将海洋旅游培植成海洋经济的新增长点

随着“海上山东”建设的不断深入，海洋资源的综合利用步伐不断加快，海洋经济正由以渔业为主向海洋三次产业协调发展转变，能否实现这一转变，关键在于培植海洋经济新的增长点，为海洋经济发展拓展新的领域和空间。海洋旅游是海洋经济的重要产业，在实现海洋经济发展的战略性转变中具有举足轻重的作用。现就加快海洋旅游业发展，促进“海上山东”建设谈点认识和看法。 １．提高认识，将海洋旅游确定为海洋经济的主导产业 旅游业被称为无烟工业，也是永不衰落的朝阳产业。在整个旅游业中，海洋旅游以期广阔的空间、独特的风光、迷人的景观已…     

Interaction of Surface Waves in a Basin with Floating Broken Ice

The multiscale method is used to obtain asymptotic expansions up to the quantities of the third order for the elevations of the surface of the basin and the velocity potential of motion of liquid particles in the wave disturbances formed in the process of nonlinear interaction of periodic running waves of the first and second harmonics in a homogeneous ideal incompressible liquid of constant finite depth covered with broken ice. The dependences of the amplitude-phase structure of disturbances on the ice thickness, depth of the basin, and the parameters of interacting harmonics are investigated. We estimate the error of evaluation of the characteristics of the formed vertical displacement of the surface of the basin and nonlinear mass transfer introduced by neglecting the curvature of the wave profile in the expression for the velocity potential in deducing the kinematic and dynamic surface boundary conditions for nonlinear approximations.     

Study on Transient Gap Resonance with Consideration of the Motion of Floating Body

In this paper, the transient fluid resonance phenomenon inside a narrow gap between two adjacent boxes excited by the incident focused waves with various spectral peak periods and focused wave amplitudes is simulated by utilizing the open-sourced computational fluid dynamics software, OpenFOAM. The weather-side box is allowed to heave freely under the action of waves, and the lee-side box keeps fixed. This paper mainly focuses on how both the spectral peak period and the focused wave amplitude affect the free-surface amplification inside the gap, the motion of the weather-side box, and the wave loads (including the vertical and the horizontal wave forces) acting on both boxes. For comparison, another two-box system with both boxes fixed is also considered as a control group. It is found that the motion of the weather-side box significantly changes the characteristics of the transient gap resonance, and it would cause that the fluid resonant period becomes 1.4–1.6 times that of the two-box system with both boxes fixed. All the concerned physical quantities (i.e., the free-surface amplification in the gap, the motion of the weather-side box, the wave loads) are found to closely depend on both the spectral peak period and the focused wave amplitude.

     

基于AQWA的漂浮式海洋装置载体锚泊系统耦合分析

文章基于波浪力时域频域的运动理论,采用变换锚链夹角的方法,通过水动力软件AQWA进行仿真耦合分析的方式,得出针对特定研究对象即双浮筒漂浮式浪流发电装置的最佳锚泊方案,进而探讨类似的漂浮式海洋装置载体锚泊系统方案的设计。     

Changes in the Geomagnetic Field and the Evolution of Marine Biota

Oceanology - Ideas about the geomagnetic field’s influence on evolution and biodiversity are controversial. The quantitative distribution of datum levels of oceanic microplankton during the...     

海洋环境中多环芳烃的测定与来源解析

从样品采集与保存、样品前处理、多环芳烃的检测3个方面介绍了测定海水和海洋沉积物中多环芳烃的步骤和最新进展.对目前较为常用的几种样品前处理方法,如液-液萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、索氏提取、超声提取、微波萃取、超临界流体萃取、加速溶剂萃取;以及检测方法,如气相色谱-质谱法、高效液相色谱法等作了详细介绍,比较了各自的优缺点.对目前较为常用的2种多环芳烃的来源解析方法(分子指纹法和同位素指纹法)的相关研究进展进行了总结.     

