广西栗木锡钨铌钽矿床岩浆液态不混溶作用及其与矿化的关系

锡钨多金属矿化多与Li-F碱长花岗岩有关,其岩浆演化晚期常发生较大规模的液态分异作用。广西栗木锡钨铌钽矿与成矿有关的岩体包括肉红色中粒碱长花岗岩以及顶部的白色细粒碱长花岗岩。矿化产于碱长花岗岩顶部附近,主要矿化类型包括花岗岩型钨锡铌钽矿化、似伟晶岩型钨矿化、长石石英脉型钨矿化和石英脉型钨锡矿化。碱长花岗岩中存在大量岩浆液态不混溶现象,包括矿囊、似伟晶岩和细晶岩等。地质地球化学研究发现,岩浆液态不混溶作用贯穿于栗木碱长花岗岩分异演化的全过程,矿囊代表岩体中富含钨锡和挥发份的岩浆,岩体顶部的似伟晶岩和细晶岩是碱长花岗岩岩浆分异的结果。在岩浆液态不混溶作用过程中,W、Sn、Nb、Ta等成矿元素以及挥发份不断富集,形成岩浆岩型、长英质脉型以及石英脉型矿化。不同类型的矿化对应岩浆液态不混溶作用的不同阶段,由此建立了栗木矿床岩浆液态不混溶的成矿演化模型。     

燕山花岗岩演化与铀矿化富集——对华南一些含铀岩体成岩成矿关系探讨

华南一些含铀岩体产于我国著名的钨,锡,铌,钽成矿带中;在区域上是吻合的,但在具体产出部位上,含铀岩体又往往与这些矿种的含矿岩体有一定距离。在成矿时间上,出现有规律的阶段性,钨矿的同位素年龄值为140-180百万年(以155-178百万年为主);铌,钽矿为132-140百万年;铀矿为70-90百万年。这种时,空的可分性也反映到演化特点上。众所周知,燕山花岗岩总的演化趋势是富硅,偏碱,少铁,少钙,铝过饱和以及挥发份含量逐步增高。但在这总的演化趋势下,含铀岩体往往是位于笔者所认为的钾质演化区,而钨,锡,铌,钽含矿岩体则位于钠质演化区,两种演化区有不同的演化特点和不同的成岩——成     

南岭地区钨锡铌钽花岗岩及其成矿作用

在晚侏罗世时,南岭地区发生了与花岗岩有关的钨锡铌钽大规模成矿作用。依据花岗岩的岩石学、地球化学及其矿化特征,可将南岭地区含钨锡铌钽花岗岩划分为三个主要类型：含钨花岗岩、含锡钨花岗岩和含钽铌花岗岩。含钨花岗岩的地球化学特征可归纳为铝过饱和,低Ba+Sr 和TiO2,轻重稀土比值低,铕亏损强烈,富Y 和Rb,Rb/Sr 比值高,分异强烈。含锡钨花岗岩总体特征表现为TiO2 含量高,准铝质—弱过铝质,轻重稀土比值和CaO/(K2O+Na2O)比值高,富高场强元素、稀土、Ba+Sr 和Rb,低Rb/Sr 比值,分异演化程度较低。含钽铌花岗岩的地球化学特征主要为TiO2 含量和CaO/(K2O+Na2O)比值低,Al2O3/TiO2 和Rb/Sr 比值明显偏高,强过铝质,贫Ba+Sr、稀土和高场强元素,铕亏损强烈,明显富Rb 和Nb,高度分异演化。三类含矿花岗岩具有明显不同的演化特征,成矿作用与它们的演化密切相关。黑云母花岗岩主要与锡成矿作用有关,二云母花岗岩和白云母花岗岩主要产生钨矿化或锡钨共生矿化,钠长石花岗岩主要与钽铌或锡（钨）钽铌矿化有关。总结了南岭锡钨钽铌矿床的重要类型,提出了绿泥石化花岗岩型锡矿新类型,指出南岭地区要特别注意在含锡钨花岗岩中寻找此类锡矿和云英岩- 石英脉型锡钨矿。     

某铀钨矿床中钨矿化特征及其成因研究

铀钨矿床是一种新矿床类型。其主要矿物是白钨矿和沥青铀矿，它们既有共生，也有伴生。钨以白钨矿细脉、分散状微粒白钨矿和吸附状等形式产出。钨与铀的成矿过程可划分为六个阶段。矿岩时差较大。钨来源于已固结的花岗石，它是由地下热水或热卤水从已固结的花岗岩中浸取出来的。钨（铀）矿化是在低温条件下，在有利的构造岩性中沉淀富集而成的，不是岩浆热液矿床     

