论1982—1983年冬季东亚气候距平的分布及其形成原因

1982—1983年冬季东亚气候距平的主要特征是有三个距平带和热干、冷湿两种距平状态。作者发现，在厄尼诺现象盛行时，副高明显加强，这是15°N 以南出现热干气候的直接原因。我国新疆地区偏暖，华南、西南地区偏冷也同厄尼诺有一定的遥相关关系。15°—30°N 的强大降水正距平则同东亚南支急流加强和南移有密切关系，南支急流加强则是其南侧的副高加强和其北侧青藏高原气温的强大负距平与雪盖扩大的结果。从降水带与高空急流的关系看，该冬季15°—30°N 地带的降水增多是一种季风雨的加强，同夏季梅雨加强的环流特点是相同的。     

初值协调性对模式数值积分结果的影响

利用国家气候中心新一代全球大气环流模式BCC_AGCM2.0.1,考虑了初值协调性对模式数值积分结果的影响,进行了两组数值回报试验(简称S1,S2),对27年(1980～2006年)的夏季基本气候态进行了对比分析,并考察了该模式对夏季气候的回报技巧。使用交叉检验的方法,计算了对模式结果的评估参数值,包括时间和空间距平相关系数,对该模式性能进行了评估和检验。结果表明,BCC_AGCM2.0.1对季节尺度的大气环流场具有良好的模拟性能,模式基本上再现了观测位势高度场、温度场、流场的分布特征以及大尺度降水分布特征。500 hPa位势高度、温度空间距平相关系数对比表明,平均而言,500 hPa位势高度、温度的空间距平相关性,热带区域(30°S～30°N)高于东亚区域(0°～60°N,60°E～150°E)和全球区域。回报与观测的降水距平百分率相关系数分布对比表明,试验S2在我国江淮地区及南方地区的回报技巧要明显优于S1。     

柴达木盆地气候变化对荒漠化的影响

利用累积距平等方法对柴达木盆地近46 a(1961~2006年)气温、降水资料进行了分析,探讨了柴达木盆地气候变化对荒漠化的影响。结果显示:柴达木盆地气候变暖趋势明显,土地沙漠化面积扩大、植被退化、覆盖率减少和盐渍化程度加重。气候变暖、多大风、蒸发强是影响该区土地荒漠化的主要自然原因之一。     

MDERF产品在贵州月气候预测中的释用

基于MDERF(Monthly Dynamic Extension Range Forecast)模式输出500hPa位势高度场资料和贵州各月干旱综合指数、降水和气温等历史样本,利用秩序回归降尺度法,研究该方法对贵州月干旱综合指数、降水和气温的预报技巧和预测效果.结果表明:该方法从穷尽所有因子组合中选出彼此独立的3个最佳组合因子共同作为预报因子,从而增强可预报性;模型5 a回报试验和2007年8月试报结果表明该方法在实际预测业务中的应用潜力;各气候要素多年的距平相关系数评分比较稳定,其中月干旱综合指数、降水距平百分率、气温距平全年平均距平相关系数评分分别为0.14、0.15和0.14;各气候要素中月气温预报的Pc最高,平均为73%.综合分析表明,该方法在月动力延伸预报产品对贵州月气候要素预测释用中具有较好的应用前景.     

中国气候变化指数分析

用统计学方法对全国范围内160个测站1951-1996年的46年内气温、降水资料进行分析，得出年平均气温、降水的标准化距平场以及冷、暖季的气温、降水的标准化距平场，干旱指数等一系列表征气候变化的指标，以这些指标为基础得出气候增暖作用指数和气候极值性指数，并得出气候变化趋势是向着干和热的方向发展变化的。     