舟山海洋微塑料污染源头治理机制建设初探

海洋微塑料污染2004年才被英国科学家发现并提出,至今已经成为世界最受关注的生态环境问题之一。课题组认为公众是海洋微塑料污染的最主要源头。因此课题组立足舟山海域微塑料污染情况,包括塑料垃圾(资源)处理等情况,基于对公众认知的调查问卷,尝试描述以公众为核心、联合各行为主体的海洋微塑料污染源头治理机制,同时提出机制建立条件、困境与未来。此外,课题组关注社区、公益组织和市场的相应行为,力求在未来更为关注政府行为。     

小型等离子体声源在水声领域的应用前景分析

简要介绍了液电效应及等离子体声源的一些基本情况,并根据实验采集到的不同等离子声源数据,选取了其中 2 组进行分析。对实验采集到的等离子声源单次脉冲声信号和脉冲串声信号进行了时域信号分析,通过 MATLAB 软件计算了信号在不同时刻的能量幅值。随后,在频域对信号进行频谱分析,通过 FFT 变换分析了信号在频域范围内的能量分布。之后,对信号的功率谱进行了估计,用 PSD 算法分析了能量在不同频率上的分布信息,得出了等离子体声源信号频率范围广、低频能量大的结论。最后,结合等离子体声源信号频率及能量分布情况,对等离子体声源在水声领域的应用前景进行了分析。     

关于大连市海洋高新技术产业优先领域研究

一、海洋高新技术产业及其作用 ２０世纪８０年代，在世界新技术革命的浪潮中一大批建立在现代科学成就基础上的高新技术迅速崛起。这些高新技术既是独立的领域，也是相互支撑、相互连接的整体。一项高新技术往往含有其它高新技术的成分，许多高新技术都体现出学间的交叉、渗透、互进和并进，从而强化了各项高新技术的特定能力和产业群的整体能力。六大高新技术产业的关系可以概括为下图。 海洋高技术产业群是对地球陆地以外空间的开发，是利用占地球表面７１％的海洋及海底资源的现代化技术。海洋高新技术产业群具体包括海洋探测技术、海洋…     

青岛近海碳钢锈层中细菌群落结构的多样性

研究海水环境中Q235碳钢锈层中微生物群落的多样性。应用16SrDNA基因文库技术,分别对实海全浸一年的Q235碳钢内外锈层中的微生物进行基因文库的构建和分析。通过克隆测序构建了含有64个OTUs的细菌16SrRNA基因文库,结果表明锈层中微生物种类丰富,主要分布于13个已知的菌门,包括变形菌门;拟杆菌门;硅藻门;酸杆菌门;浮霉菌门;硝化螺旋菌门;厚壁菌门;绿弯菌门;疣微菌门;绿菌门;放线菌门;红藻门以及螺旋体门。内外锈层的优势菌均为变形细菌门,分别占文库序列的46%和53%,其中α-变形菌纲又为门中优势类群,但在内外锈层中还存在明显的系统发育学分歧。     

Field Tests of the Procedure for a Photogrammetric Estimation of Snow-Glacial Surface Albedo

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The results of using an original procedure for estimating albedo from the photogrammetric data and exposure parameters by an unmanned aerial vehicle...     

标准检验与试验场技术的发展现状与趋势分析

通过对国内外海洋技术发展现状的分析,论证了海上试验场建设及其相关标准检验与技术发展的必要性,并对国内外该技术的发展现状进行了对比与总结。在此基础上,从海洋仪器装备技术及其产业化的发展需求出发,重点分析了标准检验与试验场技术未来的发展趋势。     

我国海洋生物资源在大健康领域的应用现状分析

为促进我国海洋生物资源的开发利用以及大健康产业的可持续发展,文章基于国内外大健康产业的发展状况,综述我国海洋生物资源在大健康领域的应用现状,并提出发展建议。研究结果表明：我国发展大健康产业具有政策保障、资源基础和平台优势,海洋生物资源在药物、医疗保健、功能性食品和化妆品等大健康领域均有广泛应用;针对自主创新能力不强、产业发展层次偏低和企业总体规模偏小等问题,我国推动海洋生物资源在大健康领域的应用应发展全产业链、建设高水平的产业服务平台以及拓宽应用领域。     

海洋浮游生态系统中D MS P的来源及在食物链中的传递和转化研究进展

β-二甲基巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)是一种在海洋中普遍存在的重要生源有机硫化物,其降解产物二甲基硫(DMS)挥发到大气中会形成云凝结核,进而对大气温度产生负反馈效应.DMSP主要由浮游植物和部分细菌生物合成,在浮游食物链和微食物环中进行传递和转化,并进一步通过食物网进入更高营养级.浮游生物是驱动全球碳、硫循环的关键环节,...     

