The geochemistry of Archaean shales derived from a Mafic volcanic sequence, Belingwe greenstone belt, Zimbabwe: provenance, source area unroofing and submarine versus subaerial weathering

Shales of the ∼2.7 Ga Zeederbergs Formation, Belingwe greenstone belt, Zimbabwe, form thin (0.2-2 m) horizons intercalated with submarine lava plain basalts. Shales of the overlying Cheshire Formation, a foreland basin sedimentary sequence, form 1-100 m thick units intercalated with shallow-water carbonates and deep-water, resedimented basalt pebble conglomerates. Zeederbergs shale is characterized by high contents of MgO and transition metals and low concentrations of K₂O and LILE as compared to average Phanerozoic shale, indicative of an ultramafic to mafic source terrain. Cheshire shales have similar major and trace element contents, but MgO and transition metals are less enriched and the LILE are less depleted. Zeederbergs shales have smoothly fractionated REE patterns (La_N/Yb_N = 2.84-4.45) and no significant Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.93-0.96). REE patterns are identical to those of the surrounding basaltic rocks, indicating local derivation from submarine reworking. Cheshire shales have rather flat REE patterns (La_N/Yb_N = 0.69-2.19) and a small, negative Eu anomaly (average Eu/Eu* = 0.85), indicative of a mafic provenance with minor contributions of felsic detritus. A systematic change in REE patterns and concentrations of transition metals and HFSE upwards in the sedimentary succession indicates erosion of progressively more LREE-depleted basalts and ultramafic volcanic rocks, followed by unroofing of granitoid crust. Weathering indices confirm the submarine nature of Zeederbergs shale, whereas Cheshire shale was derived from a source terrain subjected to intense chemical weathering.     

Subduction-modified pelagic sediments as the enriched component in back-arc basalts from the Japan Sea: Ocean Drilling Program Sites 797 and 794

Ocean Drilling Program Legs 127 and 128 in the Yamato Basin of the Japan Sea, a Miocene-age back-arc basin in the western Pacific Ocean, recovered incompatible-element-depleted and enriched tholeiitic dolerites and basalts from the basin floor, which provide evidence of a significant sedimentary component in their mantle source. Isotopically, the volcanic rocks cover a wide range of compositions (e.g., ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.70369–0.70503, ²⁰⁴Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=17.65–18.36) and define a mixing trend between a depleted mantle (DM) component and an enriched component with the composition of EM II. At Site 797, the combined isotope and trace element systematics support a model of two component mixing between depleted, MORB-like mantle and Pacific pelagic sediments. A best estimate of the composition of the sedimentary component has been determined by analyzing samples of differing lithology from DSDP Sites 579 and 581 in the western Pacific, east of the Japan arc. The sediments have large depletions in the high field strength elements and are relatively enriched in the large-ion-lithophile elements, including Pb. These characteristics are mirrored, with reduced amplitudes, in Japan Sea enriched tholeiites and northeast Japan arc lavas, which strengthens the link between source enrichment and subducted sediments. However, Site 579/581 sediments have higher LILE/REE and lower HFSE/REE than the enriched component inferred from mixing trends at Site 797. Sub-arc devolatilization of the sediments is a process that will lower LILE/REE and raise HFSE/REE in the residual sediment, and thus this residual sediment may serve as the enriched component in the back-arc basalt source. Samples from other potential sources of an enriched. EM II-like component beneath Japan, such as the subcontinental lithosphere or crust, have isotopic compositions which overlap those of the Japan Sea tholeiites and are not enriched enough to be the EM II end-member.     

