乾陵地震台地电阻率与降雨的关系

利用乾陵地震台地电数字观测资料,分析了该台地电阻率变化与降雨的关系,认为两者之间存在着一定的相关关系,降雨是造成地电阻率突变的主要原因,并且通过相关分析校正较好地剔除了降雨对地电阻率变化的影响。     

陕西周至地电台地电阻率年变特征分析

本文基于测深反演结果, 通过数值模拟定性分析了地下水位和降雨对周至地电台地电阻率观测的影响; 同时利用褶积算法定量分析了降雨对该台NS向和NE向地电阻率观测的短期影响和长趋势影响.结果表明, 周至地电台地电阻率年变主要由地表薄层介质电阻率季节变化引起, 受地下水位变化影响不明显. 降雨对NS向和NE向地电阻率观测值的影响在短期内与观测结果一致, 表现为增加; 但长期趋势则与观测结果呈负相关关系.根据数值模拟分析认为, 这种变化与降雨及其渗透深度有关.分析结果与实际观测结果一致, 为正确认识周至地电台地电阻率观测与异常判定提供合理的理论依据.      

降雨对阳原地震台地电阻率的影响

降雨对阳原地震台地电阻率有较大影响,地电阻率观测曲线下降幅度随着降雨量的增大而增大.经核实,在降雨后,地电阻率的快速下降变化与表层地电阻率下降及大秦铁路有关.地电阻率观测供电时,会有部分电流流向铁轨,造成观测值降低.降雨结束后,随着钢轨与大地的导电性减弱,地电阻率上升恢复.褶积滤波法可有效去除降雨的干扰,显示1991年...     

新疆乌鲁木齐台地电阻率变化及震兆特征

以乌鲁木齐地电阻率观测资料为依据,在展示其变化特征的基础上,对该地电阻率资料异常变化与近区中强地震及部分远区的大地震之间的关系进行了归纳、分析与讨论。对地电阻率前兆异常形态与地震之间的关系进行了探讨。     

甘孜地震台地电阻率观测数据干扰分析

通过对甘孜地震台地电阻率观测数据的分析,发现观测数据会受观测环境、漏电、雷电和降雨等因素的影响而发生变化.对地电阻率观测到的各类干扰数据变化特征进行总结,有助于排除前兆信息中的干扰因素,提高地电阻率观测资料的使用价值,夯实用地电阻率观测资料预测地震的基础.     

代县地电阻率降雨影响及数值模拟

多年观测数据表明,代县地电阻率年变受降雨影响比较显著,通过褶积滤波法获取降雨量对视电阻率的影响值,定量分析降雨与视电阻率的相关性。在此基础上,利用代县地电阻率电测深数据及相关地质资料,建立三维有限元模型,模拟降雨对地电阻率的影响,进一步确定降雨对视电阻率影响的物理机制。结果表明:降雨是造成代县地电阻率年变的主要因素,且与视电阻率呈正相关性;降雨造成表层介质含水饱和度发生变化,使得相应电阻率下降近10倍,从而引起地电阻率年变幅度发生近1/10的改变。     

降雨对大柏舍地电台地电阻率观测的影响

选取大柏舍地电台2011—2019年地电阻率观测数据和降雨量资料,分析降雨对地电阻率观测的影响,利用影响系数理论,对结果进行分析探讨。结果表明,由于大柏舍地电台表层介质影响系数较小且为负值,小幅降雨对该台地电阻率短期影响不明显,仅自然电位差受到干扰;大范围强降雨时,地电阻率和自然电位差均受到影响;因ZD8B仪地电阻率观测系统架空线路漏电,导致EW向分量呈阶降变化,且比用于背景场观测的ZD8M仪变化幅度大。     

井下地电阻率交流观测试验——以江宁台为例

简要介绍地电阻率交流观测的原理及方法,并在江宁台开展井下地电阻率交流观测实验。初步观测结果表明,井下地电阻率交流观测的抗地铁干扰效能优于井下直流观测,且5 Hz的观测要优于1 Hz;井下地电阻率1 Hz、5 Hz交流观测与直流观测反映的相对变化一致性较好,其数值差异不影响地震观测;连续降雨使得交流地电阻率出现下降变化,交流5 Hz比1 Hz更明显,最大下降幅度约0.92%,且连续降雨可能会对地铁干扰起到一定的放大作用;地电阻率交流观测使用趋肤深度来探讨探测深度,由于趋肤深度仅与频率有关,尚需做进一步研究。     

地电阻率与水位关系的机理分析

从地电阻率的观测理论出发, 指出地电阻率场地的电性结构、 岩石的饱和度和孔隙度决定了地电阻率和水位的关系。 在长期的观测资料基础上, 通过实例系统地分析了地电阻率和水位的关系, 给出了不同层位的水位变化和不同方式的水位变化对地电阻率观测结果的影响, 认为非构造水位变化与地电阻率的关系主要取决于表层土壤或岩石的水饱和度, 构造水位变化与地电阻率变化存在明确的相关关系, 从而进一步探讨了与前兆异常有关的水位和地电阻率变化。     

临汾台地电阻率趋势下降有限元数值分析

依据山西省临汾地震台地质资料、岩层电性资料和台站电测深曲线,将该台地下介质电性分布简化为二维电性结构,在此基础上,构建了三维非均匀层状介质有限元模型。三维有限元模型采用水平层状结构,假定浅层三层介质电阻率均匀。依据电测深曲线及水平层状模型,借助地电阻率观测资料获取测区地层电性结构。通过第一层介质电阻率变化模拟了2个测道的浅层介质电阻率变化,分别是测区NS向表层介质电阻率随季节性降雨的变化和EW向浅层介质电阻率随水渠水深的变化。计算结果表明,降雨对地电阻率会造成升高影响,解释了临汾地电年变形态"夏高冬低"的原因;此外,降雨对地电阻率的影响还随深度的增加而增大,同时还与介质均匀性、地质因素等有关。测区附近水渠内水位的加深对电阻率造成的变化很小,认为2010年以来的趋势下降异常跟水渠干扰关系很小。研究结果将会对地电阻率的干扰因素以及可能出现的前兆指示具有重要的意义。     

On the synchronism in the events within the core and on the surface of the earth: the changes in the organic world and in the polarity of the geomagnetic field in the phanerozoic

The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes in the organic world.     

Comparison Between the Nutations of the Planet Mars and the Nutations of the Earth

The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.     

太平洋中部地磁台11年周期变化的研究

综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。     

On the use of the autocorrelation method for estimating the depth to the magnetic basement

The depth to the top of magnetic dykes can be estimated from total field aeromagnetic data using the relation between the depth to magnetic sources and the autocorrelation function of magnetic data. By using synthetic anomalies we show that in the ideal case, depth can be determined to an accuracy of 10% or better, when the anomaly sources are two-dimensional dykes. However, the estimated depths depend on the width of the dykes. The estimated depth is about 0.6 times the actual depth to the top of thin dykes, and around the true depth for thick dykes having width-to-depth ratio around 3. The depth is considerably overestimated for very thick dykes (e.g., contacts, which is a special case of the thick dyke). Thus, the autocorrelation method requires that the width-to-depth ratio of the dyke is estimated independently to correctly estimate the depths. Alternatively, it must be assumed that the width-to-depth ratio for the two-dimensional source body is between 1.5 and 4.     

固体潮的地震预测研究与地球动力学研究之分析比较

本文分析了现行固体潮地震研究中的历史影响,对比研究了固体潮地震预测研究和固体潮地球动力学研究二者在振动频率、振动源体积、传输距离与介质等方面的地球物理特点与本质区别,强调了固体潮地震预测研究中最根本的工作是建立地震预测的目标和基本概念.     

On the Mechanism of the Secular Tidal Acceleration of the Solid Inner Core and the Viscosity of the Liquid Core

As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10 ³ Poise     

Macrobenthic communities of the Pechora Sea: the past and the present on the threshhold of the prirazlomnoye oil-field exploitation

On data of bottom sampling, carried out by means of grab, trawl and underwater photography in August–September of 1993 in the area of the Pechora Sea, quantitative regularities of macrobenthos distribution are described for the ecological monitoring purposes. Maps of -biodiversity and biomass indices, bottom communities and trophic zones, singled out by dominant method, are presented. Assessment of structure changes of the investigated area bottom communities during the last 60–70 years is fulfilled. It is shown that the described communities on the whole are of natural undisturbed character and that the revealed changes are within the natural fluctuations in the abundance of benthic populations or may be interpreted in terms of methodical differences in the data analysis and generalization by different authors.     

动水压力对深水桥墩地震响应影响的研究综述

地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.     

环太平洋俯冲带内双地震带及其成因机制研究进展

俯冲带作为地球最为庞大的循环系统的重要组成部分,已成为地球科学的研究热点之一.很多俯冲带,特别是环太平洋俯冲带内的中深源地震,在空间上呈明显的分层分布,并且各层地震具有不同的震源机制,即所谓的双地震带现象.本文简要介绍了环太平洋双地震带形态特征与震源机制的空间分布,并回顾了双地震带的几种成因模型.根据形态特征和震源机制的差异,中源深度的双地震带可以分为两类,其中,一类双地震带对应上、下二层分别为压缩和张性的地震分布;另一类双地震带的震源分布较浅,且其浅部地震以横向压缩为主.此外,日本本州东北俯冲带的地震分布可能是由三层地震带组成的,而且汤加、伊豆-小笠原地区还发现深源深度的双地震带.通过对双地震带的形态特征以及其热力学条件的研究,人们从抗弯作用、脱水脆化、相变断层等多方面,尝试建立解释双地震带成因的模型.目前,大多数研究利用数值计算结果,结合蛇纹石脱水脆化、相变断层模型,能够不同程度地分别解释中源和深源双地震带成因.不过,这些模型几乎相互独立,并不能同时解释中源和深源双地震带.有人试图尝试用统一模型解释中深源地震成因,例如,先前存在的断层模型,不过该模型还不很具有说服力.也可能是多种因素的联合作用,共同影响着俯冲板内的温度场、应力场分布.