A Bibliometrical Analysis of International Cooperation Research in the Field of Tibetan Plateau

Tibetan Plateau, with its unique characteristics and its impact on the global environment, ecology and climate, is an important research region of the international scientific community. The development of international cooperation in the field of Tibetan Plateau was reviewed and the quantitative statistics and data in accordance with the SCI papers of international cooperation in the field of Tibetan Plateau were analyzed during the 35 years of 1980-2014. The experience of international cooperative research in the field of Tibetan Plateau from starting stage to rapid development to tend to mature stage of development was summarized. International cooperative research has become the main organization of research in the field of Tibetan Plateau. Tibet Plateau international collaboration changing from single academic discipline to multi academic disciplines was analized. Changes in major countries of international cooperation research and independent research in the field of Tibetan Plateau were compared and suggestions for strengthening international cooperative research in the field of Tibetan Plateau for China in the future were put forward.     

北京顺义断裂活动对首都机场地裂缝影响定量研究

顺义断裂是北京平原区重要的晚更新世活动断层。首都国际机场位于顺义断裂中段, 2010年以来, 机场跑道地裂缝逐渐加剧, 地裂缝两侧最大垂直位移差高达20 cm, 已经严重影响机场安全运行。当前, 顺义断裂活动对首都机场地裂缝的影响仍以定性描述为主。文章以顺义断裂几何结构、第四纪活动性以及首都机场地裂缝调查研究为基础, 依据断层位错理论, 定量分析了顺义断裂蠕滑活动对机场地裂缝形成的贡献, 研究了1996年12月16日顺义ML4.5级地震对机场地裂缝可能产生的影响, 并讨论了顺义断裂未来发生潜在强震时机场地裂缝灾害风险增加的趋势。分析认为, 在0.6 mm/a的垂直活动速率下, 顺义断裂蠕滑活动46年, 在机场地裂缝两侧产生的差异沉降量不超过2.5 cm, 对机场地裂缝形成和发展的贡献量约占20%;顺义ML4.5级地震对机场地裂缝的形成影响甚微, 顺义断裂若未来发生7.0级地震, 估算在断裂两盘产生的差异沉降量最大达104 cm, 机场地裂缝灾害风险将增加5倍; 顺义断裂上盘中、深层地下水抽采引起的地面差异沉降在机场地裂缝形成和扩展中的贡献量为70%, 仍是导致机场地裂缝加剧的主要因素。研究结果可为首都国际机场地裂缝灾害精准防控提供重要科学参考。此外, 为深入揭示顺义断裂沿线地裂缝、地面差异沉降等缓变型地质灾害成因机理和灾害效应, 建议在其关键部位实施跨断层位移或形变动态监测工作。     

Deservedness, development, and the state: Geographic categorization in the US Agency for International Development’s Foreign Assistance Framework

The institutions, practices, and discourses of US development policy and foreign assistance are undergoing profound changes. Central to these has been the creation of a new framework for foreign aid, built around a complex taxonomy of developing states and governance issue areas, with geographic and governance categories predicated on notions of state stability and fragility, strategic geopolitical position, and development progress. Given its long-standing position as the primary federal agency responsible for development and foreign aid, the US Agency for International Development (USAID) has played an important role in these policy changes, even as its political status and standing have suffered in recent years. The new framework is beset by contradictions, stemming both from the problematic relationship between development, security, and liberalization in agency rhetoric and strategies, and from intensive restructuring processes affecting USAID’s internal character and external relations. This paper investigates the new framework for foreign aid, linking internal restructuring at USAID to broader trends in state development strategies. I argue that shifts in US development and aid policy - toward emphases on “transformational development” abroad and centralization over strategic decision making domestically, crystallized in the new framework - are based in contradictory understandings of aid deservedness that stem from the tensions between economic and geopolitical aims within the current security-focused US state project of neoliberalization. These contradictions and tensions are displaced onto USAID via the Foreign Assistance Framework.