Geology and mineral potential of Ethiopia: a note on geology and mineral map of Ethiopia

This work presents a geoscientific map and database for geology, mineral and energy resources of Ethiopia in a digital form at a scale of 1:2,000,000, compiled from several sources. The final result of the work has been recorded on CD-ROM in GIS format so that the map and the database could be available to users on a personal computer.Metallic resources (precious, rare, base and ferrous–ferroalloy metals) are widely related to the metamorphic meta-volcano-sedimentary belts and associated intrusives belonging to various terranes of the Arabian–Nubian Shield, accreted during the East and West Gondwana collision (Neoproterozoic, 900–500 Ma).Industrial minerals and rock resources occur in more diversified geological environments, including the Proterozoic basement rocks, the Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic sediments and recent (Cenozoic) volcanics and associated sediments.Energy resources (oil, coal, geothermal resources) are restricted to Phanerozoic basin sediments and Cenozoic volcanism and rifting areas.     

Ecological geology,environmental geology,geoecology: Contents and relations

The contents and relationships of environmental geology, ecological geology, and geoecology are discussed. It is shown that they differ in their subjects, directions and objects of investigation, as well as their scientific and practical tasks. Hence, these concepts and the spheres of knowledge they determine can be neither identified with nor substituted for each other because this inevitably causes terminological confusion and hampers the development of ecological problems, and not only in geology. Environmental geology, by its content, is a collection of data obtained by traditional geological sciences and has no specially developed conceptual base. It is an anthropocentrically oriented field of geological knowledge, unlike ecological geology, which is oriented biocentrically and has a wider volume. Geoecology is an interdisciplinary science studying the effect of all abiotic spheres of living matter. Ecologically oriented geological sciences are intended to provide information on only one of these spheres—the lithosphere.     

变质地质学和前寒武纪地质研究:前言

正沈其韩院士是我国著名地质学家,为变质岩石学、变质地质学和前寒武纪研究做出了重大贡献。在沈先生96华诞和从事地质工作75年之际,我们出版本专辑,以表达对先生的敬仰之情和感激之意,祝先生身体健康、生活愉快、家庭幸福。变质岩石学和变质地质学构成地球科学的重要组成部分,涉及到地球形成演化各个历史时期(例如,已发现4.0Ga变质锆石,青藏高原出露20～30Ma麻粒岩)。前寒武纪是大     

环境地质学的发展与挑战

人类只有一个地球,奋起拯救地球和地球上包括人类自己在内的生物———对环境和环境保护意识的觉醒,是人类２０世纪对可持续发展的一个伟大贡献。其中,地质科学对人类可持续发展理念的形成功不可没。地质科学是研究地球系统的科学,历来与人类社会的生存和发展密切联系在一起。传统的地质科学注重研究地球的形成及其演化历史,在满足不断前进的社会经济发展对矿产资源需求的同时,自身也得到了发展。地质学家弄清楚了地球已经有４５亿年的历史;认识到地球是一个动态的、完整的系统。地质科学在研究地球演化历史时,总要研究生物的进化过…     

环境地质研究进展与展望

环境地质学与其他地质学科的最大区别是,把人类活动作为一种地质作用营力加以研究,这是前所未有的。面向国民经济、国家重大工程建设和城市化的快速兴起与发展,环境地质学科得到了迅速发展。关注气候变化、海岸带发展、城市化、地下水资源与地质环境的相互关系至关重要。要重视地质灾害形成发育的规律,特别是人类工程活动与自然地质作用相互关系的研究。地质灾害防治和群测群防,在今后一个相当长的时期内仍然是研究重点。持久地为社会、为公众、为政府服务,提高地质科学在环境保护中的作用与地位,提高公众对环境地质学的认知与认同,才能采取共同行动,为可持续发展做出贡献。     

构造地质与工程地质的基本关系

构造地质学是研究各种地质构造及其成生演化的基础地质学 ,工程地质学主要是应用地质学理论尤其是构造地质学理论解决人类工程建设活动中与构造现象和构造活动有密切关系的地质问题的应用地质学。二者的研究目的虽然不同 ,但所研究的主要对象是相同的 ,即都是地质构造 ,所研究的又都是地球变化过程中的构造变动及其各类效应。文中讨论了构造地质学与工程地质学之间的基本关系 ,主要包括地质构造对工程地质环境和工程地质条件的控制作用 ;深部构造、浅部构造以及表层构造动力学特征与区域地壳稳定性之间的关系 ;构造结构面、构造应力场与岩土体稳定性的关系 ;活动构造与工程建筑安全性的关系以及地质构造与崩滑流、地裂缝、地面沉降等地质灾害的关系等问题。     

Myth and geology

I dare say many geologists may wonder why the Geological Society would be publishing a book on such a topic. Surely geology has advanced well beyond the stage of myth! But the field is now quite ＇respectable＇ and the papers in this volume grow from a session held at the International Geological Congress in Florence in 2004. The field of geology and myth was founded virtually single handed by Dorothy Vitaliano in her Legends of the Earth （1973） and she gave the keynote address at the Florence meeting.     

数学地质在矿山研究中的应用--判别分析归类矿体属性实例

数学地质方法为宏观地质研究提供了定量的可能。判别分析对研究未知属性矿体的归属有着重要的意义。苏州西部地区通安——潭山多金属成矿带中，小茅山铜铅锌矿段，潭山铅锌银铁矿段位于成矿带的两端，属性已知。该成矿带中有一未知属性的铜铅锌银迂里矿段，用判别分析方法对其归类。研究结果表明，未知属性的迂里矿段归属潭山多金属硫化物矿床类型，即高—中温多金属硫化物矿床类型。     

金顶铅锌矿床地质-地球化学

金顶铅锌矿床的成矿作用发生在中－新生代沉积地层当中，且矿区内没有明显出露岩浆岩，矿体为板状，产在古新统统云龙组和下白垩统景星组的陆相碎屑岩中，但成矿并不受岩相地层控制，而受断裂和穹隆构造控制。铅同位素数据指示成矿金属主要为自地幔。硫同位素具有δ^34S黄铁矿＞δ^34S闪锌矿＞δ^34S方铅矿的趋势，硫主要来自地壳，闪锌矿及有关脉石矿物（石英，天青石，方解石和硬石膏）的流体包裹体研究表明，均一温度主要在110－150℃，盐度ω（NaCleq)5.09%-19.63%，成矿压力32.5-22.6MPa，所对应的成矿深度0.9-1.5km。