马氏珠母贝近交与杂交家系的DNA甲基化多态性比较

采用甲基化敏感多态性扩增技术(MSAP)检测马氏珠母贝(Pinctada fucata martensii)近交(F1)与杂交(Z1)家系闭壳肌的DNA甲基化修饰水平,对部分甲基化修饰片段进行回收、测序和注释分析。结果表明:使用20对引物进行选扩增PCR,最终F1和Z1分别获得(632.20±22.58)和(588.60±25.09)条条带,差异显著(P0.05);F1和Z1之间的组织甲基化水平分别为(9.93±1.60)%和(8.04±1.25)%,差异显著(P0.05)。对回收片段进行注释,F1家系共获得9条甲基化修饰片段,其中8条为功能蛋白,分别为E3泛素连接酶、逆转录病毒多聚蛋白、神经肽受体、交叉结点核酸内切酶、磷酸糖器、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、隐花色素蛋白、脆性位点相关蛋白;Z1家系共获得5条甲基化修饰片段且均为功能蛋白,分别为脆性位点相关蛋白、神经元乙酰胆碱受体α亚基、无调性的同源蛋白、麦芽糖酶、甲基胞嘧啶双加氧酶。初步阐明马氏珠母贝近交家系F1与杂交家系Z1间的DNA甲基化修饰水平和部分具甲基化修饰位点。     

Analysis of DNA Methylation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis</Emphasis> Under Temperature Stress Using the Methylation Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism (MSAP) Technique

Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis is an economically important agarophyte, which contains high quality gel and shows a high growth rate. Wild population of G. lemaneiformis displayed resident divergence, though with a low genetic diversity as was revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) analyses. In addition, different strains of G. lemaneiformis are diverse in morphology. The highly inconsistence between genetic background and physiological characteristics recommends strongly to the regulation at epigenetic level. In this study, the DNA methylation change in G. lemaneiformis among different generation branches and under different temperature stresses was assessed using methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) technique. It was shown that DNA methylation level among different generation branches was diverse. The full and total methylated DNA level was the lowest in the second generation branch and the highest in the third generation. The total methylation level was 61.11%, 60.88% and 64.12% at 15°C, 22°C and 26°C, respectively. Compared with the control group (22°C), the fully methylated and totally methylated ratios were increased in both experiment groups (15°C and 26°C). All of the cytosine methylation/demethylation transform (CMDT) was further analyzed. High temperature treatment could induce more CMDT than low temperature treatment did.     

Analysis of DNA Methylation Level of Portunus trituberculatus Subjected to Low Salinity with Methylation-Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism

In this study, the methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism(MSAP) was used to compare the genomic DNA methylation level of muscle, gill and hepatopancreas of Portunus trituberculatus subjected to salinity 12 for 30 days to illustrate the epigenetic mechanism of osmoregulation. Thirty primers were used to analyze the difference of methylation level of different tissues. The results showed that the baseline methylation level of muscle, hepatopancreas and gill was 47.31%, 22.94% and 17.69%, respectively. After exposed to low salinity stress, the methylation epiloci changed in the three tissues. Both demethylation and methylation processes occurred under low salinity stress. The methylation ratio decreased in muscle and gill but increased in hepatopancreas. These results indicated that DNA methylation is tissue-specific when P. trituberculatus responds to low salinity.     

Molecular Characterization and Expression and DNA Methylation Analyses of a Galectin-Related Protein Gene from Cynoglossus semilaevis