新疆新源县城南石炭纪火山岩岩石学和元素地球化学研究

新疆新源县南部那拉提山北坡出露的石炭纪火山岩主要由玄武岩、玄武质粗面安山岩、粗面安山岩、安山岩、流纹岩和火山碎屑岩组成。该火山岩中玄武岩属于钙碱性系列,安山质岩石和流纹岩属于高钾钙碱性系列,其中轻稀土轻微富集而重稀土相对亏损,玄武岩富集大离子亲石元素、U、Th和Pb,亏损高场强元素。研究表明,该火山岩岩浆可能是由俯冲板片脱水产生的流体交代地幔楔后,地幔楔发生部分熔融的结果。微量元素模拟计算表明,该玄武岩岩浆可以由石榴石二辉橄榄岩经3％～6％的部分熔融得到;安山质岩浆可由玄武岩岩浆经15％-28％的分离结晶形成。     

鲁西金岭地区含矿闪长岩体成因:来自锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学证据

鲁西金岭闪长岩位于华北克拉通东南部,主要由辉石闪长岩-黑云母闪长岩组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年测定闪长岩侵位年龄为(129.17±0.96)和(130.15±0.65)Ma,属于早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。闪长岩SiO2和K_2O的质量分数较低,MgO、Na_2O、Fe_2O_3、MgO和Al_2O_3的质量分数较高,Mg#为58.00~70.00。Na_2O/K_2O为1.08~2.96,相对富钠高铝,其里特曼指数为1.95~2.96,具有钙碱性系列的岩浆演化趋势。金岭闪长岩w(Ni)为99.00×10~(-6)~237.00×10~(-6),w(Cr)为270.00×10~(-6)~600.00×10~(-6),w(Co)为19.00×10~(-6)~44.00×10~(-6),表明其具有幔源岩浆的属性。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线表明样品具有富集轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损重稀土元素(HREE)以及弱Eu(δEu为0.91~1.12)异常的特征。所有样品富集大离子亲石元素(Ba、K、Sr)和高场强元素Nd,亏损高场强元素Rb、Nb、Ta、Zr。样品中约2.5Ga古老锆石的存在证明岩浆源区受到古老下地壳物质的混染作用。鲁西金岭地区闪长岩应形成于太平洋板块俯冲后后撤引起的伸展环境,其岩浆源区是富集地幔起源的基性岩浆底侵华北古老下地壳并与下地壳熔融形成的壳源酸性岩浆混合过程的产物。     

Trace element distribution in uraninite from Mesoarchaean Witwatersrand conglomerates (South Africa) supports placer model and magmatogenic source

The first systematic analyses of the trace and rare earth element (REE) distribution in uraninite from various gold-bearing conglomerates of the Mesoarchaean Central Rand Group in South Africa’s Witwatersrand Basin by in situ laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry confirms a placer origin for the uraninite and a magmatogenic provenance thereof. The chemistry of commonly rounded to sub-rounded uraninite is highly variable from grain to grain but generally marked by elevated Th, W, Bi, Mo, Ta, Y, REE contents and unusually high Au concentrations. Especially, the high Th contents and the chondrite-normalised REE patterns are incompatible with post-sedimentary hydrothermal genetic models for the U mineralisation and point to derivation of the detrital uraninite from a high-temperature, magmatogenic, presumably granitic to pegmatitic source. The elevated Au concentrations (of as much as 67 ppm) in this uraninite are unique to the Witwatersrand and hint at a granitic hinterland that was enriched in both U and Au, thus presenting a potential source domain for some of the detrital gold in the Witwatersrand conglomerates. Minute fracture fills of brannerite in close proximity to the larger, rounded uraninite grains are devoid of detectable Bi, Mo, REE and Au and have only very low concentrations of Th, W, Ta and Y. This is explicable by crystallisation from a low-temperature hydrothermal fluid. Thus, Witwatersrand U phases show, analogous to many other ore constituents, such as pyrite and gold, clear evidence of partial, short-range mobilisation of originally detrital particles by post-sedimentary fluids.     

Island-arc geochemical signatures of Cenozoic alkali-rich intrusive rocks from western Yunnan and their implication

Alkali-rich intrusive rocks in western Yunnan were derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle （ EM Ⅱ ） source. The data available indicated they are alkali-rich （ K2o ＋ Na2o 〉 8wt% ） and shoshonitic. Although formed in a within-plate environment they exhibit signatures of arc magmatic rocks, such as high amounts of LILE and LREE relative to the HFSE and HREE, and thus high Ba/Nb, Ba/Zr, Sr/Y, La/Yb ratios as well as mimic chondrite-normalized REE and primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns of subducted sediments, and they fall in the collision- or arc-related tectonic setting field on all discrimination diagrams. This might suggest the enrichment be related to the substantial extent of sediment contamination by the Mesozoic Tethyan subduction processes.     

