西南印度洋中脊48.6°~51.7°E沉积物地球化学特征

为了深入了解西南印度洋中脊调查区表层沉积物的物质来源和沉积环境,对大洋第30航次在该区域获取的21个表层沉积物样品进行了物相鉴定和主量元素、微量元素及稀土元素含量测试,分析结果显示,样品可分为Si质沉积物和Ca质沉积物两类,其中Si质沉积物富含Si、Mg、Fe、Al,稀土元素含量特征、轻重稀土元素分馏特征,以及稀土元素的北美页岩归一化曲线均表明沉积物保留了N-MORB的特征,主要为基性岩、超基性岩的风化产物;而Ca质沉积物富Ca、LOI、Sr,稀土元素以及微量元素之间的分配均指示沉积物物源为生源主导;所有站位均显示了两类沉积物不同程度的混杂,表明物质来源具有一定的多样性,调查区总体为稳定的偏氧化环境。      

北太平洋150°E-165 °E海域柔鱼重心渔场的年间变动

利用空间距离和灰色关联度分析方法对1995～2001年间北太平洋150°E—165°E柔鱼作业渔场的重心分布进行比较研究,1995～1997年8～10月份作业渔场的重心与1998～2001年存在着较大的差异,前者基本上在150°E—153°30E的42°30′N以南海域,而后者位于155°E-161°E的42°45′N以北海域。聚类结果表明,8月份作业渔场重心分为三类:1998～2001年为一类,1996～1997年为一类,而1995年为一类。9月份产量重心与作业渔船重心的聚类结果则有所不同,产量重心的聚类结果为四类,即1999～2001年为一类,1997、1996年为一类,1998年和1995年各为一类;而作业渔船重心的聚类结果则分为三类,即1999～2001年为一类,1995～1997年为一类,1998年为一类;10月份作业渔场重心分为三类;1998、2001和1999年为一类,1995～1997年为一类,2000年为一类。年间的渔场变化可能是由海洋环境条件所引起。灰色关联分析表明,产量重心与作业渔船重心存在一定的差异。8～10月份作业渔场重心的总体变化趋势为向东北偏东移动。     

VARIABILITY OF THERMOHALINE STRUCTURE AT 4°S,156°E DURING TOGA COARE IOP

The thermohaline structure at 4 °S, 156 °E was analyzed based on CTD data acquired during theTOGA COARE Intensive Observing Period(IOP) from November,1992 to February,1993. The ocean re-sponses during two Madden-Julian Oscillation(MJO)events were preliminarily studied based onmeteorological field observation.The main water masses at the observation point were Tropical SurfaceWater, Southern Subtropical Lower Water and Southern Intermediate Water from surface downward. Therewas good correlation of sea surface temperature with the wind field,and of the surface salinity with windspeed and rainfalls. Both of the two surface variables were also modulated by upwelling caused by west-erly winds at the observation point. The isohaline layer was not always shallower than the isothermal lay-er in this observation and could be considered as the lower limit of the diurnal variation of theisothermal layers in most cases. The existence of large variations of the maximum salinity core is sug-gested to be related to t     

Fractional crystallization processes of magma beneath the Carlsberg Ridge(57°–65°E)

Fractional crystallization of basaltic magma at variable depths in?uences strongly the geochemical compositions of mid-ocean ridge basalts(MORBs), especially at slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges. The Carlsberg Ridge is a typical slow-spreading ridge located in the northwestern Indian Ocean. In this study, we conducted petrological, geochemical and modelling studies of MORBs collected along the Carlsberg Ridge from 57°–65°E to understand the fractional crystallization processes of magma and the controls on variations in MORB geochemistry. Our results show that the mantle sources beneath the Carlsberg Ridge are heterogeneous even on the local scale of a segment; such heterogeneity may be ubiquitous beneath the Carlsberg Ridge. Mantle heterogeneity may be caused by the enriched components resulting in the "DUPAL" anomaly, whereas the ef fect of pyroxenite on mantle heterogeneity is negligible. The parental melts experienced crystallization of olivine, plagioclase and clinopyroxene prior to eruption, which played a signi?cant role in the major and trace element variations in MORBs from the Carlsberg Ridge. The liquid lines of descent(LLDs), deduced from the forward modelling of three parental magma compositions using the Petrolog3 program at pressures between 1 atm and 10 kbar, demonstrate that clinopyroxene joined the olivine and plagioclase cotectic. The over-enrichment in highly incompatible elements relative to LLDs may be caused by the processes of replenishment-tapping-crystallization in magma chambers. The calculated crystallization pressures suggest that parental magmas beneath the Carlsberg Ridge experienced moderateto high-pressure crystallization and that crystallization beneath the slow-spreading Carlsberg Ridge may start at upper mantle depths.     