Galectins,a family of ?-galactoside-binding proteins,participate in both innate immunity and adaptive immunity.This study identified one novel galectin-related protein from half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis,which was designated as Cs GRP.The full-length c DNA of its encoding gene was 785 bp in length with a 528 bp open reading frame encoding a putative protein of 176 amino acids.The deduced Cs GRP contained a putative 131-aa galactoside-binding lectin domain and 3 critical residues responsible for carbohydrate binding(R~(93),W~(109) and R~(114)).Genomic structural analysis revealed that Cs GRP consisted of five exons and four introns.Cs GRP showed 68% similarity with Poecilia latipinna GRP and 67% similarity with Stegastes partitus GRP.Cs GRP showed the highest expression level in liver,although its expression was detected in all tested tissues.When challenged with Vibrio harveyi,the expression of Cs GRP was significantly down-regulated in liver(P 0.05).In addition,we found that in spleen and kidney of C.semilaevis,the Cp G island of Cs GRP showed significantly higher(P 0.05) methylation level in disease-resistant family of C.semilaevis(DR-Cs) than in disease-susceptible ones(DS-Cs).Our results suggested that Cs GRP may play important roles in the immune response of C.semilaevis.Moreover,DNA methylation patterns provided valuable data for understanding the relationship between epigenetic regulation and immunity,which would assist the animal genetic research and improve the animal breeding in the future.     

Analysis of DNA Methylation Level by Methylation-Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism in Half Smooth Tongue Sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis) Subjected to Salinity Stress

Increasingly arisen environmental constraints may contribute to heritable phenotypic variation including methylation changes,which can help the animals with development,growth and survival.In this study,we assessed the DNA methylation levels in three tissues(gonad,kidney and gill) of half smooth tongue sole under the salinity stress.The methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism(MSAP) technique was applied to illustrate the regulation of epigenetic mechanism in environmental stimuli.Fish were subjected to 15 salinity treatment for 7 and 60 days,respectively.A total of 11259 fragments were amplified with 8 pairs of selective primers.The levels of methylated DNA in different tissues of females and males without salinity stress were analyzed,which were 32.76% and 47.32% in gonad;38.13% and 37.69% in kidney;37.58% and 34.96% in gill,respectively.In addition,the significant difference was observed in gonad between females and males,indicating that discrepant regulation in gonadal development and differentiation may involve sex-related genes.Further analysis showed that total and hemi-methylation were significantly decreased under 15 salinity for 7 days,probably resulting in up-regulating salt-tolerance genes expression to adjust salt changing.With the adjustment for 60 days,total and hemi-methylation prominently went back to its normal levels to obtain equilibrium.Particularly,full methylation levels were steady along with salinity stress to maintain the stability of gene expression.Additionally,the data showed that gonads in females and gills in males were superior in adaptability.As a result,DNA methylation regulates tissue-specific epiloci,and may respond to salinity stress by regulating gene expression to maintain animal survival and activity.     

DNA Methylation of pacap Gene Is Involved in Growth Superiority of Female Half Smooth Tongue Sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis) in Different Salinities

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide(PACAP)and growth hormone-releasing hormone(GHRH)play important roles in the GH/IGF growth axis in fishes.To determine whether epigenetic change is involved in the regulation of pacap and ghrh responses to low salinity stress in Cynoglossus semilaevis,the correlation between growth traits,DNA methylation status and gene expression level in low salinity(15,S15)and optimal salinity(30,S30)at day 7(D7)and day 60(D60)were analyzed.Results showed that exposure to low salinity for 60 days attenuated C.semilaevis growth rate.Under low salinity,DNA methylation level of pacap promoter increased in females and decreased in males at day 7,but inverted at day 60.Additionally,pacap expression was up-regulated in both males and females.The pacap promoter methylation level was higher and expression level was lower in female than in male.The results suggest that pacap promoter methylation level is negatively correlated to mRNA level and positively correlated to body weight,while gene expression level is negatively related with body weight.With the decrease of salinity,DNA methylation level of ghrh promoter and exon1,as well as its gene expression displayed minor changes.Overall,pacap gene seems to play an important role in fish growth,contributing to female growth superiority,while ghrh gene seems not pertinent under salinity stress.The results indicate that low salinity potentially affects fish growth through regulating DNA methylation in pacap promoter.This study expands the understanding of the molecular mechanism of how salinity modulates fish growth from the epigenetic perspective.     

