机械连接预应力实心方桩承台节点抗震性能试验研究

预应力管桩在高烈度抗震设防地区已禁用,而普通钢筋混凝土方桩成本较高。首先针对卡扣式机械连接预应力混凝土实心方桩、PHC管桩和普通钢筋混凝土方桩与承台处的节点进行拟静力试验,并利用试验数据针对Park-Ang损伤模型进行了修正,进行了损伤指数分析。研究结果表明:预应力方桩比普通钢筋混凝土方桩的抗裂性能明显好,而预应力混凝土实心方桩承台节点耗能能力和延性低于预应力管桩和普通钢筋混凝土方桩;截桩施工导致桩端部损失部分预应力,相比较未截桩试件屈服荷载和极限荷载均减小,节点裂缝开展较早,损伤较未截桩试件严重;增配普通钢筋试件的滞回曲线比较饱满,水平承载能力和位移延性得到提升,节点抗震性能得到提升与改善;预应力混凝土实心方桩损伤前期较小,而一旦发生损伤后,损伤指数发展较快。     

地震作用下预应力混凝土管桩运动响应三维数值分析

基于黏弹性人工边界,建立上部结构-桩-土的共同作用三维有限元模型,分析地震作用下预应力混凝土管桩的运动响应特性。分别针对预应力混凝土管桩的桩径、双层软硬土剪切波速比值、上覆土层厚度、上部结构荷载等影响因素进行数值计算。参数分析表明:在地震作用下,桩径的增大会导致桩身整体弯矩相应增加,特别是桩身土层分界面处增大明显;软硬土层剪切波速比及上覆土层厚度的增加,引起土层分界面处桩身峰值弯矩增加;固定桩头条件下,桩头与桩身软硬土层分界面处均会产生较大的运动弯矩;上部结构的惯性荷载对固定桩头的内力有着较大影响,对桩身深处段弯矩影响较小。本文研究结论可为预应力混凝土管桩抗震设计提供有益的理论参考。     

卡扣式机械连接预应力实心方桩承台节点累积损伤研究

预应力混凝土管桩抗拔性能和抗剪性能较差,目前在高烈度抗震设防地区已禁止使用。首先介绍了一种新桩型-卡扣式机械连接预应力混凝土实心方桩,然后针对卡扣式机械连接预应力混凝土实心方桩与承台处节点进行试验研究,同时对管桩和普通方桩进行了试验研究。通过低周反复试验,结合已经成熟的累积损伤模型,对方桩-承台节点的的累积损伤进行研究,并对不同因素作用下的节点累积损伤进行分析。研究结果表明:随着位移的增加,试件的耗能几乎呈线性增加;高轴压比试件比轴压比较小的试件耗能要多,但是轴压比越大,极限位移也越小;破桩节点和未破桩节点的耗能能力大致相等;增配普通钢筋确实能够提高节点的耗能能力,改善节点的性能,方桩节点在临近破坏的时候,裂缝在不断发展,增配普通钢筋有利于预应力方桩节点损伤的发展。研究成果为卡扣式机械连接混凝土实心方桩的后期改进和应用推广提供可靠的依据。     

稳态机械阻抗法动测规律的应用研究

利用改进的复合平面应变轴对称的Ｂ－Ｎ法，计算得到了桩顶动力复刚度公式，并通过计算机分析得到完整桩、缩颈桩、断桩、离析桩、扩颈桩的速度导纳曲线规律及动刚度的变化规律，并结合实例对其应用作了说明．     

模型桩低应变反射波法曲线研究

根据基桩低应变检测的基本原理,对于大型模拟缺陷桩低应变反射波法曲线进行了分析,以便在解释反射波法曲线时作为借鉴,提高基桩质量检测的可靠度。     

低应变反射波法在基桩检测中的应用实例及一些问题的探讨

根据应力波理论，介绍了用低应变反射波法在桩身完整性检测中的几个应用实例，并对检测中的一些问题作了探讨。     

在役桥梁桩基础低应变反射波法检测试验研究

低应变反射波法检测桩身完整性通常是在桩顶自由的情况下进行的,通过改进其检测方法,研究低应变反射波法检测在役桥梁桩基础完整性的可靠性。文中选取桥梁下部结构常用的单排双柱式墩、桩基础进行现场试验,采用不同激振方式和信号接收位置对在役桥梁桩基的低应变反射波法进行试验研究,且与桩顶自由时桩基完整性检测结果进行对比。根据试验结果及相关分析,各试验方案的实测曲线形态与理论分析具有较好的一致性,在现场试验中具有较好的效果,为在役桥梁桩基完整性检测提供了一种手段。     