Decadal variations of the North Pacific Tropical Water at 137°E

The decadal variations of the North Pacific Tropical Water(NPTW)at 137°E in the western North Pacific Ocean are investigated based on the repeated hydrographic observations along with two global gridded ocean products.The results indicate that the maximum salinity of NPTW experiences significant quasi-decadal variations,having maxima around 1979,1987,1995,2004,and 2012,while minima around1974,1983,1991,1999,and 2008 during the period of interest.The NPTW area also shows similar quasidecadal variation,expanding/shrinking as its maximum salinity increases/decreases at the 137°E section.These variations are induced mainly by changes in the mixed layer salinity in the source region and largescale circulation in the northwestern tropical Pacific Ocean,both of which are related to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.The underlying processes at work are further confirmed through conducting the subsurface salinity budget analysis.Besides,short-term processes are also at work through nonlinear interactions,especially after 2000.     

模糊层次分析法在西南印度洋中脊46°~52°E多金属硫化物远景区预测中的应用

海底多金属硫化物作为热液活动的产物,具有较好的成矿远景和开发潜力,已成为各国海洋矿产勘探的重点。模糊层次分析法将模糊数学和专家知识相结合,是一种典型的知识驱动的矿产资源定量预测方法。利用该方法对西南印度洋中脊46°~52°E研究区进行了数据处理,结合专家经验计算9个证据层的权重值,最后由伽马算子进行综合,生成最终的海底硫化物矿床远景区预测图。通过预测-面积（P-A）图分析,确定模糊层次分析法的最优γ值为0.9。用C-A分形的方法确定了不同成矿概率水平对应的阈值,在此基础上评估了方法的预测性能。结果表明,在基于模糊层次分析法的预测模型中,ROC曲线下的面积为0.887,预测的热液点和地震点占已知的90.5%,表明该方法能够有效地预测研究区的有利成矿区域,为今后的海底硫化物勘探提供依据。      

New findings concerning the Pleistocene Glaciation of the Leh Basin,Ladakh (34°03′ N/77°38′ E)

Like for most parts of High Asia, researches concerning the Pleistocene landscape evolution of the Leh Basin (34°03′ N/77°38′ E) have also left contradictions. To push this topic, three up to now unexplored Ladakh Range tributaries of the Leh Basin (Stagmo-, Arzu- and Nang-Valley) have been investigated. U-shaped profiles, transfluence passes, moraine mantled and glacially rounded peaks and ridges, roches moutonnées, glacial flank polishings and ground moraines document the former glaciation of the study area. The ice fillings of these tributaries reached a minimum thickness up to 540 m. Even at the valley outlets and on the orographic right side of the Leh Basin, the glaciation was more than 350 m thick. Based on these empirically extracted results, theoretical snow line considerations lead to the conclusion that the whole Leh Basin was filled up by a former Indus-Valley glacier. An ice injection limited to the nourishment areas of the Ladakh Range valleys could not have caused the reconstructed ice cover (down to 3236 m a.s.l.), which is proved by extended ground moraine complexes. Only an Indus ice stream network (most likely during the LGP), nourished by inflowing glaciers of the Ladakh- and Stok Range, explains the widespread existence of the glacial sediments at the outlets of the investigated valleys.     

