地理学视角的京津冀地区工业企业融资成本分析

企业融资难和融资成本高是近年来制约中国实体经济发展的重要因素,但是哪些又是影响企业融资成本高的因素呢?基于京津冀地区商业银行分支机构和工业企业的大数据挖掘,定量分析了企业融资成本与商业银行分支机构的距离、1~5 km半径内商业银行分支机构的数量的相关性,解释了地理因素对企业融资成本的作用机制。研究表明：① 总体上看,与商业银行分支机构的距离越近、1~5 km半径内商业银行分支机构的数量越多,工业企业的融资成本越低。② 与商业银行分支机构的距离、1~5 km半径内商业银行分支机构的数量对国有工业企业和非国有工业企业都有显著影响,其中对非国有工业企业的影响显著性更高。③ 北京和天津的工业企业融资成本与商业银行分支机构的距离无关,与1~5 km半径内商业银行分支机构的数量负相关;河北省的工业企业融资成本与商业银行分支机构的距离正相关,与1~5 km半径内商业银行分支机构的数量负相关。④ 与商业银行分支机构的距离对重工业企业和劳动密集型企业的影响更显著,1~5 km半径内商业银行分支机构的数量对不同行业的影响差异性不大。     

Fish and boats: Fisheries management issues in Northland

New Zealand fisheries management has been the focus of a great deal of research, largely because of the early, and very successful, introduction of a neoliberal property regime in the country's commercial fisheries. Less attention has been paid to the other management activities of New Zealand's Ministry of Fisheries. This paper outlines the fisheries management issues arising over the last decade in the region to the north of Auckland and the practices of the Ministry as it worked to address them.     

Auckland and the creative industries: the spatial distribution of the design subsector

Auckland is New Zealand’s largest city with the largest concentration of creative sector employment and businesses in the country. This paper examines the spatial distribution of firms in the design creative subsector across the Auckland Region and in inner Auckland and ascertains the key determinants of firm location. The macrolevel findings indicate that the architectural and specialized design firms have similar spatial distribution patterns across the Auckland Region, while the advertising subsector demonstrates an extreme tendency toward spatial concentration only in inner Auckland. All three subsectors have a strong propensity to clustering within inner Auckland; however, one CBD (Central Business District) fringe area, Parnell outperforms the rest. The microlevel findings reveal hybridized creative clusters of uneven density. Parnell’s unique brand and place-specific characteristics were the key determinants of firm location which led to the spontaneous collocation of firms. These location decisions had the unintended consequence of creating agglomeration economies.     

Institutional arrangements for metropolitan government and strategic planning in Auckland

Abstract:  The task of designing appropriate institutional arrangements for metropolitan government and planning has recently proved highly contestable politically. We interrogate how the role of the Auckland Regional Council (ARC) was zealously contested and hollowed-out during the 1990s. More recently, the impacts of the neo-liberal reforms in Auckland have been mediated by a further round of local government reforms inspired by a Third Way ideology and by the imperative to respond to the planning crisis resulting from infrastructure underinvestment. New regionally based governance arrangements and planning processes have been created. We argue that this new commitment to regionalism can realistically expect to be tested by deep-seated political cleavages within Auckland and by Auckland's relationship with central government.     

北京城市居民消费区位偏好与决策行为分析——以西城区和海淀中心地区为例

以居民消费行为与商业区位选择为研究目的,从消费者属性和商业环境双重视角,构建计量经济模型分析居民消费区位偏好和区位决策行为。研究表明,教育程度、职业类型、收入水平、交通出行方式和购物出发点等居民属性特征显著影响着居民消费区位的偏好,居民对区位、商品价格、服务质量、休息场所、配套设施、停车场等商业环境满意度的评价水平明显影响着居民的消费区位决策,但居民对交通条件、商业规模和商业氛围等满意度的评价水平对消费者区位选择决策的影响并不显著。因此,针对不同消费者要开发和建设不同类别的商业区,以满足不同层次居民的消费需求;另外,良好的商业区位、多元化商品价格、高质量服务水平、完善的休息场所和配套设施、充足的停车场设施等是吸引居民消费的重要条件,也应该是商业区环境建设的重点内容。     

Successfully Managing Auckland's Growth in the New Millennium -Issues of Governance and Implementation

This was the Second Annual Lecture of the Auckland Branch of the New Zealand Geographical Society. It was delivered at the University of Auckland on 12 October 1999. The Annual Lecture is intended as a contribution to debate about significant issues or developments of immediate or potential interest to Aucklanders.     

