重庆安稳地区地下水质量综合评价及可靠性分析

选用总硬度、总溶解性固体、硫酸盐、氯化物等8个污染因子作为评价因子,以GB／T14848—93《地下水质量标准》为评价标准,分别用模糊综合评价法、确定型模糊联立评价方法和灰色关联度分析法,对安稳地区地下水进行质量评价,并对评价结果进行可靠性分析,结果表明安稳地区地下水水质良好,基本能够满足生产、生活的要求。     

基于GIS的地下水资源分区研究及承载本底评价

地下水资源承载本底与自然属性密切相关,地下水资源分区是评价地下水资源承载本底的重要基础工作。文章以新一轮地下水资源评价成果和主要平原盆地、部分省（区市）地下水资源最新调查评价成果为基础,综合地形地貌、构造单元、气候分带、地表水流域、含水层介质等多项指标,把地表水和地下水看作一个整体,将全国划分为26个一级区、143个二级区、412个三级区。通过将地下水资源分区与县级行政区划耦合确定了4 942个计算单元,利用地下水可开采模数指标,实现了地下水资源承载本底评价由以自然单元的评价到县级行政单元的成果表达,从而建立了地下水资源承载本底评价空间数据基础,可服务于地下水资源承载能力动态评价和地下水合理开发利用与管理。地下水资源承载本底结果显示:我国地下水资源承载本底总体表现出平原盆地区为中-高水平,北方干旱区为低水平,区域差异性较大。承载本底等级为高、较高、中、较低、低的县（区、市）分别为774,332,798,387,573个,面积占比分别为11.15%、5.87%、19.56%、12.09%、52.34%,基本反映出我国地下水资源禀赋条件和区域分布规律。     

长江三角洲江苏地区浅层地下水质量评价

以地下水采样、样品测试资料为基础,按照《地下水质量标准（GBPT14848～1993）》,对长江三角洲江苏地区地下水质量状况进行客观的评价。全区大部分地区浅层地下水质量较差,其中经济发达、工业密集城市及乡镇受污染较为严重,工作区内影响浅层地下水质量的主要指标有碘、钠、氯化物、溶解性总固体、总硬度、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐等。结合区内不同水文地质单元分区,对浅层地下水质量分布规律进行分析,初步论述浅层地下水质受水文地质单元分区影响的原因。提出改善与保护地下水资源及合理开发利用地下水的对策与建议。     

关于水资源综合评价问题

近年来,通过对不同自然单元的地下水资源评价,在区域地下水资源和总水资源的评价方面取得了一些经验,然而,对于水资源综合评价的原则和方法,还存在不同认识。为了更     

疏勒河流域中下游三大盆地地下水潜力评价

地下水潜力评价是资源评价的重要内容之一。本文浅析了全国地下水资源及环境问题调查评价技术要求的地下水潜力的概念和方法,以水文地质盆地为地下水系统单元,对疏勒河流域中下游三大盆地———玉门踏实、安西敦煌和花海盆地地下水潜力进行了评价,分别分析了3个盆地地下水开采潜力、利用潜力的方向,并计算各潜力大小、潜力系数级别、潜力模数大小,为疏勒河流域盆地地下水资源的开发利用、管理和调配提供了科学依据。     

应用双指数法评价地下水质量的探讨——以贵阳市原行政单元为例

双指数法属综合指数评价法之一,强调参评因子的权重对地下水水质综合评价指数的贡献度,并计算参评因子质量分指数的方差,形成对综合质量指数的补充。以《地下水质量标准》(GB/T14848-93)中各类地下水水质标准为基础,按计算的地下水水质综合质量指数和方差划分地下水污染等级,客观地反映出地下水质量状况,具有很强的实际意义,应用在贵阳市市原行政单元内的地下水质量评价中,取得了较好的效果。     

综合指数法和模糊综合法在地下水质量评价中的对比——以遵义市为例

综合指数法和模糊综合评价法在地下水质量评价中被广泛应用。岩溶地区地下水环境脆弱,潜在污染来源复杂。为了更好地了解综合指数法和模糊综合法在岩溶地下水评价中的应用效果,本文以贵州省遵义市为例,利用这两种方法分别对该市具有代表性的9个地下水点水质进行评价和对比分析。结果显示:遵义市浅层地下水水质总体较好,Ⅲ类及Ⅲ类以上水占33 %,但个别区域地下水水质很差,主要为NO2-、NH4+、Mn、Na+、Cl-、SO42-、溶解性总固体、总硬度(CaCO3)和Se等超标;两种方法评价结果一致的共有6个水点,均属Ⅱ类水质,结果不一致的3个水点,在综合指数法中全为Ⅳ类水,而在模糊综合评价中则是Ⅲ类水1个,Ⅴ类水两个。出现差异的主要原因是综合指数法在综合分值计算中过于强调单项指标最大值的作用和未考虑参评指标的权重,而模糊综合法则很好地克服了这些不足,精细地刻画出指标值对水质分级界限的接近程度并量化了所有指标对地下水水质的影响权重。可见,地下水水质评价中,模糊综合法要明显优于综合指数法。      

对淮河流域平原地区总水资源分析估算的一些设想

一、问题的提出众所周知,作为一个流域的总水资源,它包含了地表水资源和地下水资源两个组成部分,这两部分资源既相互影响,又相互转化,因此,孤立地研究这两部分资源,采用简单相加的办法,不能对流域总水资源作出正确的评价。现以淮河流域平原地区为例,提出我们对这个问题的一些看法,供参考、讨论。二、地下水开发利用前流域总水资源的计算地下水开发利用前,流域总水资源     

山东淄博市地下水资源评价及其合理开发利用研究

本文采用有限单元法进行地下水资源评价以解决评价区供水面积大、精度要求高的矛盾。首先根据实际的开采量和长期观测孔的水位资料,校正数学模型,反求有关参数;然后给定开采方案进行未来水头的预测;最后研究地下水资源的合理开发利用问题。利用有限单元法进行水源地或单一含水层的地下水资源评价已被证明是先进的、有效的。本文是对水文地质条件非常复杂的大面积的区域,用有限单元法进行地下水资源评价的一种尝试,可供类似地区参考。     

云南蒙自断陷盆地岩溶地下水流向研究

岩溶地区地下水径流特征复杂。以云南蒙自断陷盆地为例,通过开展水文地质调查、示踪试验、综合研究等,揭示了不同水文地质单元岩溶地下水径流方向:蒙自盆地内东山—蒙自(Ⅰ-1)、大屯(Ⅰ-2),蒙自盆地东南黑龙潭(Ⅰ-3)单元内岩溶地下水整体由南东流向北西;新安所(Ⅰ-4)单元内由南向北;蒙自盆地南部8号暗河(Ⅱ-1)、9号暗河(Ⅱ-2)两个水文地质单元内岩溶地下水由北流向南,对研究西南典型岩溶区地下水径流特征、合理评价和开发地下水资源具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861