SUBSURFACE TEMPERATURE AND ITS RELATION TO DYNAMIC HEIGHT AT 130°E ACROSS THENORTH EQUATORIAL CURRENT

Temperature profiles down to 1500m(CTD) collected by Academia Sinica from 1986 to 1990 are used and discussed in relation to the dynamic heights at130 E across the North Equatorial Current (NEC). An extremely high correlation between subsurface (say at 400 m depth) temperature and dynamic height relative to 1500 db is found, and the corresponding regression relationships suggest a method to estimate gpostrophic circulation from subsurface temperature alone. These suggest that the conclusions from extensive studies on this topic in Australian waters also apply to the NEC region, at least at130 E , thus making the subsurface thermal structure an excellent indicator of the variation of the NEC.     

资源360°论语

“规划规划,不如领导一句话。”——投资7000多万元,号称“国内最高人物铜像”被拆……日前,“广西柳州柳宗元人物铜像被拆”事件在网络上持续发酵,也引发了2014中国城市规划年会与会嘉宾关注和热议。9月13—15日在海口召开的中国城市规划年会上,多名城市规划专家指出,城市当政者与规划者要谨防长官意志导致政绩规划、随意规划,同时还需谨防利益驱使导致商业规划、过度规划。     

资源360°动态

国土资源部办公厅下发通知开展打非治违专项行动 国土资源部办公厅近日下发《关于配合开展“六打六治”打非治违专项行动的通知》,就国土资源主管部门配合开展“六打六治。专项行动有关事项作出部署。“六打六治。就是对6类非法违法、违规违章行为,进行集中打击和整治。其中包括：打击矿山企业无证开采、超越批准的矿区范围采矿行为,整治图纸造假、图实不符问题：打击破坏损害油气管道行为,整治管道周边乱建乱挖乱钻问题。     

资源360°舆情

官员腐败 受贿 贪污 贵州 8月17日 今年5月起,赛昭市开展为期一年的打击党员干部参与违法“种房”的“三禁止”专项行动。目前,已查处党员干部参与、支持纵容和收受贿赂等有关违法“种房”的案件51件55人,使违法“种房”势头得到遏制。     

A STATISTICAL STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP OF EL NINO EVENTS TO THE HYDROGRAPHY ALONG 137°E IN WINTER

Principal component analysis (PCA) as used by meteorologists and oceanographers is a powerful tool for analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of physical fields.This study was aimed at applying "quasi-local PCA for singular factor" to make the cumulative percentage for the first principal component as great as possible, so that a multi-dimensional problem can be reduced to a single-dimensional one, and then stepwise regression analysis can be used to parameterize the relationship between El Nino events and the hydrographic factor anomalies along 137 癊 in winter.The results show that the salinity anomalies on 30 m level, the sigmat on 250 m level, and the temperature on 300 m level at 8 癗 are most closely related with El Nino events because of thermocline movement caused by enhanced upwelling in this area during El Nino years.     

The Origin and Preservation of Suspended Barites near the 90°E Ridge in the Northeastern Indian Ocean

Suspended particulate barite crystals were detected in the water columns at four different stations near the 90°E ridge in the Indian Ocean. Four distinct morphological types of marine barites were distinguished: euhedral-subhedral crystals, oval or round crystals, rhombic crystals, and irregular crystals. The barite crystals in the study area are typically fine, with a dominant size of 1 – 3μm. The vertical distribution of barites is significantly affected by the formation and sedimentation pro...     

STATISTICAL STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP OF EL NIO EVENTS AND THE HYDROGRAPHY ALONG 137 °E IN SUMMER

Principal component analysis (PCA) used by meteorologists and oceanographers is a powerful tool for the analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of physical fields .This study is aimed at applying " quasi-local PCA for singular factor " to make the cumulative percentage for the first principal component as great as possible , so that the many-dimension problem can be reduced to a single-dimension one , and at combining PCA with stepwise regression analysis to parameterize the relationship between El Nino events and the anomalies in hydrographic factors along 137°E in summer.The results show that the hydrography on 30-50 m levels at 7-9° N along 137° E in summer is very closely correlated with El Nino events because of the thermocline movement caused by enhanced upwelling in this area during El Nino years .     