西秦岭天水地区李子园群变质火山岩的地球化学特征及其地质意义

西秦岭天水地区的早古生代李子园群为一套中浅变质的沉积-火山岩系。沉积岩系主要由变质碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩组成,火山岩系主要由变玄武岩、变玄武安山岩和变安山岩组成,包括岛弧型火山岩和玻安岩。岛弧型火山岩SiO2含量介于48.79%~54.64%之间,TiO2含量较低(0.29%~0.88%);稀土元素分布型式呈LREE略富集型,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Cs、Sr、Th、U,相对亏损Rb、K和高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、P、Sm、Ti和Y,具Nb负异常,类似于低钾岛弧拉斑玄武岩和钙碱性玄武岩特征。玻安岩具有中等的SiO2含量(53.59%~59.28%),低的TiO2含量(0.24%~0.48%);相对中等的MgO含量(4.90%~4.96%)、较低的CaO/Al2O3比值(0.39~0.54)和较高的Mg#值(0.54~0.58)、Al2O3/TiO2比值(33.88~64.29);同时具有较低的Ti/Zr比值(15~83)、V/Zr比值(2.18~8.35)和较高的Zr/Y比值(3.82~12.08),相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),特别是Rb、Ba、Th,而亏损高场强元素(HFSE),如Nb、Ta、P、Ti、Y、Yb,显示为亏损MREE的U型稀土元素分布型式。岛弧型火山岩和玻安岩的存在表明,李子园群及其中的中基性火山岩系形成于俯冲带之上的岛弧或弧前环境。     

青藏高原沱沱河地区晚泥盆世高铝玄武岩的发现及意义

在青藏高原腹地的沱沱河—开心岭地区的区域地质调查中新发现的高铝玄武岩,利用激光等离子体质谱法(LA-ICP-MS)测试的锆石206Pb-238U年龄(380.1±5.6)Ma(MSWD=0.21),表明其形成时代为晚泥盆世。玄武岩具有高Al2O3(平均20.16%)和低SiO2(平均48.32%)、低Na2O(平均2.29%)、低K2O(平均0.39%)、低TiO2(均值0.754%)、低Alk(均值2.68%)的特点,并有(低钾)拉斑玄武系列向钙碱性系列过渡的特征,CIPW标准矿物属石英拉斑玄武岩(Q含量2.77%～9.32%),高铝、低钾、贫碱的特点与典型的高铝玄武岩一致。岩石的稀土总量均一且总体偏低,ΣREE含量为32.69×10-6～41.01×10-6,稀土配分模式近水平,δEu为1.12～1.28,均值为1.2,具有较强的正Eu和Ce异常。岩石富集亲石元素LILE,亏损高场强元素,具有较高Sr、Ba、Ce正异常和Nb负异常,岩石化学特点及相关的一系列岩石化学图解均表明其为岛弧玄武岩,表明分布于昌都—兰坪地块的晚泥盆世高铝玄武岩形成于岛弧环境,它的发现为三江地区古生代火山地层的确定、古特提斯洋的演化提供了丰富的资料。     

Geochemistry and geochronology of mafic rocks from the Vespor suite in the Juruena arc,Roosevelt-Juruena terrain,Brazil: Implications for Proterozoic crustal growth and geodynamic setting of the SW Amazonian craton

