近20年辽河三角洲地貌演化

运用钻探和浅地层探测等最新调查成果,对近20年的辽河三角洲潮流沉积进行了研究.根据不同时期水深地形和卫星影像资料对比分析了现代辽河三角洲潮流地貌变化.现代辽河三角洲的沉积主体位于双台子河口.研究区10 m深度内的地层主要包括:潮滩相、潮道相和浅海相沉积,其下为古三角洲相.潮滩相沉积物以砂和粉砂为主,分选中等,跳跃和悬浮组分各占50%左右:浅海相和潮道相沉积物主要为软弱的粘土质粉砂和粉砂质粘土,以悬浮组分为主.全新世以来至1896年,研究区为古辽河、古大凌河和绕阳河之间的小海湾.1896年,双台子河被人工开挖为分洪河道以来,口门外形成盖州滩等潮滩,并快速发育.1958年,双台子河建闸后,人海径流量和输沙量减小.目前.双台子河口整体处于淤积状态,潮滩面积不断增加,整体向南、西、北3个方向扩展.潮滩最大淤进速率为87～683 m/a,平均淤积速率为0.189 m/a.潮滩东侧局部发生侵蚀,平均侵蚀速率为0.122 m/a.潮道面积缩小,具有向西、向北迁移的趋势,最大迁移速率为48～200m/a.双台子河口地貌发育受径流、海洋动力和人类活动的影响,沉积物的主要来源由双台子河河流输沙演变为潮流和沿岸流输沙.     

Recent geomorphic changes in the Liaohe Estuary

This paper mainly analyzes the geomorphological changes of the tidal deposition in the Liaohe Estuary based on the multi-year bathymetric charts in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2005 and Landsat TM images in 1987, 1994, 2002 and 2005. Evolution of the tidal depositional system during the past 20 years in the Liaohe River was studied on the basis of 50 boreholes drilling and 30 km shallow stratigraphic exploration from 2002 to 2005. The main tidal depositional body of the modern Liaohe River delta is located in the Shuangtaizihe Estuary. The stratum within the depth of 10 m includes tidal bank facies, tidal channel facies and neritic facies with paleo-delta facies underlying them. The sediments of tidal bank facies are mainly composed of sand and silt with siltation load and suspended load of about 50% respectively in proportion. The sediment of tidal channel facies and neritic facies is composed of clayey silt and silty clay which belongs to suspended load. The study area was a small bay between the old Daliaohe River, the old Dalinghe River and the Raoyanghe River complex delta since the Holocene to 1896. Many tidal banks formed and expanded rapidly after the Shuangtaizihe River was excavated by labor in 1896. The runoff and sediment discharge have decreased since the construction of brake at the Shuangtaizihe River in 1958.The Shuangtaizihe Estuary is in the state of deposition as a whole whose tidal bank is increasing and expanding southward, westward and northward. The maximum expansion speed is 87 to 683 m/a and the mean depositional rate is 0.189 m/a. Erosion occurred in some part of tidal bank with average erosional rate of 0.122 m/a. The tidal channel was filled up with sediment at a migration speed of 48–200 m/a. Geomorphologic changes have happened under the combined influences of runoff, ocean dynamics and human activities. The main source of sediment changes from river sediment to sediment driven by tidal current and longshore current.     

黄河、辽河三角洲农业发展的比较研究

黄河三角洲和辽河三角洲是中国北方两个有代表性的大河三角洲，通过比较农业发展的自然条件，结构状况，历史和发展趋势，分析了它们的共性和差异，在此基础上提出了中国北方三角洲实现农业可持续发展的途径；通过水土整治工程，形成农业可持续发展的环境条件和基础设施，通过生态农业和生态工程，形成农业可持续发展的技术模式和良性循环，通过结构调整和农村经济社会的发展，形成农业可持续发展的宏观调控和支持保障系统。     

辽河三角洲湿地生态循环经济模式探讨

辽河三角洲湿地是我国重要的湿地资源之一。随着经济和社会的快速发展,人们对辽河口湿地土壤、水、生物、矿产等资源的掠夺越来越严重,湿地资源过度开发,湿地退化严重,生态环境失衡。因此,如何保护和利用好辽河口湿地资源并实现良性的生态循环经济,已成为迫切需要解决的问题。根据可持续性评价目标提出了建立生态循环经济模式的5大评价标准:生产性、稳定性、保护性、经济可行性和社会承受力,在此基础上探讨了3种生态循环经济模式。     