The Mineral Composition and Sources of the Fine-Grained Sediments from the 49.6°E Hydrothermal Field at the SWIR

We used the X-ray diffraction method to determine systematically the mineral phases in bulk sediment samples and acid undissolved residuals of the fine-grained fraction of the surface sediments from the 49.6°E hydrothermal field at the Southwest Indian Ridge(SWIR)and discussed the mineral sources of the surface sediments.The results showed that the surface sediments in this region were composed of calcareous ooze,and calcite was the dominant mineral.The sediments also contained quartz,feldspar,clay minerals,pyroxene,sphalerite,barite,serpentine,and magnetite.The quartz,feldspar,and clay minerals were exogenous minerals that mainly originated from the Namib and Kalahari deserts in southern Africa.The pyroxene,serpentine,magnetite,sphalerite,calcite,and barite were endogenous minerals from weathering of seafloor basement rocks and seafloor hydrothermal activities.The sulfide particles in the sediments were mainly deposited from upwelling plumes.     

The North Equatorial Current/Undercurrent volume transport and its 40-day variability from a mooring array along 130°E

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Traditionally, the estimated volume transport of the North Equatorial Current/Undercurrent (NEC/NEUC) is based on geostrophic equations and/or model results;...     

Projected Regional 1.50°C and 2.00°C Warming Threshold-crossing Time Worldwide Using the CMIP6 Models

The Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to well below 2.00°C and pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.50°C. However, the response of climate change to unbalanced global warming is affected by spatial and temporal sensitivities. To better understand the regional warming response to global warming at 1.50°C and 2.00°C, we detected the 1.50°C and 2.00°C warming threshold-crossing time(WTT) above pre-industrial levels globally using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project...     

北纬30°--优质茶叶产区带

北纬30°是地球上一条奇特的地质带,也是一条优质茶叶产区带。西湖龙井、君山银针、蒙顶甘露等10大传统名茶中有9个就产生在这一纬度上,中国两大优质茶区正好穿它而过。产生这一优质茶叶生产带的原因:一是地球板块碰撞产生的奇异地貌和土壤母质;二是北纬30°的宜茶气候条件;三是生物多样性带来良好的生态环境。这一带生产的茶叶不仅品质良好,而且安全可靠,有着十分光明的发展前景。     

New findings concerning the Pleistocene Glaciation of the Leh Basin,Ladakh(34°03'N/77°38'E)

Like for most parts of High Asia,researches concerning the Pleistocene landscape evolution of the Leh Basin(34°03' N/77°38' E) have also left contradictions.To push this topic,three up to now unexplored Ladakh Range tributaries of the Leh Basin(Stagmo-,Arzu-and Nang-Valley) have been investigated.U-shaped profiles,transfluence passes,moraine mantled and glacially rounded peaks and ridges,roches moutonnées,glacial flank polishings and ground moraines document the former glaciation of the study area.The ice fillings of these tributaries reached a minimum thickness up to 540 m.Even at the valley outlets and on the orographic right side of the Leh Basin,the glaciation was more than 350 m thick.Based on these empirically extracted results,theoretical snow line considerations lead to the conclusion that the whole Leh Basin was filled up by a former Indus-Valley glacier.An ice injection limited to the nourishment areas of the Ladakh Range valleys could not have caused the reconstructed ice cover(down to 3236 m a.s.l.),which is proved by extended ground moraine complexes.Only an Indus ice stream network(most likely during the LGP),nourished by inflowing glaciers of the Ladakh-and Stok Range,explains the widespread existence of the glacial sediments at the outlets of the investigated valleys.     

壶瓶山:北纬30°的湖南北之极

<正>壶瓶山是我的南国"十大屋脊"系列寻访活动中最后一座2000米以上高山,此前我已经登过黄岗山、猫儿山、真宝顶、南风面、齐云山,八面山、韭菜岭、大南山、龙脊等九座南方高山。壶瓶山地处湘鄂边界,海拔2099米,由于路程远,交通不便,加上山顶无住宿条件,行程一拖再拖,直到今年8月5日才有机会一窥壶