Mudslides Developed on Waitemata Group Rocks, Tawharanui Peninsula, North Auckland

On Tawharanui Peninsula mudslides occur in soils developed on Waitemata Group flysch similar to that underlying much of the Auckland metropolitan area. Mudslides are shallow soil failures with a bowlshaped source area, an elongated track, and an accumulation zone. Movement may continue for decades to centuries. Modelling suggests that failure of saturated soils occurs along a basal surface defined by the regolith / bedrock contact; rates of movement and time of initiation have not been established. Reactivation or increased mobility of mudslides due to climatic change represents an increased hazard for infrastructure in Auckland City.     

港航企业区位特征及其空间关联——以上海港口后勤区为例

港航企业的行为空间研究正成为现代港口地理学新的研究热点。以上海港口后勤区为例,建立港航企业空间属性数据库,收集各区县制造业、仓储业、商业、商务办公业的企业数据以及对应的建筑面积数据,综合运用空间基尼系数、GIS空间统计与插值以及地理联系率三种研究方法,从中微观尺度刻画上海港口后勤区主要港航企业的区位特征以及空间关联。研究表明:现阶段上海港口后勤区港航企业以广域(市域)分布为主,总体呈现明显的空间聚集特征;不同类型港航企业的区位选择具有明显的差异性,港航企业多以中心城区为核心、沿黄浦江空间集聚明显,而无船承运企业则呈现大分散小集聚布局;港航企业区位选择与制造业具有空间可分性,而国际集装箱运输企业地域依赖性明显。     

上海大都市区港口物流企业的空间格局演化

以上海港口物流企业数据为基础,运用GIS空间分析、数理统计等方法,探讨港口物流企业空间格局及演化规律,并对其关键影响因素进行分析。研究表明:1990 年代中期以来,上海港口物流企业空间格局总体呈集聚化和郊区化特征,中心城区仍是港口物流企业集聚的主要区域,但企业所占比例呈下降态势,郊区企业所占比例则不断上升。不同类型港口物流企业空间分布差异明显,处于价值链低端的运输仓储型企业倾向于向郊区转移,处于价值链中高端的综合服务型企业仍主要布局在中心城区,但已显现出郊区化端倪。上海港口物流企业空间格局演化受到港口功能演变、综合交通网络建设、商务支撑条件、城市规划及发展政策等因素的综合影响。     

Central‐Auckland rainfall, 1853–2020: Sites histories and implications for developing a long‐term rainfall record

Previous work related to central‐Auckland site Albert Park showed that sparse site histories for inner‐city weather stations can be usefully supplemented by mining searchable online historical archives (Papers Past, DigitalNZ), at least as far back as 1909. Assessment of potential is extended here back to 1853, within the context of developing a long‐term rainfall record for Auckland. Although late 19th century sources are thinner and of poorer quality, much useful information could be gleaned about the locations and exposures of early sites. Hypothesised implications for the rainfall record suggest that all early site data need to be adjusted upwards.     

(Trans)national Bodies, (Trans)national Languages and the Transformation of Local Urban Space

This paper discusses some of the ways that international students, particularly those from East Asia, are involved in the transformation of urban space in Auckland City. Using existing economic reports, local media accounts and the author's initial observations, the paper identifies how the embodied and linguistic practices of international students are involved in the changing landscapes of Auckland's inner city. This cursory reading serves to identify a research agenda and to reflect upon some key theoretical textxs. The insights of Arjun Appadurai, Michael Peter Smith and Ulrich Beck are used to suggest that the changes in Auckland, whilst certainly local, are also influenced fry factors that emerge from beyond the borders of international students' origin communities, cities and nations.     