This study presents new geochemical data on rocks from the Vespor suite, an important mafic unit from the Juruena arc, Roosevelt-Juruena terrain, SW Amazonian craton, northwest Mato Grosso, Brazil, attempting to define their tectonic setting and type of mantle source. The Juruena arc may be part of a magmatic belt (Jamari and Juruena arcs) at the southwestern Amazonian craton during assembly of the Columbia supercontinent. The investigated rocks represent a Paleoproterozoic subduction-related mafic suite of sigmoidal bodies, composed mainly of gabbro, norite, gabbronorite and diorite, that underwent amphibolite facies metamorphism. Here we present also preliminary petrology aspects and zircon U–Pb geochronology. Geochemical character and variation trends of major and trace elements as well as selected trace element ratios suggest that Vespor suite rocks have a tholeiitic lineage of arc affinity controlled by fractional crystallization with a prominent iron enrichment trend. Gabbros, norites and gabbronorites are characterized by enrichment of LILE and weakly to moderately differentiated HFSE patterns, suggesting their deviation from an enriched heterogeneous lithospheric mantle source. Vespor suite rocks are characterized by depletion of Nb–Ta, P and Ti, with flat distribution of HFSE, markedly large variations in most of the LILE, positive anomalies displayed by Ba, K, Th, Sr, Pb and weak negative anomalies of Hf–Zr. These features reflect limited degrees of crustal contamination associated with a subduction-related magma process where the mantle wedge was chemically modified. In addition, the enrichment in LILE and Pb, low values of the ratios (La_n/Sm_n – 0.83 to 4.58) and (Nb_n/La_n – 0.04 to 0.45), but high Th/Yb ratios, gently to moderately sloping REE profiles (La/Yb_n = 2.53–7.37), negative anomalies in HFSE (Ta, Zr, Hf, and Ti), and positive anomalies in LILE (Th, Ba, Sr), suggest derivation from a metasomatized lithospheric mantle source above a subduction zone with weak crustal contamination. Both the composition of the mantle source and the degree of partial melting that produced the parental magmas of these rocks, determined by using REE abundance and ratios, indicate that gabbroic/dioritic melts were generated at different degrees of melting of the source: about 5–20% partial melting of a garnet-spinel lherzolite, around 1–10% partial melting of spinel lherzolite source, and approximately 1–5% partial melting of intermediate source composition, and crystallizing between 1.773 and 1.764 Ma.     

吐--哈盆地及周缘早二叠世火山岩地球化学特征及大地构造环境探讨

长期以来对吐—哈盆地及其周缘地区早二叠世构造环境的归属存在较大异议.通过对盆地早二叠世火山岩地球化学特征的研究,进一步厘定了火山岩的产出环境.研究表明,区内火山岩以玄武岩、玄武安山岩和流纹岩为主,具双峰式火山岩特征,大部分玄武岩相对MORB强烈富集LILE和LREE,HFSE适度富集,Th/Ta比值>5,Ta、Nb的适度亏损和陆壳的混染有关,少量玄武岩带有与消减作用有关的地球化学信息,与造山期后伸展环境下的火山岩地球化学特征相似.结合区域地质特征及邻区研究结果,认为吐—哈盆地早二叠世火山岩为造山期后伸展背景下裂谷环境的产物.     

徐州地区辉绿岩地球化学特征

对徐州栏杆地区侵位于元古代地层中的辉绿岩进行了系统的地球化学研究。栏杆地区的辉绿岩属于板内玄武岩系列岩石,地球化学特征上略富集轻稀土元素(LREE),富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),略亏损高场强元素(HFSE),相对富集Cr和Ni;微量元素显示了EM-OIB(富集地幔-洋岛玄武岩)的特征,辉绿岩稀土元素特征显示在岩浆上侵过程中经历了分离结晶作用。结合新元古代全球Rodinia超大陆裂解事件及其岩浆活动与地幔柱的密切关系,认为徐州地区新元古代辉绿岩可能为地幔柱作用在华北陆块边缘的记录。     

云南新平县双沟蛇绿岩稀土元素地球化学研究

双沟蛇绿岩中,变质橄榄岩的REE分布型式为LREE富集型,可能是富大离子亲石元素(LILE)组分交代造成的。地幔岩部分熔融生成的初始熔体LREE亏损,而辉绿岩和玄武岩则存在LREE亏损和富集两种型式,前者相当于N-MORB,后者相当于E-MORB。推测前者来源于亏损的软流圈地幔,而后者的地幔源区经历过一次富集LREE和LILE的事件。双沟蛇绿岩的REE特征暗示它可能形成于弧后盆地。     

Further Study on Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of the Boninitic Rocks from Bikou Group, Northern Yangtze Plate