反射波法检测桩的完整性、中断桩的识别与解释

结合反射波法检测桩的完整性的工程实例，对打入预制桩和夯扩灌注桩的断桩类型的识别、解释及其可能的形成原因作了分析归纳。     

单速度低应变法检测既有桩基的应用研究

在新建建筑桩基单速度低应变法的基础上,结合实际工程,采用单速度低应变法对既有建筑桩基桩身完整性检测进行分析研究得出,单速度低应变法能够较好地检测既有桩基的完整性,可为以后类似工程提供借鉴意义。     

地震动对锚索桩的响应特性研究

汶川地震震害调查表明使用预应力锚索的桩板墙变形协调性好,抗震性能高,但目前在预应力锚索桩板墙的抗震设计理论研究方面仍比较落后。鉴于此,利用FLAC3D对预应力锚索桩板墙的地震响应特征进行研究,包括桩身土压力分布、桩身变位及锚索内锚段应力的动力响应特性等,并通过改变地震动参数进行多种工况的分析,系统研究地震动参数对桩-土-锚动力耦合相互作用规律的影响。研究成果可加强对预应力锚索桩板墙抗震表现的认识,也为深化抗震机理研究提供可靠的依据。     

桩基瞬态动测响应的数学模型及基本特性

根据桩在瞬态激振方式下的阻尼波动方程,本文分别给出端承柱与浮承桩的振动初始条件和边界条件,并导出了两类桩瞬态动测响应的数学模型.通过与试验桩实测响应的对比,证明所建立的数学模型是正确的.文中还分析和讨论了桩的瞬态动测响应的五个基本特性,为动力测桩的参数估计提供了较严格的理论依据.     

基桩桩身完整性检测中的影响因素浅析

近年来,桩基础的广泛应用带动了检测技术的进一步发展,基桩检测技术也越来越受到人们的重视.本文从反射波理论出发介绍了反射波法的基本原理,指出了桩身完整性的判定标准,并系统的分析了基桩检测中的多种影响因素.本文通过分析和总结,指出了反射法测桩存在的不足,并提出了相应的注意事项及解决办法.     

Centrifuge modelling of raked piles

Inclined piles are prohibited by many codes in seismic areas. Nevertheless the battered effect has not yet been clarified because very few data are available. The present work is a comparison, at reduced scale in the centrifuge, of the response of two simplified pile groups: a 1 × 2 vertical piles and 1 × 2 pile group with one inclined pile. Two configurations are considered: end-bearing and floating pile group, both with pile heads rigidly fixed with a massive cap. First, repeatability tests under horizontal cyclic loading were performed on both floating pile groups. Secondly, repeated horizontal impact tests were performed on both end-bearing pile groups. These impact tests, which highlight the influence of inclined piles on the inertial response of a group, are a first step for the more complex analysis of the performance of such groups under seismic loads where inertial and kinematic interactions are combined. The first part of this work revealed the influence of sand structure around the inclined pile tip on the repeatability of the tests performed on floating pile groups. The second part highlighted differences in the dynamic response between the two end-bearing pile groups through measurements of the pile cap acceleration, the bending moment profile and the axial load in the piles.     

考虑强震激励的某核岛厂房非岩性地基不同处理方案的对比研究

如何选取非岩性地基的处理方案对于不满足抗震适应性要求的核岛厂房地基而言具有重要的工程实用价值。结合国内某内陆核电不符合抗震适应性要求的实际厂址条件,给出地基处理方案评价的数值计算模型及分析过程。首先针对该核电工程实际项目,提出嵌岩桩、CFG桩及水泥土搅拌桩三种地基预处理方案,并以规范法验证处理后地基的承载力要求;进而通过建立非岩性地基条件下的桩-土-结构动力相互作用计算模型来综合考虑各方案对核岛厂房的地震响应影响,其中通过引入黏性人工边界和能量传递边界模拟无限地基辐射阻尼效应,采用等效线性法描述近场地基非线性特征,并基于上述有限元模型以全耦合方式考虑群桩效应的影响;最后从满足厂址地基适应性和经济效益两方面进行综合评价,给出针对本工程的最佳设计方案。该分析方法及研究成果可为类似条件下的核岛厂房非岩性地基处理方案的比选问题提供借鉴与参考。     

Investigation of a cyclic laterally loaded model pile group

In certain regions of the world, designing deep foundations to withstand seismic loading is a reality. Seismic loading of structures and foundations reaches its most critical state as a cyclic lateral force. The response of soils and foundations to repetitive lateral forces is highly complex, relegating most design methods to be based upon overly conservative rules-of-thumb. The primary objective of this research was to analyze the mechanics of seismic loading on pile groups in clay soils. To achieve this a model testing facility was constructed to house a fully instrumented 1×5 model pile group that was subjected to cyclic lateral loading. An empirically based method for pile group design is suggested based upon the results generated from model pile group testing.     

