1996年我国天气气候特点

１９９６年，冬春全国大部降水偏少，北方干旱范围较大，夏季全国大部降水偏多，洪涝面积大，灾情重；秋季，全国大部降水偏少，但淮河流域异常多雨，局地秋涝较重。年平均气温，北方偏高，南方偏低；年日照对数，全国大部偏少，部分地区遭受雪灾，冻害或低温寡照危害，登陆台风个数与常年相同，但造成损失重，部分地区遭受风雹，龙卷风危害。     

应用地滚龙技术提高蔬菜复种指数的试验

本文从当地实际出发，充分利用气候资源，提高高纬度地区蔬菜复种指数，方法取材简单，用料成本低，增温效果明显，延长作物生育期，管理方便，适于间，混，套种，取得了显著的经济效益，有利于推广。     

气象因子对2002年小麦生产的利弊浅析

2002年小麦生育期间，气候反常，出现了多年罕见的暖冬暖春现象，致使小麦生育期提前；生育中期降水偏少，旱象严重，株高降低，分薛成穗率小；穗分化中后期遭受2次晚霜冻害，小穗数数明显减少，灌浆初期阴雨连绵，光照不足，小穗成粒小，灌浆后期光照充足，日较差大，干热风出现迟，强度弱，对粒重增加十分有利。     

杂感三章

水能载舟，也能覆舟，乃至理名言。用水形容人民群众力量的巨大，远见卓识，是唐太宗李世民对其子李治训教的真谛，经再读而三思，深受启迪，提笔弄拙，遂成三首，由水而起，又云又风，或歌或行，或吧或颂，虽有可取之处，但总觉不尽人意，望诸读君见谅。     

四川省暴雨预报警报服务系统的建设

针对四川暴雨频发，灾重的特点和防汛气象服务准确及时，全程系列的要求，设计四川省暴雨预报警报服务系统，要在暴雨探测，通信、预报，综合信息，灾害评估和防灾对策研究的基础上，建立省级信息发布中心和决策服务政府专线，充分发挥中期预警，短期消息、临近警报，应急体制“四度设防”的功能效应急体制加强主体作用，完善联防机制，健全组织结构，提高运行效果，取得最佳效益。     

吉林省突发性暴雨洪水查算图的编制和应用

吉林省位于我国东北中部，处于北半球的中纬地带，天气多变，季节明显，是“气候脆弱性”区，灾害频繁，仅就近４０年来有记录不完全统计，能搜集到有文字记载突发性暴雨就有２４次，损失约计２２亿元以上，死亡及失踪人数高达２４６５人之多，平均每年近６２人。因此，搞好这项研究工作，在当前来说对防灾减灾，抗灾活动，具有现实意义。     

713C数字化天气雷达天控系统电路分析

７１３Ｃ型雷达天控系统，控保环节多，布线分散，运行功率大，故障率相对较高，因现有图纸比较复杂，查阅时有诸多困难，现结合实际工作情况，加工整理了该系统原理检修图，并进行了电路分析，既便于理解系统原理，又便于故障诊断，在装备技术保障工作中具有较好的实用价值。     

景洪市城市发展对气候的影响

利用景洪城郊长期对比观测资料（１９６４－１９９４年），研究了景洪城市发展对气候的影响，结果表明，随着城市的发展，城市热岛现象日趋明显，城郊气温，风速差逐年增大，市区降水量，空气湿度，雾日数，日照时数，直接太阳辐射及总辐射减少趋势明显，而散射辐射有所增加，且城市热岛效应具有明显的季节性，呈现干季强于雨季，干季的夜间强于白天，雨季的白天强于夜间。     

抓好人工增雨防雹工作提高抗御自然灾害能力

关岭布依族苗族自治县位于贵州西南部，是国家级的贫困县之一，底边远少数民族山区县，全县总面积1466km2，辖14个乡（镇）241个村委会，1712个村民组，县境地势自西北东南倾斜，地面切割破碎，相对高差悬殊，最高海拔1850m，最低海拔370m，是典型的立体结构，气候届亚热带温室气候，年平均气温在13．8～186℃，年平均降水量1200～1600mm，热量丰富，雨量充沛，是典型的农业县，全县粮食总产一般在一靠恨公斤左右。但是，受自然灾害，特别是旱灾和雹灾的影响较大，严重时总产减产达到40％，近年来由于生态平衡失调，各种自然灾害频繁，尤其…     

基于数字高程模型的环青海湖地区可能太阳直接辐射的计算

建立了环青海湖地区的数字高程模型（Digital Elevation Model,简称DEM），在此基础上，应用山地气候学理论研究了坡度，坡向，高度，地理位置等对该地区一年内不同季节可能太阳直接辐射（Q）空间分布的影响，结果表明，该地区平均Q值，春季为323KJ.cm^-2，夏季为378．7kJ.cm^-2，秋季为225KJ.cm^-2，冬季为166KJ.cm^2，在研究区域较小时，太阳辐射随高度、纬度的变化不明显，其影响可以忽略不计，而坡度和坡向对Q空间分布的影响是非常明显的，其影响的大小随着一年内时间的不同而不同，对于环青海湖地区而言，冬季影响最大，其次分别为秋季，夏季和春季，区内最大值与最小值的差异冬季达170U.cm^-2，而夏季仅为19KJ.cm^-2，环青海湖地区Q分布特征是，湖南山地小于平均值，湖北山地大于平均值，而湖边平址草地等于平均值。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.