INTRODUCTIONCompositionally ,the term“boninite”refers to alarge variety of pri mary or near-pri mary ( Mg#=0 .60 -0 .85) magmas with a wide variation of CaO/Al2O3(most range from0 .55 to 0 .75) (Crawford etal .,1989) . With regard to its definition as recom-mended bythe I UGS (Deng et al .,1993) and Hickeyand Frey (1982) ,the classification of boninitic rocksis still a matter of petrological debate ( Qiu et al .,2004) .In general ,rock with some typical geochemi-cal features of bon…     

Geochemistry and geochronology of the Mkhondo suite, Swaziland: evidence for passive-margin deposition and granulite facies metamorphism in the Late Archean of Southern Africa

The Archean Mkhondo suite in southern Swaziland is a multiply deformed succession of metasediments intruded with amphibolite dykes and sills and granitoid gneisses. Mineral and textural relationships indicate an early period of granulite facies metamorphism, followed later by amphibolite facies metamorphism. Geothermobarometry indicates maximum temperatures of 700–900°C and burial depths of 25–3 km. Paragneisses and biotite quartzites have LREE enriched patterns with small negative Eu anomalies, whereas white quartzites show variable REE patterns and low REE concentrations. BIF has slight LREE enrichment and Eu anomalies. Amphibolites have moderate LREE enrichment and depletions in Ta---Nb and P. Unlike many Archean granitoids, the Mkhondo granitoid gneisses are high in K and other LILE, have large negative Eu anomalies and are not depleted in HREE.SHRIMP isotopic analyses of detrital zircons from a biotite quartzite define a source age of 3600–3460 Ma. A deformed granitoid in tectonic contact with the Mkhondo suite yields a zircon evaporation mean age of 3192±5 Ma, which is interpreted as the age of emplacement. A zircon evaporation age of a granitic melt patch in paragneiss, as well as whole-rock and garnet Sm---Nd isotopic ages, suggest that the peak of high-grade metamorphism in the Mkhondo suite occurred at about 2750 Ma. This is the first evidence for Late Archean high-grade metamorphism in the southeastern Kaapvaal craton. The age data of this study restrict deposition of the Mkhondo suite to between 3.2 and 2.75 Ga.Mkhondo paragneisses are interpreted as shales with biotite quartzites as iron- and quartz-rich detrital sediments. Geochemical mixing calculations indicate that the sediment sources were composed of basalt (±komatiite), TTG and Eu-depleted granitoids. The Mkhondo assemblage may have been deposited along a passive continental margin or in a continental interior basin. The presence of minor BIF with positive Eu anomalies suggests minor hydrothermal input into the sedimentary basin. Intense chemical weathering was probably most important in production of the relatively pure quartz sands.     

Petrology and geochemistry of prograde deserpentinized peridotites from Happo-O’ne, Japan: Evidence of element mobility during deserpentinization

The prograde deserpentinized peridotites from the talc zone in the Happo-O’ne complex, central Japan, show differences in their field relation and mineral assemblage with the high-P retrograde peridotites of the other part of the complex. They show a mineral assemblage, olivine + talc + antigorite ± prograde tremolite ± chlorite, formed by thermal metamorphism around the granitic intrusion at T, 500-650 °C and P < 7 kbar. The olivine has numerous opaque inclusions and high Fo (91.5-96.5) relative to the retrograde olivine, reflecting its formation by deserpentinization. The prograde tremolite, which is low in Al₂O₃ (<1.0 wt.%), Cr₂O₃ (<0.35 wt.%), and Na₂O (<0.6 wt.%) but high in Mg# (up to 0.98) and SiO₂ (up to 59.9 wt.%), is different in size, shape and chemistry from the retrograde tremolite. The prograde peridotites display a U-shaped REE pattern (0.02-0.5 times PM), similar to diopside-zone retrograde metaperidotites, possible protoliths. They are enriched in LILE (e.g., Cs, Pb, Sr, Rb) relative to HFSE (e.g., Ta, Hf, Zr, Nb), like their protoliths, because of their local re-equilibration with the fluid released during dehydration of the protoliths. They have high contents of REE and some trace elements (e.g., Cs, Th, U, Ta) relative to their protoliths because of an external-element addition from the granitic magma. In-situ analyses of peridotitic silicates confirmed that the prograde tremolite and talc display a spoon-shaped primitive mantle (PM)-normalized REE pattern (0.1-3 times PM) in which LREE are higher than HREE contents. The prograde tremolite is depleted in Al, Na, Cr, Sc, V, Ti, B, HREE and Li, but is enriched in Si, Cs, U, Th, HFSE (Hf, Zr, Nb, Ta), Rb and Ba relative to the retrograde tremolite; the immobile-element depletion in this tremolite is inherited from its source (antigorite + secondary diopside), whereas the depletion of mobile elements (e.g., Li, B, Na, Al) is ascribed to their mobility during the deserpentinization and/or the depleted character of the source of tremolite. The enrichment of HFSE and LILE in the prograde tremolite is related to an external addition of these elements from fluid/melt of the surrounding granitic magma and/or in situ equilibrium with LILE-bearing fluid released during dehydration of serpentinized retrograde metaperidotites and olivine-bearing serpentinites (protoliths). The prograde olivine is higher in REE and most trace-element contents than the retrograde one due to the external addition of these elements; it is enriched in B, Co and Ni, but depleted in Li that was liberated during deserpentinization by prograde metamorphism.     

