基于地层时序与属性语义的相邻钻孔地层连接与推理

相邻钻孔之间地层连接关系的判断与推理是基于钻孔数据的三维地学建模的关键。相邻钻孔之间地层的连接关系可分为基于年代地层单位的时序地层关系和基于地层属性的岩性地层关系两种;地层属性及其语义关系是岩性地层关系判断和细节地层连接的基础。相邻钻孔之间细节地层的岩性连接有对应、包含和尖灭3种,基于地层属性及其语义关系的地层连接关系推理有6种基本模式,设计了相应的地层连接推理算法。以徐州地区两个邻近地质区域的寒武纪钻孔数据为例,在GeoMo3D平台上进行了地层连接与推理实验,验证了基于细节地层属性的语义关系进行连接推理的可行性与可靠性。     

3D GIS与3D GMS中的空间构模技术

3DGIS和3DGMS是近10年来地学领域并行发展的两大领域,该文从研究对象,数据来源,空间参照,空间构模,拓扑描述,空间量算,空间分析及应用领域等方面分析了3DGIS和3DGMS异同,并从数学模型,高程特征,属性特征和构建方式等方面讨论并重新界定了空间维数问题,重点分析了空间构模技术,将3D GIS和3D GMS中的空间构模分为基于面模型,基于体模型和混合构模3大类,并进行了分析比较和讨论,指出3D GIS和3D GMS将殊途同归,并最终建立全要素的真3D地球信息系统。     

浅地层地震剖面技术在湖泊沉积环境中的应用进展

浅地层地震剖面探测技术是一种基于声学原理连续走航式探测水下浅部地层结构与构造、沉积物特征及矿物分布的地球物理探测方法,具有连续性好、分辨率高和直观性强的特点。在湖泊沉积尤其是水下沉积研究中,弥补了沉积物钻孔分析"一柱之见"的局限性,能够更加直观准确地揭示湖泊沉积层垂向和横向地层结构、构造及其空间分布。回顾浅地层地震剖面探测技术的发展历程,基于湖泊地震相解释的原理,其在湖泊水位、湖泊古地质活动、湖盆形态演变等研究中已有一定的应用,初显了浅地层地震剖面探测技术在晚更新世以来湖泊沉积研究中的独特优势。近期,与RS和GIS技术结合,实现了湖泊沉积2D和3D可视化。湖泊水浅、植物多、浮泥厚等因素影响反射波与图像质量,浅地层地震剖面探测技术在硬件设备、数据采集时的参数设置及数据后处理软件功能完善等方面,仍有待提高。     

盐湖化学分析测试中心

浅地层地震剖面探测技术是一种基于声学原理连续走航式探测水下浅部地层结构与构造、沉积物特征及矿物分布的地球物理探测方法,具有连续性好、分辨率高和直观性强的特点。在湖泊沉积尤其是水下沉积研究中,弥补了沉积物钻孔分析"一柱之见"的局限性,能够更加直观准确地揭示湖泊沉积层垂向和横向地层结构、构造及其空间分布。回顾浅地层地震剖面探测技术的发展历程,基于湖泊地震相解释的原理,其在湖泊水位、湖泊古地质活动、湖盆形态演变等研究中已有一定的应用,初显了浅地层地震剖面探测技术在晚更新世以来湖泊沉积研究中的独特优势。近期,与RS和GIS技术结合,实现了湖泊沉积2D和3D可视化。湖泊水浅、植物多、浮泥厚等因素影响反射波与图像质量,浅地层地震剖面探测技术在硬件设备、数据采集时的参数设置及数据后处理软件功能完善等方面,仍有待提高。     

密度、距离及分割视角下长三角区域城市韧性逻辑建构与实证分析

风险影响的跨区域性凸显了城市网络在增强城市韧性中的重要性。立足新经济地理学理论中密度-距离-分割三大要素（3D要素）,从区域及城区层级上构建包含生态密度、空间距离及社会分割指标的城市韧性综合指数模型,以长三角41市为例,运用空间计量方法研究韧性指数特征、均衡发展状态及3D要素对韧性水平的影响效应。结果显示：(1)区域中城市韧性水平总体偏低,在空间上呈现以“苏锡常”为核心向外梯度递减的圈层式+轴线型韧性发展格局;韧性等级与区位条件、规划衔接以及内外均衡发展状态高度相关。(2)随着城市韧性水平的提升,城区层级上的抵御恢复力及区域层级上的适应转型力均衡趋势增强。高水平韧性城市中两者趋向均衡发展,中低水平韧性城市中两者存在失衡;(3)不同层级的3D要素对韧性水平的影响存在差异性,区域层级上的主导要素为距离,而城区层级上则为密度,二者交互后的影响更加显著。     