海洋强国战略下涉海大学生海洋领域就业研究

当代涉海专业大学生是建设海洋强国、实现国家发展战略的关键接班人和后备军。文章围绕某高校涉海大学生展开调查发现,海洋领域就业意向与专业满意度、家人的态度、实习经历等显著相关;影响择业的主要因素是收入和地域。文章提出,传播海洋强国战略、加强理想信念教育,弘扬海洋精神、培育敬业奉献素质,深化校企合作、拓宽海洋领域实习实践,细化职业规划、精准开展就业指导等途径,有助于培养和输送涉海大学生服务海洋战略、投身海洋重点领域就业。     

亚像素定位的关键问题研究

分析了控制点标志的选择与设计,采用了图像处理、Hough变换、角点与直线高精度定位算子等方法,实现了中南大学近景摄影测量二维控制场1 350个人工标志点的自动识别和亚像素定位,仿真图检测平均精度达到±0.05像素。     

水下加筋圆柱壳结构声散射特性研究

采用有限元/边界元(FEM/BEM)方法对水下加筋圆柱壳结构的声散射特性进行分析。考虑入射声场激发弹性结构振动产生二次辐射声场,总声场为入射场与散射场之和。基于Mindlin理论建立结构受迫振动的有限元模型,考虑入射声场为简谐激励,采用模态叠加法求出结构振动表面速度。根据声学边界元相关理论,利用有限元方法计算得出的弹性结构表面动力相应,可求出弹性结构的散射声场。研究结果表明,在同一波数下,不加筋结构后向散射强于加筋结构;加筋结构的散射指向性图案分叉较为明显;同种结构在波数增加的时候后向散射强度逐渐增大,前向散射强度逐渐减弱。     

Strength Characteristics of the Cement-Stabilized Surface Layer in Dredged and Reclaimed Marine Clay, Korea

A series of tests in both laboratory and field were performed to investigate the engineering and mechanical properties, especially flexural strength, of cement-stabilized soils. The strength of cement-stabilized soils mainly depends on water-to-cement ratio and curing temperature. The higher curing temperature and the longer curing time, the higher strength in cement-stabilized soils generates. The high ratio of water-to-cement results in lower strength. The compressive strength observed in the field is similar to the strength in the laboratory. Field tests on a cement-stabilized soil layer indicate that the strength is significantly affected by the thickness of the improved layer, which is directly related to the moment of inertia. In addition, the failure shape observed in a cement-stabilized layer in the field looks likes a bending failure type, because the flexural tensile strength, rather than the compressive strength, mainly dominates the failure of cement-stabilized layer. The flexural tensile strength is closely related to the moment of inertia. Therefore, the flexural tensile strength should be considered for determining the thickness and strength in improvement of soft clay.     

The 800-Pound Grouper in the Room: Asymptotic Body Size and Invasiveness of Marine Aquarium Fishes

The global trade in aquatic wildlife destined for home aquaria not only has the potential to be a positive force for conservation, but also has a number of potential risks. The greatest and most documented risk is the potential to translocate species that will become invasive in a new habitat. Although propagule pressure can influence species invasiveness, a high percentage of documented marine aquarium fish that are invasive in the US are uncommon in the trade. Here, the covariation of size with species invasiveness was assessed using a web scraper to collect size, price, life history characteristics, and behavior data from five internet retail stores for 775 species of fish. Fish that routinely exceed 100 cm in total length are traded, nevertheless are typically sold at sizes much smaller than their theoretical maximum. No economic benefit from the sale of species that will outgrow tanks and have a high risk of being released was found. Large fish, including groupers that can achieve weights of 800 pounds, will continue to enter the trade because the growth of aquaculture for commercial food markets is making it easier to acquire these species that also have appealing small life stages, making it easier and less expensive to bring these species into the aquarium trade. The entire trade should consider taking concerted action to limit the trade in fish that are likely to become invasive.