河北秦皇岛石门寨中生代火山岩的地球化学特征和锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄

中国东部中生代火山岩比较发育,在冀北—辽西、山东、北淮阳、太行山等地区均有分布。在冀北的秦皇岛石门寨地区存在着一套分布广泛的中生代蓝旗组与孙家梁组火山岩,不整合在侏罗系北票组砾岩之上。蓝旗组与孙家梁组之间为整合关系,蓝旗组主体为碱玄岩和玄武粗安岩,孙家梁组主体为英安岩和流纹岩,前人研究认为其时代为晚侏罗世。本研究对该地区火山岩样品进行了全岩地球化学分析和锆石U- Pb定年。蓝旗组火山岩样品总体上以富K、Na和Al为特征,部分样品有较高的Mg和Fe含量,在微量元素组成上,粗面岩和玄武粗安岩富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素和重稀土元素,碱玄岩轻微亏损高场强元素,轻重稀土元素分馏较为明显,玄武岩无明显高场强元素异常,轻稀土无明显富集,重稀土不亏损。孙家梁组火山岩样品均为流纹岩,也以富K、Na和Al为特征,Mg和Fe含量较低,在微量元素组成上,富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,具有强烈的Eu负异常。蓝旗组火山岩主要为钾玄岩系列,孙家梁组火山岩为高钾钙碱性系列,蓝旗组粗面岩和玄武粗安岩地球化学特征类似岛弧,可能与受上地壳俯冲脱水交代作用有关,碱玄岩地球化学特征类似HIMU型OIB,源区可能为受俯冲洋壳交代所形成的富集型软流圈地幔,玄武岩地球化学特征类似N- MORB,源区可能为亏损的软流圈地幔。孙家梁组流纹岩可能由早白垩世华北克拉通强烈的伸展作用导致幔源岩浆底侵下地壳,使其部分熔融或古太平洋板块俯冲后撤所导致俯冲洋壳岩石发生部分熔融产生。孙家梁组流纹岩中锆石的LA- ICP- MS U- Pb定年获得了23个颗粒的加权平均年龄1180±11 Ma,为早白垩世,可以与辽西地区义县组相对比。河北秦皇岛石门寨地区蓝旗组和孙家梁组火山岩的成因及形成时代对于探讨中生代华北克拉通减薄的机制与时限具有重要意义。     

湘东北中生代基性岩脉岩石地球化学及构造意义

湘东北中生代发育以辉绿岩类和煌斑岩类为代表的基性岩脉,属陆内拉斑玄武岩系,部分煌斑岩属于碱性系列。岩石富集LREE,δEu负异常不明显,其形成主要受软流圈地幔部分熔融作用制约。煌斑岩类微量元素总体上具有洋岛玄武岩(OIB)岩浆源区特征,富集Nd、P、Cs而K、Rb、Sr、U、Th等富集程度不明显,Ta、Nb略有富集。辉绿岩类表现出Ta、Nb、Ti亏损,但LILE并不富集,反映地壳混染程度的增强。基性岩脉形成于陆内拉张带的构造环境,岩浆活动未受到中生代大洋板块俯冲的影响。基性岩脉在时、空及物质组成上与湘东南玄武质岩石基本一致,属于整个湘东南岩石圈拉张-减薄带的一部分。     

