Two new marine benthic diatom species of Hippodonta (Bacillariophyceae) from the coast of China: H. nanjiensis sp. nov. and H. qingdaoensis sp. nov.

The diversity and distribution of Hippodonta species on the coast of China are largely unknown due to limited investigations. In this paper, we report the detailed morphology and ultrastructure of two new species: H. nanjiensis sp. nov., collected from intertidal sandy sediments of Nanji Islands, the East China Sea and H. qingdaoensis sp. nov., collected from intertidal sandy sediments of the No. 1 Bathing Beach in Qingdao City, the Yellow Sea. Both species occur mainly in the middle part of the intertidal zone. H. nanjiensis possesses a unique large round central area. H. qingdaoensis differs from congeners in having a unique stria pattern, wherein the areolae in the middle transapical striae are less developed or absent on the primary side of the valve, and two areolae per stria are apparent under light microscopy(LM). This study expands our knowledge of Hippodonta diversity and distribution on the coast of China.     

On a new species of Paragoneplax Castro (Crustacea: Decapoda: Goneplacidae), P. chenae sp. nov. from the South China Sea

A new species of goneplacid crab, Paragoneplax chenae, is described, based on collections from the Nansha Islands, South China Sea. P. chenae closely resembles its only congener P. serenei (Zarenkov, 1972) in general appearance. They are distinguishable from each other by the male abdominal and gonopodal characters.     

Planaxidae (Mollusca,Gastropoda) from the South China Sea

Planaxidae is a family of tropical and subtropical marine gastropods that are adapted to an intertidal, rocky environment. The present study deals with three species in the family Planaxidae from the South China Sea: P lanaxis sulcatus(von Born, 1778), Angiola longispira(Smith, 1872), and S upplanaxis niger(Quoy and Gaimard, 1833), based on specimens deposited in the Marine Biodiversity Collections of the South China Sea, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The taxonomic status, main morphological characteristics of the shell and radula, distribution, and habitat of these three planaxid species are presented. We also briefly discuss their morphological dif ferences and the biogeographic distribution.     

A new species and new recorded species of Lumbrineridae Schmarda, 1861 (Annelida: Polychaeta) from China

Based on material deposited in the Marine Biological Museum of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Qingdao),a new species,Lumbrineris sinensis sp.nov.,as well as Augeneria albidentata(Ehlers,1908),which is recorded for the first time from coastal water of China,are reported in the present paper.The specimens examined were collected during 1958 to 1960 from the Yellow Sea,East China Sea and South China Sea at depths of 4 to 182 m.     

A new species of Eunice (Polychaeta: Eunicidae) from Hainan Island, South China Sea

Ataxonomic survey of benthic marine animals from coastal regions of Hainan Island, South China Sea, revealed specimens of a new species of Eunice (Polychaeta: Eunicida: Eunicidae), Eunice uschakovi n. sp., collected from the intertidal zone. The species belongs to the group of Eunice that has yellow tridentate subacicular hooks and branchiae scattered over an extensive region of the body. It resembles E. miurai and E. havaica in having both bidentate and tridentate falcigers, but can be readily distinguished by branchial features. Comparisons between E. uschakovi and the two related species are presented.     

南海历史地理争端空间分布与关联性研究

南海占我国海洋国土的2/3,不仅是中国国家安全的天然屏障和重要的出海口与战略通道,而且是我国未来重要的能源接续区与资源基地、地缘政治经济问题的多发区。对南海争端发展态势进行空间分布与关联性GIS分析,是重要的辅助决策支持。结果表明：（1）文献研究和网络爬虫等方法可以快速有效地获取南海争端历史地理数据,GIS技术能够对南海争端历史地理数据进行时空变化的深入分析;（2）就争端事件的时间分布而言,事件数量随时间推进呈现显著增长,个别发生重大南海争端事件的年份出现突增的现象;（3）就争端事件的空间分布而言,与越南及菲律宾相关的南海争端事件尤甚,其他周边国家则相对较少,这主要源于越菲两国的战略利益与南海所在区域交叠,使得越菲不断挑起事端;（4）越南、菲律宾与马来西亚等国的利益诉求区主要位于南沙群岛,各国诉求区分布明确,局部交错。网络GIS技术丰富了历史地理研究的途径,为其提供了新的思路和方法。     

Eranno carrerai sp. nov., a new polychaete worm (Lumbrineridae) from coastal waters of China

In this paper, a new polychaete species, Eranno carrerai sp. nov. from coastal areas of China, is described based on specimens deposited in the Marine Biological Museum of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, collected during 1957 to 1976 from the Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea at depths of 9–210 m.     

SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF MUCRONELLA PERFORATA OKADA ET MAWATARI 1937

Pacificincolidaefam .novColonyincrustingorincrusting erect,usuallyunilaminar.Frontalwallsofcryptocystaldevelopmentevenlyperforated .Orificemoreorlessbell shaped,longerthanwide,withasemiellipticalanterandastraightorcurvedproximalborder,conspicuouslyconstrictedatbothsidesproximaltothecondyles,andwithoutoralspines.Ascussubcircularorcircular,situatedwithinasuboralumbo.Aviculariausuallywanting,sometimespresent.Hyperstomialovicellsgranulated ,imperforate,andclosedbythezooidaloperculum .Multiporous…     

Mesozoic Deformation and Its Geological Significance in the Southern Margin of the South China Sea

The pre-Eocene history of the region around the present South China Sea is not well known. New multi-channel seismic profiles provide valuable insights into the probable Mesozoic history of this region. Detailed structural and stratigraphic interpretations of the multi-channel seismic profiles, calibrated with relevant drilling and dredging data, show major Mesozoic structural features. A structural restoration was done to remove the Cenozoic tectonic influence and calculate the Mesozoic tectonic compression ratios. The results indicate that two groups of compressive stress with diametrically opposite orientations, S(S)E– N(N)W and N(N)W–S(S)E, were active during the Mesozoic. The compression ratio values gradually decrease from north to south and from west to east in each stress orientation. The phenomena may be related to the opening of the proto-South China Sea(then located in south of the Nansha block) and the rate at which the Nansha block drifted northward in the late Jurassic to late Cretaceous. The Nansha block drifted northward until it collided and sutured with the southern China margin. The opening of the present South China Sea may be related to this suture zone, which was a tectonic zone of weakness.     

Systematic position ofMucronella perforata Okada et Mawatari 1937

Mucronella perforata was first discovered from Onagawa Bay, northern Honshu, Japan, in 1937 by Okada and Mawatari. It was reported from Hong Kong and its neighboring waters and was referred to the genusHippopodina Levinsen, 1909 of the Family Hippopodinidae Levinsen, 1909 by Huang et al. (1990) and Huang (1994). According to the astogeny of the species, both the ancestrula and its successor zooids have an ascus proximal to the orifice, and its hyperstomial ovicells are imperforate, so it could not be a member of any known genus of the known families of the superfamily Schizoporelloidea Jullien, 1883 in the infraorder Lepraliomorpha Gordon, 1989. The new genusPacificincola and the new family Pacificincolidae established respectively on the basis of reexaminations of the Chinese specimens obtained from the southern Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the northern South China Sea.Schizoporella insculpta Hincks, 1880 andHippoporina mexicana Soule, Soule et Chaney, 1995 have been referred to the new genus in the paper. Contribution No. 3658 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Project 39670100 supported by NSFC and work also supported by the Special Foundation of Biota, IOCAS.     

面向对象的南海珊瑚礁地貌单元提取

南海珊瑚礁地貌信息的提取是珊瑚礁资源利用、生态保护与管理及可持续发展的重要地学基础。本文提出了面向对象的珊瑚礁地貌单元提取模型,针对不同的地貌单元,以不同地貌单元的最优分割尺度、光谱参数、形状参数来分割影像并合并成不同对象,从而获得相应的地貌单元。通过大量实验得出自然地貌的最优分割尺度区间为[140,600],其中附礁生物稀疏带及丛生带、礁坑发育带的光谱参数和形状参数分别为0.9和0.1,其他自然地貌单元的光谱参数和形状参数分别为0.8和0.2;人工地貌的最优分割尺度区间为[25,170],其光谱参数和形状参数分别为0.8和0.2。进一步以南沙群岛簸箕礁WorldView-2高分辨率遥感影像为例提取地貌单元,并结合混淆矩阵和Kappa系数对分类结果进行了精度评价,地貌单元提取总体精度达到了85.75%,Kappa系数为0.8349。结果表明,该方法可有效运用南海珊瑚礁遥感影像的光谱特征、纹理特征,以及影像数据不同波段的组合特性,综合了影像和珊瑚礁地貌的关联特性,充分利用了珊瑚礁不同地貌相带的异质性,获得了理想的南海珊瑚礁地貌的整体信息,满足了我国南海珊瑚礁地貌信息提取和地貌数字产品生成的需求。     