新世纪中国银行体制改革与地方银行机构 网点的空间分布 ——兼与全国性商业银行的比较

20世纪90年代以来,中国银行体制改革催生了以城市商业银行和农村商业银行为代表的地方银行,它们以中小企业和城乡居民为主要服务对象,弥补了全国性商业银行的市场空缺,在我国金融体系中发挥着日益重要的作用。对银行体制改革的分析发现,城市商业银行和农村商业银行从仅限于单一地区经营,到放开地域经营限制,允许跨区域设立分行后,两银行机构网点的数量呈现出快速增长趋势,其网点的地理分布在改革前后发生了较大变化。将两银行与全国性商业银行的网点分布进行对比发现,其总行布局与地方经济发展刺激下的金融需求有着更为密切的联系;两银行跨区域设立异地分行的区位选择具有较大差别：城市商业银行优先选择发达地区,而后采取全国性战略布局和区域性梯度式布局两种模式扩张;农村商业银行则优先考虑欠发达地区,然后主要以区域内跳跃式扩张。     

The rent gap revisited: gentrification in point Chevalier,Auckland

The rent gap is the difference between the actual and potential ground rent of a site. This paper estimates the rent gap into two ways: gaps estimated using actual and potential ground rents at the same scale, and those based on different scales, and unpacks the relationship between renovation and both of these rent gaps via logistic regression. Using the suburb of Point Chevalier in Auckland as a case study, we find that the rent gap at a single scale is a more appropriate proxy for Smith’s rent gap concept in this particular case. A comparison between Point Chevalier and other neighborhoods in Auckland suggests that the co-occurrence between renovation events and rent gap derives from capital flows and class struggle in gentrification and that the rent gap is both an outcome of the social relations that produce gentrification, and a symptom of it.     

浅析美国全球军力新部署及其影响

美国在全球范围内军力重新部署,既是新霸权发展的需要,又是一个时机不断成熟的过程。部署构想：在欧洲另结新欢;在亚洲远离“危险”区,寻求新的驻军点。一旦部署全面实施,将可能会触发新一轮军备竞赛,使多极化进程更加曲折,给世界和平带来严峻的挑战等诸多方面的负面影响。     

Immigrant and locally bom Pacific Island Polynesians: Two populations?

At a huihuinga organised during the Conference on Pacific Studies at the University of Auckland in August 1985, there was a spirited exchange of views among participants on residence of Pacific Island Polynesians in New Zealand. As part of a wider critique of Pakeha cultural hegemony and superiority several Maori speakers stressed that Pacific Island Polynesians were manuhiri (visitors) in New Zealand and, like most of the people of European descent, they had "overstayed their permits" in the eyes of the tangata whenua . In responding to these claims, speakers from Samoa and Fiji sought to dispell a myth, still widely held in New Zealand, that the great majority of resident Pacific Island Polynesians were born in the islands. They reminded participants at the Auckland Conference that almost half of the people classed on the basis of ethnicity as Pacific Islanders in the 1981 census had been born in New Zealand. They were not "immigrants".     

1980年以来我国城市商业区位研究述评

总结了1980年以来我国城市商业区位研究的进展。将我国商业区位研究大致划分为3个阶段,即以商业地理学及城市商业区位为主的宏观研究阶段,以城市商业网点区位及商业活动空间结构为主的中观研究阶段,以大型购物中心、百货店、零售店区位等为主的微观研究阶段,分析了各个阶段对应的研究主要内容与研究方法,对近年来城市商业区位研究新领域:信息化背景下商业区位、轨道交通影响下的商业区位、微区位理论、外资零售企业区位、社区商业布局等进行了概述,总结出我国商业区位研究存在的重实证、轻理论等问题,并对未来商业区位的研究提出几点思路。     