长江源雀莫错-带上二叠统那益雄组火山岩特征及其构造环境

雀莫错一带那益雄组火山岩是由玄武岩组成的基性熔岩,岩石化学表现为低TiO2(<1％)和Al2O3,Na2O>K2O,属钙碱性系列。地球化学特征表现为轻稀土富集,Eu平坦或轻微负异常,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb,Sr,Ba,K)和高强场元素Th,亏损高强场元素Nb和Ta,反映了岛弧构造环境。上二叠统那益雄组岛弧型火山岩的发现,说明长江源地区晚古生代有岛弧存在,且该岛弧应为晚古生代特提斯洋向东俯冲在中北段形成的多岛-弧盆系统的一部分。     

Geodynamic Indications on Igneous Rocks of Transitory Geologic Setting during the Late Hercynian in North Tarim Basin

Basic and intermediate-acidic igneous rocks were developed during the late Hercynian in North Tarim basin.The geochemistry characteristics of the rocks show that basic volcanic rock has K2O/Na2O = 0.18-0.61 < 1 and falls into a category of basalt of sodium system.The rocks contain enriched large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) (K,Rb,Ba,Th) and high-field strength elements (HFSE) (Nb,Ta,Ti,Zr,P),with the magmatic material from the upper mantle.The intermediate-acidic volcanic rocks have σ = 1.91-2.96 < 3.3,K2O/Na2O =1.25-1.59 > 1,as well as the enriched LILE and depleted HFSE (Nb,Ta,Ti,P),presenting the same trace element compositions and characteristics as in the granitic rocks of South Tianshan Mt.; they are either shoshonitic igneous rocks or high-K calc-alkaline igneous rocks,with a distinct crust-derived component feature.The comprehensive analyses on the characteristics of the trace elements,the graphic tectonic discrimination,and the distribution features of the two types of igneous rocks show that they were formed under different tectonic settings and geodynamic environments:the basalt was formed in the active rifting period when the active mantle upwelling caused the thinning of lithosphere; the intermediateacidic volcanic-intrusive rock was formed in the island arc area of the active continental margin in North Tarim; the formation is associated with the plate subduction during the course of South Tianshan Ocean closure-the subduction of Middle Tianshan Mountain toward the Tarim plate.The basic and intermediate-acidic igneous rocks reveal a tectonic regime of extension-extrusion transition,which is significant in determining the key tectonic revolution period of North Tarim basin.     

“三江”古特提斯地幔热柱——洋中脊玄武岩证据

“三江”特提斯巨型造山带由４条板块缝合带和夹于其间的微陆块和弧地体构成。在古特提斯洋闭合而成的澜沧江和金沙江缝合带内，均发育典型的蛇绿岩－蛇绿混杂岩和洋岛玄武岩（ＯＩＢ）组合。ＯＩＢ集中产出于大洋的特定区段（２２０－２４０Ｎ──澜沧江洋；２４０－２７０Ｎ──金沙江洋），形成于洋壳（ＭＯＲＢ）顶部，并被浅水碳酸盐岩覆盖，ＯＩＢ主要岩石类型为苦橄玄武岩、夏威夷岩和钾质粗面玄武岩，三者具特定的空间配置与时间演变规律。根据三江地区ＯＩＢ时空展布规律、岩石组合特点、岩石地球化学特征、源岩化学估算及热幔柱实验成果，提出早古生代时期的澜沧江洋和金沙江洋岩石围下方分别出现地幔热拉，其直径约２００－２５０ｋｍ，具特定的不同于周围地幔的热－化学结构。地幔热柱的尾柱区高热物质熔融，产生苦橄质或苦橄玄武质熔浆，地幔热拉上涌，其冠形头部与周围地幔“混杂”而具化学分带，该区物质熔融，产生富Ｎａ和富Ｋ质ＯＩＢ。