数字摄影测量与"数字城市"建设

以数字摄影测量在"数字哈尔滨"建设中的综合利用为例,探讨了数字摄影测量在数字城市建设中的作用.     

GPS辅助数字摄影测量

数码相机在航空摄影测量中的应用,没有了传统胶片的冲洗等后处理过程,拍摄完毕马上就能对拍摄的影像质量以及拍摄有无漏洞进行检查,这就使得航摄作业快速、灵活、方便。GPS与数码相机结合应用于摄影测量将极大地减少航摄地面控制测量的工作量,这必将大力促进数码相机在摄影测量中的应用。     

数码相机检验中出现的问题及解决方法

数码相机的检验是近景摄影测量中经常碰到的问题。最常用的主要还是基于共线方程的后方交会法。但由于普通数码相机存在较大的镜头畸变,内方位元素也未知,所以仅用单片进行后方交会求取有关参数时,法方程可能会出现病态现象,从而影响最后的检验结果。文中对此现象进行了讨论,并给出了一些实用的解决方法。     

一种修改建筑物底部DEM和DLG的实用方法

三维快速建模在实现三维数字城市建设进程中起着举足轻重的作用。针对JX-4G数字摄影测量系统测得的数字高程模型（DEM）和数字线划图（DLG）,提出一种改进的方法,主要对建筑物底部的DEM和道路DEM处存在的不匹配问题进行修改,并对DLG数据中建筑物高度信息的缺失进行改进。改进后的DEM和数字正射影像图（DOM）能生成更高精度的数字表面模型（DSM）,为高效率、高精度地建立三维数字城市模型奠定基础。     

基于ERDAS软件的敦煌壁画正射影像的制作

数字正射影像(DOM)以其丰富的景观信息,高质量的几何精度而得到了广泛应用。以敦煌220窟内 壁西墙的DOM的生成为例,总结利用数字摄影测量技术制作数字高程模型(DEM)及在此基础上叙述了制作数 字正射影像图(DOM)的原理与过程。     

数码相机可量测化的研制

普通数码相机在图像获取方面有着很多优势，但它是非量测化相机，不能用普通数字摄影测量方法对其数字图像进行处理。针对这一情况，本文进行了数码相机的可量测化研制，并将其投入实际应用。实际应用的结果证明研制工作是成功的。     

数字近景摄影测量建筑容积率调查技术研究

城市建筑容积率是城市土地利用集约化程度的一个重要标志。基于遥感影像进行容积率调查的方法应用范围广,但误差较大。本文将数字近景摄影测量技术应用于精准容积率调查,研究了基于数字地图的单张像片参数以及顾及空间固定条件的立体像对前方交会方法,实现高精度的三维坐标获取。本文将普通数码相机和PDA相结合,辅助以GPS和全站仪等,实现了价格低廉、应用灵活快速的容积率调查集成系统,能够现场完成数据采集、存储。     

基于DLT的数字天顶摄影测量仪相机检校

本文详细介绍了基于DLT的数字天顶摄影测量仪相机检校技术方案;简要介绍了数字天顶摄影测量仪的相机连接器件和检校过程中使用的DLT(直接线性变换)程序;针对检校方案做了详细的精度分析,并根据检校结论得出了数字天顶摄影测量仪相机选用的各项标准,证实了连接器件的设计合理性,以及基于DLT线性变换的检校方案的可行性。     

无人飞行器低空摄影技术探讨

陕西省第二测绘院自2007年关注利用无人机进行航空摄影测量,2008年在陕西凤翔县,“中兵光电公司”合作试验,按测量规范的标准生产出1:2000的正射影像地图15Km2.本文以我们实践体会,就“无人机摄影测量”的推广应用中遇到的问题,以测量用户的角度提出推进建议.     

浅谈数字正射影像图的制作与应用

简述了利用原始影像制作正射影像图的方法及数字影像图在实际工作中的应用。     

The Digital National Framework and Digital Photogrammetry at Ordnance Survey

Over recent months the Ordnance Survey, Britain's national mapping agency, has changed the way in which it uses photogrammetry to update its large scales topographic database. The nature of the database itself has also changed during the same period, as the concept of a "Digital National Framework" has developed. This paper describes the Digital National Framework, the topographic data captured by Ordnance Survey within this framework and the capture methods currently used. The paper concentrates on the use of photogrammetry in the update process, describing the methods of the past, the methods currently in production, and the outlook for photogrammetry within the Ordnance Survey in future.     

一种无控制近景摄影测量原型系统的实现及应用

本文研究的无控制数字近景摄影测量系统是集GPS、电子经纬仪、数码相机和个人数字助理(PDA)等硬件设备于一身,辅以数据处理中心,形成的一种快速的目标三维、纹理和属性信息获取的新型测量系统。该系统是对传统地面摄影测量作业方式的一次提升,是对国内地面(近景)摄影测量领域一体化仪器的补充。     

DMC数字航摄在大比例尺地形图成图中的应用

数字航空摄影具有从测量到成图的全过程数字化的优点。结合1∶2000地形图DMC全数字摄影测量项目对面阵CCD航摄像机用于大比例尺航测成图的基本要求进行了分析研究,提出数字像机的几何标定、数字摄影的质量检验和生产作业规范制订的必要性。     