北京批发企业空间格局演化与区位选择因素

随着服务业对居民生产、生活影响程度逐渐增强,其企业区位选择已成为从微观视角解析城市空间结构的重要途径。以北京为典型案例地,将批发企业作为研究对象,运用核密度估计方法、Ripley's K(d)函数以及条件Logit模型,分析了北京批发企业空间格局演变规律与集聚特征,在此基础上探究了批发企业区位选择的影响因素。结果表明：① 从空间分布特征来看,批发企业主要集中在北京五环以内,且呈现明显的空间集聚特征,集聚规模主要集中在0~28 km范围内;② 从空间集聚强度看,集聚峰值出现的距离不断向外扩张,二环内集聚强度有所下降,并在外围形成了3个核心集聚区;③ 地方化经济、城市化经济、土地价格、集聚效益、劳动力成本等因素对批发企业区位选择具有显著影响,其中土地价格和集聚效益的影响最大,新企业在区位选择中都存在明显的集聚效益;④ 从不同类型批发企业来看,外资批发企业通过检验的影响因素较少,受已有该企业空间分布的影响显著且对交通区位条件、创新环境要求更高,但商业基准地价在外资企业区位选择中影响不显著。     

江苏省银行网点分布格局及其影响因素研究

以江苏省为研究对象,基于网络平台的银行网点地理数据,运用最近邻指数、Ripley’s K函数以及多元线性回归等分析方法,分别对五大商业银行、农业金融机构、中小商业银行、江苏地方银行以及外资银行的空间分布特征进行探讨,并揭示不同类型银行网点区位选择的影响因素。研究结果：整体上,江苏省银行网点空间偏向分布差异明显“南多北少”,空间集聚特征显著“城区密集分布和外围分散分布”;不同类型银行由于功能和市场定位的不同,除在城区密集分布的共性外,在城市外围区域的分布密度和服务范围存在较大差异。城市建成区面积、人口规模、人均地区生产总值、规模以上工业企业数量、城镇化率、二三产业产值比重是影响银行网点区位选择的主要因素,但对不同类型银行网点分布的影响程度不同。五大商业银行网点分布倾向于人口规模大、城镇化率高的城市,农业金融机构网点更依赖于农业人口因素,中小商业银行网点偏爱二三产业发达的区域,规模以上工业企业数量对江苏地方银行网点的布局具有显著影响,外资银行主要分布在对外开放程度高和国外资本输入较多的城市。城市行政级别和城市性质等制度因素对农业金融机构、外资银行网点区位选择的影响作用较强。     

Aborigines and land in Northern Australian development

Northern Australian development has been based primarily on land ownership and the commercial exploitation of resources. Aborigines, lacking legally recognised tenure to land, have largely been excluded from this process. Their priorities for development have rarely been considered. Aboriginal land rights legislation theoretically transforms this situation. But, because of external pressures, Aboriginal land owners have to a large extent continued to follow the conventional development path through the establishment of enterprises. Factors such as physical isolation, lack of management expertise and the demands for reciprocity in Aboriginal society have inhibited the success of such enterprises. This paper, focusing primarily on Aboriginal pastoral operations, discusses these issues and illustrates some alternative forms of land and resource use which suggest that Aboriginal development priorities have a stronger social orientation.     

中资企业研发国际化研究——基于华为WIPO专利分析

近年来,中资企业的研发国际化倾向日益明显,海外专利申请数量激增。中资跨国公司的海外R&D中心区位与空间组织结构,以及对企业创新能力提升的影响成为国内外经济地理学研究的热点问题之一。以深圳华为技术有限公司为案例,基于世界知识产权组织专利数据与企业访谈资料,分析了华为研发国际化的途径和成效。研究发现：华为通过在全球卓越中心建立海外R&D中心以及与国际一流企业、大学与科研机构的跨境合作获得领先的研发资源,并通过总部协调实现知识由海外卓越中心向中国的流动。这种主动技术获取途径既保障华为获得全球领先的技术资源,又保障了知识商业化的成果归华为所有,是华为成长为全球领先企业的主要途径。