近100年来中东亚干旱区气候异常与海平面气压异常的关系

利用中东亚干旱区近100年(1901-2002年)降水、气温及北半球海平面气压的格点资料,分析了该干旱区冬季、夏季降水和气温与海平面气压分布形势的相关关系,同时对典型的降水和气温异常年份的海平面气压距平场进行了合成分析.结果表明:冬季西北太平洋海平面气压持续增强、阿拉伯海附近维持较高气压时,中东亚干旱区冬季降水偏多、气温偏高.前期春季海平面气压的变化对中东亚干旱区夏季降水有显著的影响,当春季阿留申低压和其南部的西太平洋副热带高压偏强时,中东亚干旱区夏季降水偏多;当春季西太平洋副热带高压位置附近的海平面气压偏高时,中东亚干旱区夏季气温偏低;前期春季海平面气压的异常对中东亚干旱区气候变化的显著影响,对气候预测有很好的指示意义.另外,中东亚干旱区冬季异常多雨、高温年份,海平面气压在中高纬度地区为负距平,在低纬度地区则为正距平.而冬季异常少雨、低温年份,气压场分布的主要特征则相反.在夏季异常多雨年,中东亚干旱区主要位于正的气压距平区,夏季异常少雨年则反之.夏季异常气温偏高年,正距平区主要分布在印度半岛北部,中东亚干旱区西部处于负距平区、东部处于弱的正距平区中.分析结果同时说明了中东亚干旱区易出现冬季多雨/高温(少雨/低温)和夏季多雨/低温(少雨/高温)的气候配置.     

近50年华北干旱的年代际和年际变化及大气环流特征

利用1948～2000年NCEP/NCAR再分析逐日及月平均位势高度、风、温度、垂直速度等物理量和中国气温、降水资料,分析近50年中国华北地区干旱的年代际、年际变化及其环流特征,并探讨1999和2000年华北地区持续干旱环流型及其成因.研究指出:20世纪80年代以来华北地区降水持续偏少,干旱强度有所增加,这与夏季200 hPa矢量风距平场亚洲中纬度西风环流加强,850 hPa风矢量距平场中国东部110～120°E范围内偏南气流比气候平均状况偏弱有关.夏季华北降水偏少的一种主要大气环流型是:500hPa位势高度场上40～50°N的欧亚大陆位势高度偏高并叠加欧亚(EU)遥相关型,华北大部分地区受高压控制.1999和2000年夏华北地区持续严重干旱的主要环流特征是:亚洲大陆高压持续发展、长期维持并相当稳定,华北地区上空受闭合暖性高压控制,高空暖性高压气流强烈下沉,引起空气绝热增温,近地面感热增加使得干旱区气温升高,下垫面非绝热强迫作用与大陆暖高压加强形成正反馈过程.     

青海省干旱评估方法探讨及系统研制

本文考虑到气候变暖的影响,以降水量、平均气温和降水日数作为地区干旱强度的物理量,设计根据降水量距平百分率、气温距平、降水日数距平和影响权重系数的干旱强度评估方法,并利用VB6.0编译语言制作应用系统。     

青藏高原积雪异常与广西气候的关系

利用青藏高原55个地面观测站的积雪日数、积雪深度资料,按年、春、夏、秋、冬不同时段分别进行时段距平计算,选取积雪日数、积雪深度均为正、负距平的年份,划分为高原积雪偏多、偏少年,在此基础上选取距平绝对值相对较大的年份为显著多雪年、显著少雪年。然后分析青藏高原积雪异常与广西异常气候事件的关系特征以及青藏高原积雪显著多、少雪年与广西不同时段的降水、气温的关系特征。结果发现:青藏高原积雪偏多、少与广西异常气候事件的关系不十分明显,好的对应概率也只有60%～75%左右,而青藏高原积雪显著多、少雪年对广西某些时段的降水、气温存在全区性的影响。     

2009—2010年贵州秋、冬、春季干旱气象要素与环流特征分析

利用2009年9月—2010年5月贵州88个气象站地面观测资料,800个自动气象站温度、降水资料以及NCEP再分析资料,分析了持续干旱过程中的大尺度环流背景及气象要素分布特征,同时运用气候干湿指数、综合气象干旱指数对此次持续干旱程度进行了模拟。结果表明,贵州此次持续干旱天气主要发生在西太平洋副热带高压呈带状分布,强度偏强、位置偏西、南支系统偏弱及冷空气活动路径偏北偏东的环流条件下。在干旱期间,贵州西部地区气温为正距平,降水为负距平,空气相对湿度为38%～73%,气候干湿指数<0.6;东部地区气温除2009年11月和2010年4～5月为负距平外,其余月份均为正距平,降水基本上为负距平,空气相对湿度为60%～81%,除2009年11月和2010年4～5月气候干湿指数>1.0外,其余月份均<0.6。总体上,贵州西部地区的旱情较东部地区严重。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.