Half Smooth Tongue Sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis) Under Low Salinity Stress Can Change Hepatic igf2 Expression Through DNA Methylation

Salinity is a crucial environmental stress that severely affects fish growth and survival.Under environmental stress,DNA methylation plays an important role in gene expression and genome function.To better understand the epigenetic regulation mechanism of igf2 under low salinity stress,we analyzed the DNA methylation at 5’UTR,exon1,intron1,and exon2,and analyzed the relationship of DNA methylation with mRNA abundance as well as the special single CpG sites methylation patterns of igf2 in the liver of half smooth tongue sole under low salinity(15)for 0,7,and 60 d.When exposed to low salinity,DNA methylation at 5’UTR and exon2 remained stable,while it was up-regulated firstly and then down-regulated at exon1 and intron1.Some single CpG sites of igf2 associated with low salinity,and most of these sites with significantly changed methylation levels(P<0.05)are located in intron1 area.The discrepant variation of single CpG sites methylation levels and igf2 expression further revealed that females and males showed different response to low salinity.Remarkably,the 38-CpG site of intron1 servers as a sexual marker.Additionally,our integrative analysis demonstrated that regional DNA of igf2 methylation had highly complex interplay on gene expression.The single CpG sites in intron1 were indispensable epigenetic markers under external environmental stress.Above all,to resist the low salinity stress,half smooth tongue sole liver can regulate the expression of igf2 through methylation of CpG sites in intron1.     

无单放货的表现形式及责任

无单放货频频发生 ,导致对承运人提出的索赔案件不断发生。文章拟从无单放货的表现形式入手 ,分析每一种形式中无单放货人的法律责任     

浅析湖南省第二次土地调查省级挂图编制方法

湖南省第二次土地调查工作先后历时3年,积累的数据成果能为相应专题地图编制提供数据基础。采用人工综合与计算机自动提取土地利用图斑,多种计算机自动综合相结合缩编基本农田要素,GIS空间分析方法进行耕地图斑坡度分级等关键技术,在多种专业制图软件相互配合下,将大比例尺的湖南省土地利用数据、基本农田数据、耕地坡度数据编绘成1∶80万湖南省土地利用现状图、湖南省基本农田分布图和湖南省耕地坡度分级图,能宏观、直观展示湖南省土地利用情况、基本农田分布情况和耕地坡度分级情况,更好为国土部门土地利用规划、基本农田保护与耕地潜力评价提供决策依据。     

应用AOP实现中间件的动态Reflection

结合AOP和元架构技术给出了一种对象动态自适应的解决方案，该方案基于分离关注原理并分两阶段。首先，确保系统需要动态自适应关注点被清晰的分离；然后使各自分离的关注点能够动态自适应。最后，给出了一个原型系统的初级框架。     

地理信息系统在物联网发展中的机遇

温家宝总理于2009年11月3日在人民大会堂向首都科技界发表了题为<让科技引领中国可持续发展>的讲话.温家宝总理指出:"使中华民族跻身于世界民族之林,必须依靠科学技术.历史告诉我们,科学技术决定民族兴衰和国家命运.信息网络产业是世界经济复苏的重要驱动力.全球互联网正在向下一代升级,传感网和物联网方兴未艾.     

Analysis of the landsat remote sensing images of the types of habitats of Yangtze alligators

The Chinese “Yangtze” alligator is a rare reptile that has been listed as an “endangered species” by the United Nations, so its preservation has become an urgent task. A study of its habitats through analysis of their Landsat images will provide a scientific basis for the government departments concerned to select the best locations for its breeding. The Chinese alligator is a subtropical reptile of freshwater rivers, lakes and ponds. Found only in China, it is now distributed only in the border region between the three provinces of Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangsu. On the basis of previous investigations by Chinese scientists, and from an analysis and interpretation of their Landsat images, we made a special study, review, and classification of the natural environment of the alligator’s present habitats (and the modern changes in the natural background of these hatitats) so that the government departments concerned with the preservation of the reptiles may have a scientific basis for determining the best locations for the breeding and propagation of the alligator. This paper was published in Chinese inOcean. Linn. Sin. 16(1): 35–41, 1985.     