辽河口芦苇沼泽对水体氮、磷的净化能力研究

2009年5～9月,通过对芦苇(Phragmitesaustralis)沼泽积水不同形态氮、磷含量的监测,研究辽河口芦苇沼泽氮、磷污染物的组成和变化规律,分析了沼泽系统降解氮、磷的特征;以现场监测数据为基础,计算了芦苇沼泽系统对积水中总氮和总磷的去除能力,以及芦苇吸收对去除总氮、总磷的贡献.结果表明,芦苇沼泽积水中氮的...     

辽河三角洲湿地资源景观特征评价及生态旅游开发

生态旅游概念提出以来,全球生态旅游在理论和实践2个方面都得到了很大发展,成为现在主要的旅游活动形式之一.辽河三角洲是我国七大江河三角洲之一,拥有丰富的湿地资源,非常适合进行生态旅游的开发.文章在分析辽河三角洲湿地资源景观特征的基础上,结合该地区旅游开发存在的问题,对其开展湿地生态旅游的前景作了分析,提出了开展湿地生态旅游的对策.     

基于辽河口湿地生态系统服务的等级补偿制度

作为生态补偿制度的核心问题,补偿标准存在诸多争议。随着生态系统服务的价值化与定量化,以生态服务量作为生态补偿标准逐渐成为一种共识。以辽河口湿地生态服务为研究对象,提出基于生态价值的等级补偿制度。根据环境特征,将辽河口湿地生态服务分为物质供给(石油供给、植物供给、水产品供给)、调节服务(水文调节、气候调节、污染物降解)、支持服务(生物多样性保护、促淤造陆)、文化服务(科学教育、休闲旅游)4大类。基于以上生态服务类型,采用专家打分法,分别赋予一定的权重(W)。对某一特定的生态服务而言,根据其年生态服务价值量变化率的高低,分别赋予对应的分值(S),生态服务补偿指数(In)=W×S。根据总生态补偿指数的高低,依次给予6个等级,建立合理的等级生态补偿制度,为科学制定湿地保护政策提供理论依据。     

辽河流域生态需水估算

从辽河流域存在的环境问题出发,在确定主要生态需水类型的基础上,基于水资源分区,分别估算各水资源分区的不同类型的生态需水,包括枯季河道生态需水、汛期输沙需水、入海需水、地下水恢复需补充的水量、河口湿地生态需水等。针对辽河流域季节性河流的特点,提出了枯水季节最小流量法的枯季河道生态需水计算方法。计算结果表明,辽河流域生态需水总量为130.44×10⁸m³,占地表径流的48.3%,其中浑太河、东辽河2个水资源分区的生态需水量占地表径流的比例在60%以上,辽河干流生态需水量占地表径流的53.5%,其余水资源分区生态需水量占地表径流的比例均在50%以下。研究结果为流域水资源配置及水环境保护与恢复提供科学依据。     

Hydrologic and geomorphic processes in the Colville River delta, Alaska

The Colville basin drains the North Slope of Alaska and is one of several large Arctic river systems located within permafrost. The timing and style of fluvial processes in the earth's permafrost regions differ from those occurring in midlatitude settings. Moreover, in comparison to temperate-zone systems, rivers located entirely within permafrost perform most of their work during relatively short periods of time. This paper examines river ice hydrology and the resulting geomorphic processes that occur within the Colville delta, Alaska. Fluvial processes and landform development within the Colville delta occur after the flood-pulse is initiated by the breakup of river ice. During this 4-month period, the geomorphic processes are largely influenced by the movement of ice. The flood-pulse and accompanying river ice influences erosional and depositional processes and results in unique styles of sediment transport, deposition, and riverbank erosion.     

辽河三角洲湿地生物多样性功能评价

在辽河三角洲湿地生物多样性调查的基础上,对辽河三角洲生物多样性进行评价,主要包括物种多样性和生态系统多样性。按照生物多样性评价标准,辽河三角洲湿地生物多样性处于一般水平,需要加大湿地生物多样性的保护力度。