3701铀矿床地质特征及其热液叠加改造成矿作用

本文在介绍3701铀矿床的地质特征、矿石物质成分和稳定同位素组成等研究结果基础上,论述了该矿床的成因。3701铀矿床赋存在L花岗岩体外接触带泥盆系灰岩中。花岗岩的黑云母钾-氩法年龄为318-202Ma,矿床的矿化年龄(沥青铀矿铀-铅法年龄)为65.0—30.75Ma,矿岩时差超过137Ma。矿床的热液矿化特征明显。成矿温度约100—300℃,属中、低温热液矿化。矿床的近矿围岩蚀变较弱。矿床的稳定同位素研究结果表明,成矿物质是多源的,其中硫、碳主要来自围岩,铀、铅主要来自花岗岩。矿液水以大气降水为主。铀背景值较低(3.12ppm)的成矿围岩,汲取了从花岗岩中淋出的含铀水体中的铀。被燕山期,喜山期构造运动加热了的地下水汲取围岩中的铀等成矿物质,在角砾岩带等地段沉淀成矿,因此该矿床属多矿源热液叠加改造成因。在两次铀矿化间隔期间,早期矿体曾遭受地下水的改造。     

南岭钨锡花岗岩的地质特征及成矿作用

南岭钨锡花岗岩按主要成矿金属可分为钨成矿花岗岩,钨锡铌钽成矿花岗岩,钨锡多金属成矿花岗岩和锡成矿花岗岩。中生代是本区钨锡花岗岩的主要成矿时代。各类钨锡花岗岩的地质、地球化学特性反映了它们相互之间成因上的区别和联系。本区钨锡花岗岩的成岩成矿作用特征是:①复式岩体分异完善多期多阶段成岩晚期成矿型,②复式岩株活动频繁多阶段成岩多阶段成矿型,岩浆杂岩组合酸性花岗岩成矿型,④火山—侵入作用的次火山—斑岩成矿型,⑤深成混合岩化花岗岩化超变质岩区花岗岩浆高侵位斑岩成矿型,⑥古老花岗岩体成矿型。钨锡花岗岩的地质和成矿作用特征是与其所处的大地构造环境的区域地质构造性质息息相关。     

锡石含钽性对预测隐伏钽铌花岗岩的指示意义

锡(有时是钨)矿化与钽铌矿化在空间上的联系,在找矿中已引起重视.目前已知的钽铌花岗岩型矿床,总是分布在锡(或钨)矿成矿区内,并常见有一种固定的分带性,表现在:钽铌矿化产于岩体顶部,而锡(或钨)矿化常出现在岩体附近或岩体顶部外接触带的脉体中.根据这一规律,研究锡石(或黑钨矿)的含钽性,对预测隐伏含钽铌花岗岩,在普查找矿中有着极其重要的意义.本文是根据作者在某一矿区进行钽铌花     

广西栗木锡多金属矿床锆石和锡石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

年代学研究是花岗岩型稀有金属矿床研究的重要内容,多种定年方法的联合有助于对岩浆演化及稀有金属元素富集成矿过程的精细刻画。论文选择栗木矿区具代表性的金竹源、老虎头和水溪庙花岗岩型钨锡铌钽矿床和（长石）石英脉型钨锡矿床,进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb和LA-MC-ICP-MS锡石U-Pb年代学研究。结果显示,老虎头细粒铁锂云母钠长石花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为（216.3±1.7）Ma,长石石英脉型钨锡矿床锡石UPb年龄为（210.1±4.9）Ma;两件金竹源花岗岩型钨锡铌钽矿床锡石U-Pb年龄分别为（219.6±1.5）Ma和（219.9±2.2）Ma,石英脉型钨锡矿床锡石U-Pb年龄为（217.3±3.2）Ma;水溪庙长石石英脉型钨锡矿床锡石U-Pb年龄为（210.7±2.5）Ma。本次研究可以看出,金竹源花岗岩的成岩年龄与花岗岩型钨锡铌钽矿床及石英脉型钨锡矿床的成矿年龄间隔较小,表明含矿花岗岩可能在较短时间内经历了岩浆冷凝结晶、富集成矿和热液锡矿化过程,是短暂矿化事件的产物,而非以往认为的岩浆-热液长时间演化的结果。同时,基于不同测年方法的对比结果显示,在含锡花岗岩中,锡石年龄既能代...     

我国南方燕山期不同矿化花岗岩的判别

在我国南方,广泛发育各种酸性岩浆侵入体,蕴藏着丰富的稀土、稀有和放射性元素等矿产资源。找矿勘探及地质研究证明,其中大部分与燕山期花岗岩体有密切关系。实际情况是只有部分燕山期花岗岩体中,上述有用元素能富集成矿,而在更多的燕山期花岗岩体中,并未发现有工业价值的矿床。铌钽矿化与钨矿化可在一地存在,也可在不同岩体中出现,但铌钽矿化、钨矿化与铀矿化经常不在一地。上述现象纯属偶然的巧合,还是某种内在联系的反映呢?含矿花岗岩与不含矿的花岗岩在化学元素组合上有没有差异?研究这个问题对今后的找矿和勘探显然是有重要意义的。     

湖南邓阜仙岩体和锡田岩体的地球化学及成矿差异性对比

湖南邓阜仙岩体和锡田岩体紧密相邻,均位于茶陵县境内。前者产有石英脉型钨矿床及岩体型铌钽矿床;后者则产有以锡为主的多种类型钨锡多金属矿床。本文旨在通过对两岩体地球化学特征及成矿年代学的对比,探讨其对邓阜仙     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.