武汉城市圈国土空间综合功能分区北大核心CSCDCSSCI

以武汉城市圈为典型案例区开展国土空间综合功能分区实证研究。首先基于县域土地利用数据、社会经济数据和补充调查数据,从生产、生活和生态(三生)功能角度遴选出表征国土空间不同主题要素的24个指标因子,构建基于"要素—功能"的评价指标体系;然后从评价单元开始对10类空间二级功能进行比例关系表达,并通过BP神经网络方法评价三生功能承载力;最后引入双约束聚类法划定国土空间综合功能区,并匹配相应的调控政策。研究表明:基于统一的功能分类和指标体系实现功能比例表达在不同尺度间传递;武汉城市圈国土空间可划分为3个一级综合功能区和7个二级综合功能区。研究成果可为武汉城市圈国土空间格局优化提供参考。     

武汉城市圈国土空间综合功能分区

以武汉城市圈为典型案例区开展国土空间综合功能分区实证研究。首先基于县域土地利用数据、社会经济数据和补充调查数据,从生产、生活和生态(三生)功能角度遴选出表征国土空间不同主题要素的24个指标因子,构建基于"要素—功能"的评价指标体系;然后从评价单元开始对10类空间二级功能进行比例关系表达,并通过BP神经网络方法评价三生功能承载力;最后引入双约束聚类法划定国土空间综合功能区,并匹配相应的调控政策。研究表明:基于统一的功能分类和指标体系实现功能比例表达在不同尺度间传递;武汉城市圈国土空间可划分为3个一级综合功能区和7个二级综合功能区。研究成果可为武汉城市圈国土空间格局优化提供参考。     

快速城镇化区域用地扩张模拟的规划约束对比研究

挖掘规划要素对于用地模拟的影响程度,为科学预知快速城镇化区域用地状况和城乡规划编制提供依据。采用基于决策向导(Decision Wizard)的元胞自动机和马尔科夫链(CA-Markov)的综合模型,以重庆两江新区2010年、2013年和2016年Landsat影像为例,分别对有无规划约束下的用地状况进行模拟,探讨不同类型的规划在其中发挥的作用,并合理预测研究区未来用地状况。结果显示,规划约束下模拟的Kappa系数为80.62%,表明规划要素可以一定程度上提高模拟结果的准确性;建设用地扩张沿交通线发展明显,面状规划要素主要体现在对建设用地发展的限制中;研究区未来建设用地将继续大幅扩张,需要调整现有规划方能满足进一步发展需求。     

我国资源环境承载约束地域分异及类型划分（英文）

开展资源环境承载约束地域类型研究是推进我国工业化和城镇化发展的重要基础工作之一。本文以人均可利用土地资源潜力、人均可利用水资源潜力、环境胁迫度、生态制约度为关键指标,通过构建分步式或集成式测算方法,按县级单元分别对我国水、土、环境和生态等资源环境要素的承载约束进行了测算、空间差异分析和地域类型划分。结果表明:(1)我国有近90%的国土已处于资源环境的强约束状态,其中近半受到双要素的强约束,且主要分布在贺兰山-龙门山线以东的人口产业密集区。(2)我国东、中部人口密集地区以及青藏高原已处于土地资源缺乏的强约束状态;华北、西北、东北、四川盆地以及南方城市地区已处于水资源缺乏的强约束状态;华北平原、长三角及苏北、川渝黔桂省区、东北平原、黄土高原地区北部等地已达到环境胁迫强约束程度;生态强约束区域主要集中在天山-大别山线的西南部,该线东北部的黄土高原、阿拉善盟、东北周边及苏北沿海也有成片分布。(3)资源环境承载约束的要素交叉类型多样,多要素约束类型空间分布相对集中,除青藏高原为土地-生态约束类型外,其它交叉约束类型主要集中在贺兰山-龙门山线以东地区。     

关于白乃庙西区露天煤矿涌水量预测的探讨

位于内蒙古乌兰察布市四子王旗境内的白乃庙西区露天煤矿,通过详查及勘探,区内含煤地层为一套内陆湖盆相沉积的新生界第三系中新统通古尔组中段,煤层顶底板为深灰色含碳屑泥岩,矿床水文地质条件简单。露天开采日最大降水直接降落在采坑中的水量多年平均值为6.9万m3/d;矿坑涌水量为150m3/d。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,