that fiber and/or polymer usage has remarkable effect on the dewatering rate of fly ash slurry. It was also found that final solid content of fly ash slurries was decreased by inclusion of fibers and polymer, which indicates that fiber and/or polymer usage can create more permeable soil body.     

Application of fiber optics for deep-sea exploration systems

Optical fibers, optical transmission systems, and optical Accessories to apply fiber optics to deep-sea exploration systems are described. The discussion of fibers cover the construction of the fiber and cable and the useful life of optical fibers. Considerations in designing a system (number of fibers and multiplexing method) are discussed. Accessories such as optical feedthroughs, optical connectors, and optical rotary connectors are examined. A composite fiber-optic/coaxial cable system successfully operated for one year is described     

Development of Synthetic Fiber-Reinforced Electro-Optical-Mechanical Cables for Use With Moored Buoy Observatories

We consider an alternative to traditional high-modulus synthetic electro-optical-mechanical (EOM) mooring cables that are being used in single-point moorings for deep-ocean observatories. The alternative cable design is based on using low-modulus nylon or polyester fibers as the strength member. High-modulus EOM cables such as those that use Vectran fibers as the strength member are usually constructed with the conductors and optical fibers in the core and the strength member on the outside. The key aspect of the new design is that the strength member is placed in the center of the cable and the conductors and fibers are wrapped around the outside at a high helix angle to accommodate stretching of the center-strength-member. A comparison of the static and dynamic responses of moorings constructed with nylon, polyester, and Vectran EOM cables (for mooring scopes of 1.1 and 1.2 and deployment depths of 1800, 3000, and 5000 m) shows that the maximum total tensions of moorings made with nylon EOM cables are lowest under all conditions. Differences between the nylon and the Vectran EOM cable moorings are due principally to the differences in the dynamic tensions. Differences between the nylon and the polyester EOM cable moorings are due mainly to differences in static tensions caused by the higher specific gravity of polyester fibers. Reduction in the scope of all the moorings from 1.2 to 1.1 resulted in significantly higher tensions for the polyester and Vectran EOM cable moorings but only slightly higher tensions for the nylon EOM cable moorings