Dimethylsulfide in the South China Sea

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＧｒｅａｔｅｆｆｏｒｔｓｗｅｒｅｄｅｖｏｔｅｄｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙｔｏｓｔｕｄｙｉｎｇｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｓｕｌｆｉｄｅ(ＤＭＳ)ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｉｎｓｅａｗａｔｅｒ,ａｓｉｔａｃｃｏｕｎｔｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅｓｕｌｆｕｒｆｌｕｘｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｏｃｅａｎｓｔｏｔｈｅａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ.Ｍｏｒｅｏｖｅｒ,ｉｔｓｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓｉｎｔｈｅａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅｍａｙｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌａｃｉｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄ…     

A new pomfret species,Pampus minor sp. nov. (Stromateidae) from Chinese waters

Thirty-two 63.0–134.4 mm standard length specimens collected during 1954–1990 from the coastal waters of the South China Sea and the continental coast of the Taiwan Strait were identified as a new species,Pampus minor Liuet Li, sp. nov. Contribution No. 3329 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Study supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences Special Grant for Biota Research.     

Bathymetry and bottom albedo retrieval using Hyperion: a case study of Thitu Island and reef

The Spratly （Nansha） Islands in the South China Sea have considerable economic and important militarily strategic status. Ocean color remote sensing is an effective mean of surveying and research and especially it is useful for areas that are difficult to access, such as Thitu Island and its reef in the Spratly Islands. The Hyper-spectral Optimization Process Exemplar （HOPE） model, developed by Lee et al. （1999） is a rapid and robust bathymetry method that uses hyper-spectral remote sensing. In this study, using Hyperion hyper-spectral sensor data and HOPE, we derive bathymetry and bottom albedo measurements around Thitu Island and its reef. We compare the distribution of bottom depths from C-MAP with that derived from the Hyperion data. The retrieved bathymetry results correlate well with the distribution obtained from the bathymetry contour from 2.0 to 20 m. The average difference between Hyperion and C-MAP for two selected transects was 17.1% （n=59, R=0.848, RMSE=2.342） and 10.9% （n=59, R2=0.834, RMSE=0.463）. The retrieved bottom albedo is homogeneous in the lagoon and significantly non-homogeneous around the lagoon. These results indicate that HOPE could be very useful for bathymetry studies for the islands of the South China Sea.     

Offshore Fault Geometrics in the Pearl River Estuary,Southeastern China: Evidence from Seismic Reflection Data

The Pearl River Estuary (PRE) is located at the onshore-offshore transition zone between South China and South China Sea Basin, and it is of great significant value in discussing tectonic relationships between South China block and South China Sea block and seismic activities along the offshore active faults in PRE. However, the researches on geometric characteristics of offshore faults in this area are extremely lacking. To investigate the offshore fault distribution and their geometric features in the PRE in greater detail, we acquired thirteen seismic reflection profiles in 2015. Combining the analysis of the seismic reflection and free-air gravity anomaly data, this paper revealed the location, continuity, and geometry of the littoral fault zone and other offshore faults in PRE. The littoral fault zone is composed of the major Dangan Islands fault and several parallel, high-angle, normal faults, which mainly trend northeast to northeast-to-east and dip to the southeast with large displacements. The fault zone is divided into three different segments by the northwest-trending faults. Moreover, the basement depth around Dangan Islands is very shallow, while it suddenly increases along the islands westward and southward. These has resulted in the islands and neighboring areas becoming the places where the stress accumulates easily. The seismogenic pattern of this area is closely related to the comprehensive effect of intersecting faults together with the low velocity layer.     

南海地区岩石圈有效弹性厚度估计

分析了测高卫星同时应用于重力模型和地形模型时对计算南海地区岩石圈有效弹性厚度的影响,该影响可能会高估有效弹性厚度值。对比多项研究认为,南沙群岛地区岩石圈的有效弹性厚度约为9 km。通过对南海地区岩石圈的有效弹性厚度分布进行计算发现,南海海盆的有效弹性厚度最小约为4 km,南海周边的有效弹性厚度值较高,与海底岩石圈年龄的空间分布有较强的相关性,符合南海海盆扩张的历史。     

THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA ISLANDS IN ANCIENT CHINA

ＴＨＥＮＯＭＥＮＣＬＡＴＵＲＥＯＦＴＨＥＳＯＵＴＨＣＨＩＮＡＳＥＡＩＳＬＡＮＤＳＩＮＡＮＣＩＥＮＴＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＬｉｕＮａｎｗｅｉ（刘南威）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｇｕａｎｇｚ...