岷县、漳县交界6.6级地震长波辐射异常分析

本文通过涡度方法、时频分析等方法,研究了岷县漳县6.6级地震前,震中区域(102.50°E~105.50°E,33.50°N~37.50°N)红外遥感OLR时空分布特征,结果显示:(1)岷县漳县6.6级地震前震中区域涡度场存在显著增强的异常现象;(2)震中区格点OLR涡度值时序曲线一般情况下随机波动,但在震前存在明显异常变化,其时频结果也显示在地震前存在能量密度增强现象,异常期间谱结构不断变化。     

2015年阿拉善左旗5.8级地震前长波辐射异常研究*

通过涡度、距平、小波变换和时频分析等方法,研究了2015年4月15日阿拉善左旗5.8级地震前,震区(37.50°~43.50°N,103.50°~109.50°E)长波辐射(OLR)时空分布特征。结果显示:①2015年4月去除背景值之后的OLR涡度场在震中附近存在明显高值异常区;② 震中附近格点(39.50°N,105.50°E)和(40.50°N,107.50°E)OLR涡度日值超过二倍均方差频次在震前非线性增加;③ 基于自适应最优核的时频分析方法获得的上述两个格点OLR涡度时频分布图显示震前存在高能量密度区域;④ 本文获得的现象和汶川8.0级地震等震例结果相类似,值得深入研究。     

川滇地区长波辐射场变化与地震活动关系研究

2007年6月3日宁洱6.3级地震发生之前, 在川滇地区(20°～35°N, 95°～110°E)出现了一次显著的OLR短期和临震的异常增强现象。 对该区多年来OLR场的连续变化分析表明, 这种增强现象在强震多发年与平静年有明显的差异, 其中在地震多发年OLR数值场不仅为正距平, 而且震前短期大多增强幅度大; 而在地震平静年OLR数值场变化则多为负距平且波动小。 上述结果对今后应用卫星遥感长波辐射信息跟踪监视和预测强震有启示性意义。     

芦山7.0级地震长波辐射异常分析

分析2013年2-5月芦山地震震中区域长波辐射涡度场空间演化特征,结果显示,在芦山7．0级地震前存在涡度场明显增强的异常现象,2009-2013年同期并未出现。这一震例再次证明,在部分大震前OLR存在异常增强的变化。     

芦山7.0级地震长波辐射异常分析

分析2013年2—5月芦山地震震中区域长波辐射涡度场空间演化特征,结果显示,在芦山7.0级地震前存在涡度场明显增强的异常现象,2009—2013年同期并未出现。这一震例再次证明,在部分大震前OLR存在异常增强的变化。     

2010—2016年南北地震带岩石圈磁场变化分析

利用小波分解对2010—2016年南北地震带(21°N—37°N,97°E—109°E)区域6期岩石圈磁场年变化数据进行处理,并对2011年6月以来该区域发生的M_S≥5.0强震震中区的岩石圈磁场变化空间分布及时间演化特征进行了系统分析。结果显示:震级与岩石圈磁场ΔX,ΔY,ΔZ分量变化的相关系数分别为0.26,-0.26,0.15,即二者无显著相关性;震中处岩石圈磁场分量变化的最大幅值分别为18.46,14.98,-15.54 nT。对岩石圈磁场变化进行小波分解的结果表明:MS7.0地震前两年出现显著基底异常,其尺度可能达到上千千米;M_S6.0地震前一年也出现显著基底异常,但异常尺度较小;M_S5.0地震前尚未观测到明确的基底或中层异常。     

文安地震前华北区域长波辐射场的异常特征分析

利用NOAA/IR极轨卫星所获取并发布的热红外长波辐射(OLR)月平均网格数据信息(空间分辨率为2.5°×2.5°),采用涡度处理方法,在对华北地区OLR多年背景场分布特征分析的基础上,详细研究了2006年7月4日河北文安5.1级地震前华北地区OLR的短期异常演化特征。结果显示,华北地区OLR正常背景场变化较为平稳,但在文安地震之前这种平稳均一的分布格局发生了变化,主要表现为在地震发生之前2个月,在震中附近出现了OLR的显著增强异常现象。结合以往开展的大量的震例分析结果,显示出这种震前的异常演化特征具有广泛的普适性。这一认识的取得对于开展华北地区地震短临预报应用研究具有一定的现实意义。     

汶川8.0级大地震的长波辐射征象

文中分析了汶川8.0级地震发生前, 卫星遥感射出长波辐射(OLR)信息场的中期(年)、 短期(月)和临震(日)时空分布及变化特征。 通过计算发现该地震震中区附近的OLR信息有异常增强的现象, 这种现象可作为诊断强震蕴育地区的一种指征。     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震的卫星热红外前兆特征分析

以卫星热红外遥感产品的两种参数——长波辐射强度(OLR)(月际资料)和亮度温度(日际资料)为基础,对2001年11月14日昆仑山口西8．1级地震前后的卫星热红外变化特征进行了分析．结果表明,在8．1级地震发生前一个月长波辐射强度(OLR)出现增强异常;震前6～7天出现亮度温度的增强,异常现象在空间分布上呈现为条带状,与震中区的构造分布一致。     

强震前地气系统长波辐射(OLR)异常的成因

本文针对2008年1月9日发生在西藏阿里地区的改则6.9级地震,分析了卫星遥感我国西部地区长波辐射(OLR)信息场的月际和日际变化特征,研究了临震前震中区附近长波辐射的显著增强与其所处大气压力变化的同步关联现象,认为震前长波辐射异常征象的成因可能源自大气而非地热,临震前的大气压力增强是改则6.9级地震发生的诱触发因素,而长波辐射变化信息可作为表征大气诱触发地震动力的一个重要指征物理量.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.