JX-4A全数字摄影测量系统测制大比例尺地形图

介绍了全数字摄影测量系统，并以JX－4A数字摄影测量工作站为例，介绍了全数字测图的的方法和应该解决的几个问题，最后辅以实例探讨了大比例尺测图精度及检测方法。     

Engineering a Remote Survey of Jet's Divertor Structure Under Conditions of Restricted Access Using Digital Photogrammetry

JET (Joint European Torus) Joint Undertaking is currently planning to install its new Gasbox Divertor remotely. In line with JET's policy and philosophy, it was decided to survey the divertor structure remotely to confirm its position, shape and integrity prior to installing the new tile configuration. A survey to metrology standards with sub-millimetre accuracy is required. While remote surveys have been carried out in the past, they have not been to this level of accuracy. Digital photogrammetry (the evolution of photogrammetry, using CCD cameras) in conjunction with “targetless” software was selected as being the most suitable technique. It was seen as the natural evolution of the survey techniques already developed for use at JET, as well as having the potential to assist in preparations for future remote handling operations. Photogrammetry requires a large number of retroreflective targets to ensure accurate results. Clearly it would not be practical to fit targets remotely to the divertor structure. However, a technique has been developed at JET which uses a combination of targeted and targetless photogrammetry. A number of frames fitted with targets will be remotely positioned on the divertor structure. When surveyed these targets allow accurate determination of camera positions. Specially developed software allows the selection of untargeted features of components in the digital pictures. Their co-ordinates can be determined by triangulation from the known camera positions. Trials have shown that accuracy of ±0.6 mm is achievable. This paper will describe the development of this concept, the design of the necessary equipment, the testing to prove the accuracy and feasibility and the trials carried out in JET's In-vessel Training Facility. These included remote handling of the six million pixel camera and other equipment, data handling and download via an ethernet link through the remote handling articulated boom, development of survey techniques, optimization of analysis techniques using coded targets for fast processing and finally the engineering assessment of the divertor structure based on survey results.     

数字化测绘技术在公路改扩建中的应用

主要对现有公路改扩建中的数字化勘测及数字化设计进行了探讨,首先概述了湖南梅城公路改扩建项目背景,然后对数字摄影测量、GPS-RTK三维路基数据获取以及数字路基模型及与地面模型叠加等方面进行了论述,最后指出了生成1:2000三维数字地形图用于纸上定线和建立数字地面模型,能够达到公路改扩建带状图绘测精度的要求。     

The Z/I Imaging Digital Camera System

Market needs for airborne and spaceborne imagery used in photogrammetry and GIS applications are changing. Fundamental changes in sensors, platforms and applications are currently taking place. Most recently, new high resolution spaceborne sensors have become available. Besides classical photogrammetry, new thematic applications will drive the future image market. Savings in cost and time, together with the need for higher and reproducible radiometric resolution or spectral information will push forward the change from analogue to digital imagery. High resolution satellites will compete with airborne film-based photography and digital camera systems.
With the availability of a digital airborne camera, it is possible to completely close the digital chain from image acquisition to exploitation and data distribution. The key decision regarding the camera design in this case is whether a linear or area array sensor should be used. In view of the high geometric accuracy requirements in photogrammetry, Z/I Imaging has focused development on a digital camera based on an area sensor. An essential aspect of this decision was not only the aerial camera system, but also the entire photogrammetric process to the finished photographic or mapping product. If this point of view is adopted, it becomes clear that the development of a digital camera involves more than simply exchanging film for silicon. Aspects such as data transfer rates, in-flight data processing and storage, image archiving, georeferencing, colour fusion, calibration and preprocessing have the same influence on the economic assessment of a digital camera system. This paper describes current development activities and application aspects of a digital modular airborne camera system.     

房屋震害预测数字化辅助方法

为提高房屋震害预测效率,将数字化技术应用于房屋震害预测分类工作中。利用航空摄影测量、遥感及地理信息系统技术,提出两种房屋震害预测分类数字化辅助方法。若预测区域有符合条件的遥感影像对,利用航空摄影测量技术可获得DSM及DEM模型,进一步从层数上对建筑物进行分类。另一种方法则是利用遥感技术提取有关建筑物阴影信息,由阴影计算建筑物层数,进而对建筑物进行分类。利用地理信息系统自动统计不同类建筑物总面积,画出不同类建筑的地理分布图。与传统方法相比,这种方法效率高,可以纵览全局,减少房屋震害预测现场调查工作量,提高震害预测工作效率。     

数字近景摄影在建筑物变形监测中的应用

对传统的摄影测量技术与近景摄影测量技术进行比较;阐述近景摄影测量技术的优点;介绍近景摄影测量的数学模型及用近景摄影测量进行变形观测的优点;给出了应用实例,并作了精度分析。     

The Measurement of River Channel Morphology Using Digital Photogrammetry

This paper seeks to review the progress that is being achieved by fluvial geomorphologists in making use of digital photogrammetry for river channel research. Fluvial geomorphology is first placed in a basic historical context from which the failure to make full use of the potential of photogrammetry is noted. A review is then given of the ways in which fluvial geomorphologists are now making use of photogrammetry, recognizing that the development of digital approaches has both made photogrammetry a more cost-effective tool and also introduced a range of new research questions. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of these questions and to illustrate some of the ways in which they are being addressed. Special attention is given to the issue of data quality, which is frequently (and perhaps conveniently) ignored.