气象雷达图象实时压缩软件设计

先采用统计方法寻找最佳游程长度，再用HAFFMAN编码方法将雷达图象代码与游程长度代码一起偏码输出，提高了雷达图象的压缩率，达到了实时高效的压缩效果。     

九孔鲍外套膜表皮细胞的超微结构

利用透射电镜观察九孔鲍（Haliotidaediversicoloraquatilis）的外套膜表皮细胞,结果表明细胞可分为4大类,即普通柱状表皮细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和感觉细胞。它们在不同区域的分布、形态和数量变化与外套膜的功能分化密切相关。     

Spatio-temporal dynamic of quality of life of residents,Northeast China

Quality of life(QOL) is a hotspot issue that has attracted increasing attention from the Chinese Government and scholars, it is also a vital issue that should be addressed during the cause of ′establishing overall well-off society′. Northeast China is one of the most import old industrial bases in China, however, the industrial structure of heavy chemical industry and the development mode of ′production first, living last′ have leaded to series of social problems, which have also become a serious bottleneck to social stability and economic sustainable development. Through applying the methods of BP neural network, exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA) and spatial regression model, this paper examines the space-time dynamics of QOL of the residents in Northeast China. We first investigate the indexes of QOL of the residents and then use ESDA methods to visualize its space-time relationship. We have found a spatial agglomeration of QOL of the residents in middle-southern Liaoning Province, central Jilin Province and Harbin-Qiqihar-Daqing area of Heilongjiang Province. Two third of the counties are low-low spatial correlation, and the correlative type of about 60% of the prefecture level areas keeps stable, indicating QOL of the residents in Northeast China shows a certain character of path dependence or spatial locked. We have also found that economic strength and development levels of service industry have positive and obvious effect on QOL of the residents, while the effect of such indexes as the social service level and the proportion of the tertiary industries are less.     

中华人民共和国人口电子地图集系统设计

“中华人民共和国人口电子地图集”是我国最新的第五次人口普查数据的集成,是以地图、文字、数字、图表等多种信息表达手段,全面反映了中国人口发展基本现状和趋势的科学参考图集。它可以实现对人口数据的输入/输出、分类、存储、查询、统计、制图、分析和管理,提供给决策者和研究者分析人口问题和制定人口政策的辅助工具。本文详细介绍了图集的系统总体设计、主要功能模块设计、内容组成等。在总体设计上,提出了以电子地图制作子系统、图集管理与集成子系统、图集浏览查询子系统和人口数据查询子系统为四大主要部分的系统结构,并进而对系统中的主要模块进行了介绍.如专题制图符号模型、数据库的目录树管理、电子地图集的管理与集成,通过这些模块,分析了系统的运行机制和流程;在图集内容上,在分析“五普”数据和我国人口实际国情的基础上,选取涉及十项主题(环境、人口分布、性别与年龄、人口变动、民族、家庭婚姻、生育、教育、就业、住房)近200幅地图组成图集的内容,反映我国人口的基本现状、动态变化、地域分布、结构构成等;最后,给出了使用不同制图符号建立的人口地图实例,可以直观地反映各项人口指标的区域差异和变化规律。     

多粒度时空对象关联关系基本问题初探

多粒度时空对象关联关系描述现实世界客观实体之间存在的各种关系及其相互影响,是对实体间关联、作用关系的表达,按照其描述主体的不同主要分为时间关联关系、空间关联关系、属性关联关系和综合关联关系。本文从全空间信息系统的背景出发,对多粒度时空对象关联关系的基本概念进行了阐述,明确了其形式化表达方式和分类。在此基础上,对关联关系的构建和管理进行阐述和分析,说明了静态构建方式和动态构建方式的适用场景。关联关系通过约束作用和行为传导机制来维持数据世界的一致性和联动,本文最后对关联关系的约束类型及其定义和关系-行为传导机制进行了简要说明。     

雷电监测方法的研究

论述了如何利用光电检测技术和虚拟仪器技术,建立新型雷电定位系统.提出了加权定位和向量定位两种新的定位算法,均能够应用于光电法闪电定位系统,实现闪电定位计算.简述了光电法闪电定位系统的硬件 组成,详述了向量定位算法基于LabVIEW8.2软件的闪电定位系统软件设计,包括闪电光强度电压信号处理、雷声识别、闪电的平面方位角计算,以及闪电距离计算等功能模块的设计.通过系统测试仿真实验,对上述定位算法进行了验证,达到了预先设计要求.