桩土共同作用下桩长对结构抗震性能影响分析

桩基础是松软深厚地基上高层建筑的主要基础形式,其长度直接影响高层建筑的抗震性能。尽管桩基础有较广的应用范围,但桩长与结构整体抗震性能的相关性研究还颇为少见。根据上海某高层建筑地基基础结构数据建立软土地基上桩基础高层建筑平面动力有限元计算模型,以横观各向同性材料模拟软土地基,弹性阻尼人工边界模拟地基半无限体,薄膜单元模拟桩土间接触滑移性能,并考虑桩-土-结构共同作用,采用上海地铁某车站地震监测数据作为地震波输入,在其他条件不变的情况下选择各种桩长进行计算,根据计算结果分析讨论在该模型条件下桩长选择对上部结构以及桩基础整体抗震性能的影响,提出优化方案。     

Nonlinear analysis for dynamic lateral pile response

An analysis of pile lateral response to transient dynamic loading and to harmonic loading is presented allowing for nonlinear soil behavior, discontinuity conditions at the pile-soil interface and energy dissipation through different types of damping. Furthermore, the effect of neighbouring piles is taken into account for piles in a group. The validity of the approach was examined and a reasonable agreement with field tests and more rigorous solutions was found. Equivalent linear stiffness and damping parameters of single piles and interaction factors for approximate nonlinear analysis are presented.     

水平荷载作用下PCC桩群桩效应数值分析

采用三维弹塑性有限元方法,研究了PCC桩群桩在水平荷载作用下的工作性状。比较了PCC桩群桩和等截面实心圆形桩群桩的水平承载力和群桩效率,得到了PCC桩纵、横向群桩效应的临界桩距;分析了桩距、桩数、桩顶约束条件对PCC桩群桩效率的影响。研究表明,PCC单桩和群桩的水平承载力都较等截面实心圆桩大;PCC桩纵、横向群桩效应的临界桩距分别约为外径的7.4倍和2.8倍;桩距愈小、桩数愈多,PCC桩群桩效率愈小,当设计桩距小于临界桩距时,应考虑群桩效应;PCC桩桩顶固接或铰接时,弯矩分布和承载力差异较大,设计中可以通过改变桩顶的约束条件来协调桩身受力性状。     

Nonlinear lateral interaction in pile dynamics

A model for pile lateral response to transient dynamic loading and to harmonic loading is presented allowing for nonlinear soil behaviour, discontinuity conditions at the pile-soil interface and energy dissipation through different types of damping. The approach is used to establish equivalent linear stiffness and damping parameters of single piles as well as dynamic interaction factors for approximate nonlinear analysis of pile groups. The applicability of these parameters to the pile-group analysis was examined, and a reasonable agreement with the direct analysis was found. The superposition technique may be used to analyze the response of small pile groups. Also, the dynamic stiffness of pile groups is greatly affected by both the nonlinear behavior of the soil and the slippage and gapping between the pile and soil. For a basic range of soil and pile parameters, equivalent linear stiffness and damping parameters of single piles and interaction factors for approximate nonlinear analysis are provided.     

SOIL–PILE–BRIDGE SEISMIC INTERACTION: KINEMATIC AND INERTIAL EFFECTS. PART I: SOFT SOIL

A substructuring method has been implemented for the seismic analysis of bridge piers founded on vertical piles and pile groups in multi-layered soil. The method reproduces semi-analytically both the kinematic and inertial soil–structure interaction, in a simple realistic way. Vertical S-wave propagation and the pile-to-pile interplay are treated with sufficient rigor, within the realm of equivalent-linear soil behaviour, while a variety of support conditions of the bridge deck on the pier can be studied with the method. Analyses are performed in both frequency and time domains, with the excitation specified at the surface of the outcropping (‘elastic’) rock. A parameter study explores the role of soil–structure interaction by elucidating, for typical bridge piers founded on soft soil, the key phenomena and parameters associated with the interplay between seismic excitation, soil profile, pile–foundation, and superstructure. Results illustrate the potential errors from ignoring: (i) the radiation damping generated from the oscillating piles, and (ii) the rotational component of motion at the head of the single pile or the pile-group cap. Results are obtained for accelerations of bridge deck and foundation points, as well as for bending moments along the piles. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.