基于空间分析技术的海岛地震灾害风险分析研究

我国约有1.1万个海岛,多处于地震活跃带,地震灾害特征明显,目前地震领域研究主要针对城市展开,海岛地震灾害风险的研究较少。此背景下,该研究收集了海岛地震相关的地质和地震数据,形成海岛地震灾害空间数据库;从地震危险性、承灾体易损性和防震减灾能力3个方面构建海岛地震灾害风险评价指标体系;利用ArcGIS空间分析技术,采用熵权法与AHP法相结合建立海岛地震灾害风险综合评价模型,以长岛县、洞头区和东山县为例进行分析,并将海岛地震灾害风险等级划分为4个等级。结果显示:东山县为地震灾害高风险区,洞头区和长岛县为地震灾害较低风险区。该研究对海岛工程抗震规划与设计有重要意义。     

基于熵权法和灰色关联分析法的海岛地震应急能力评价研究

我国有489个有居民海岛,多处于地震活跃带。提高地震应急能力是减轻地震灾害影响的有效途径,而目前应急相关的研究主要针对城市（区域）展开,尚无针对海岛的地震应急能力评价指标体系。为评估现阶段我国海岛的地震应急能力,该研究在前人基础上,从监测预警能力、应急救援能力、恢复重建能力和自然因素影响4个方面构建了针对海岛的评价指标体系,并建立熵权法-灰色关联分析法海岛地震应急能力评价模型。最后,以我国大陆沿海陆域面积小于200km²的5个海岛县为例进行分析,得到其地震应急能力由高到低依次为嵊泗县、长岛县、长海县、洞头区和南澳县。该研究可为我国海岛地震应急工作的开展和改进提供参考。     

山东“海岛小康社会”加速

<正>在通往全面建设"海岛小康社会"的道路上,山东迈出了一大步。今年3月中旬,山东省海洋与渔业厅公布《山东省无居民海岛使用审批管理暂行办法》、《山东省无居民海岛使用权招标拍卖挂牌出让管理暂行办法》。山东省部分无居民海岛可以通过申请审批、招标、拍卖或者挂牌等方式出让使用权。据悉,山东省管辖海域中共有海岛589个,其中有居民海岛32个,无居民海岛557个。东营市海岛7个,均为无居民海岛,沿海岸线由北向南分别     

硅太阳能电池在无人地震台上的使用

上海台网的浙江横湖、大洋山观测点及佘山地震台等,分别建立在山区和海岛的偏僻地方。台站上的地震仪所记录到的地震信号,通过PTY-8地震遥测设备传送至上海台网记录中心。过去,设备均由地方电网供电。由于农村电网电压变化大,采用电子稳压器来稳定电压是比较困难的。电压的变化会使仪器的工作性能发生变化。尤其是停电时,仪器就被迫中断传输地震信号,这对记录地震资料是不利的。     

西北太平洋海岛地区地震背景噪声特征及海洋学解释

地震背景噪声特性及噪声源的分布研究逐渐成为深化背景噪声层析成像的关键问题.海岛地区由于特殊的地理位置,其背景噪声具有相对独特的特征.地脉动（约0.003~1 Hz）是地震背景噪声中能量最强的分量,其激发与特性被认为与海浪运动和固体地球之间的相互作用有关,但海岛地区地脉动特征与海洋波浪场之间的关系尚未被充分研究.本文利用西北太平洋海岛地震台站的连续记录数据、波浪浮标的实测数据以及WAVEWATCH-Ⅲ海浪模式的数值模拟结果,通过地震学和海洋学的交叉,分析海岛地区地脉动信号的时频特性及其与海洋波浪场之间的相关性,从海洋学角度对地脉动信号的特征及激发进行探讨与解释.结果表明,海岛地区地脉动信号相对于内陆地区更强,并具有明显且稳定的季节性变化特征：高频地脉动信号（0.12~0.32 Hz）在夏秋季节（5月-10月）相对较弱,而在冬春季节（11月-次年4月）相对较强,与北半球海洋活动季节性变化相一致.此外,海岛地区地脉动主要受周边海域波浪场影响,与周边海域波浪能功率密度及实测和数值模拟所得的有效波高均具有很好的互相关性.该研究结果同时表明可进一步发展利用地脉动观测数据反演海表波浪场的可能,为海洋科学研究中海表波浪场连续观测数据的获取提供地震学上的支持.     

江苏地区地震波Q值、场地响应和震源参数研究

<正>随着宽频带数字地震台网的广泛建立,从波形中提取中小地震的震源参数(如地震矩、应力降、震源破裂半径等)逐渐成为台网产出的基本内容,其对地震预测和地震危险性研究都具有重要意义。"十五"项目完成后,江苏台网共有数字地震台站41个(包括13个井下台和1个海岛台),台站基本均匀分布于全省,苏南、苏北地区台站稍密,苏中及沿海地区因松散沉积覆盖层较厚,以井下台站为主,台站也相对稀疏。此外,为了提高对网缘地震的监控能力,还通过SDH行业网从中国地震台网中心回传了河南、山东、安     

基于逐像元方法的2010年花莲地震前热异常分析

使用NCEP提供的气象同化资料,基于逐像元方法分析了2010年2月7日花莲地震前后两个月的地表等压面温度时空变化特征。发现:震前5天在菲律宾板块向欧亚板块移动的前端出现了孤立分布的高温区域,且随着地震的临近,向冲绳海槽和琉球海沟之间的海域移动,增温幅度最高达6℃。此结果与现有的地震热异常时空分布规律一致,表明逐像元方法不仅适用于地形起伏变化较大的内陆地震,在有海岛分布的海洋地震也同样适用。     

抗震减灾日和地震博物馆及地质公园的建设

1 抗震减灾日和地震博物馆、地震地质公园建设目的抗震减灾日和地震博物馆、地震地质公园的建设应具有鲜明特色.减灾日和博物馆、公园建设的主要目的不仅是普及地震科学知识,也不同于地震纪念馆,仅仅是纪念地震遇难同胞和颂扬抗震救灾的英雄事迹,而应全方位展示地震与人类生存发展的关系.     

面向海岛民居抗震性能评估的信息提取方法研究

我国海岛地震灾害特征明显,民居抗震性能评估是海岛防灾规划的重要内容。基于我国海岛民居特征分析,结合抗震性能评估的工作特点,本文总结了海岛民居抗震性能评估的数据需求,并针对需求提出了综合资料分析、现场调研和无人机航摄的数据获取方式,以及利用GIS、BIM和深度学习技术分析数据、提取信息的处理流程与体系,最终形成了面向海岛民居抗震性能评估的信息提取方法。该方法有助于海岛民居抗震性能评估工作,为海岛抗震防灾规划提供参考。     

海陵岛及邻区地质环境与灾害初步探讨

海陵岛及邻区是华南沿海地质环境与灾害较集中和类型较齐全的地区之一。根据野外调查资料,简要地分析了该区地质环境因素中的活动断裂,地震活动、地震裂纹、第四纪沉积与沙土液化、滑坡与崩塌、海面上升与地面沉降、风沙灾害等,这些因素多分布在洋边海周缘和海陵岛南部海岸。这些地区的构造活动性较强,同时也是多组活动断裂相互交切的地方,另外在基岩海岛的岸边,还见有崩塌, 在工程建设中应加以重视。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.