内蒙古中部地区太古宙绿岩带金矿找矿标志

内蒙中部地区金矿集中分布在太古界花岗岩──—绿岩带中，并受区域深大断裂带及韧性剪切变质带的控制，构成内蒙中部金的矿化集中区。尽管人们对金矿化的成因有不同认识，但找矿标志是有规律可寻的，因而，总结内蒙中部地区金矿化的找矿标志是有重要意义的。本文着重通过内蒙古中部区的含金建造、容矿构造、岩浆活动、载金矿物、围岩蚀变及地球物理、地球化学、遥感影象和重砂等方面，总结本区的金矿找矿标志。     

多源地学信息图像复合处理技术在区域成矿统计预测中的应用研究—以冀北张家口金矿集中区为例

本文以冀北金矿集中区为例,利用系列遥感影像图,开展构造、岩性解译和蚀变信息提取;根据航磁△T、甚低频垂直虚分量和航放K/Th彩色密度分割图像,提取与金矿化有关的地球物理成矿预测变量。综合遥感及地质、矿产、物探、化探等图像资料,在区域金矿成矿理论指导下,以数字图像处理技术为手段,进行图像之间的复合处理,开展区域金矿成矿规律分析,提取区域金矿找矿预测评价标志（变量）。采用信息量法、特征分析法和见矿概率回归估计法等方法开展金矿成矿统计预测,圈定13处找矿远景区。     

山东归来庄地区综合信息找矿模型及靶区预测

物化遥信息的精细化研究是归来庄金矿区找矿新突破的关键。该区化探区域异常范围大,数值高,和燕山期次火山成岩作用相一致,而成矿却和低缓局部异常相一致。重磁异常轴线错动、弯转较多,错动后的产状缓倾侧有利于成矿物质的富集。多期岩浆活动造成遥感多重环状构造交汇及线状与环状构造交汇。由此建立两条找矿主线:隐伏岩体边部、外缘-大中型的构造破碎带-产状变换部位-低缓地球化学区域异常-重磁异常产状倾缓-侧-遥感多重环状构造的交汇部位;地质构造环境的突变处-地球化学障-重磁等值线方向的突变-遥感线性构造的转折处。以归来庄金矿成矿模式为基础,对以上信息进行整合,建立了归来庄地区的找矿模型,并在此基础上优选了银洞沟、十字庄等三个找矿靶区。     

吉林省延边地区造山型金矿地球物理特征及找矿方向研究——以海沟金矿为例

夹皮沟-海沟-金城洞构造岩浆（杂岩）带为吉林省重要的金成矿区带,海沟金矿位于该构造岩浆（杂岩）带的中部,其经过古生代和中生代多期岩浆平行贯入与早晚不同性质断裂（韧性与脆性）以及不同样式构造（环形、弧形与线性）的叠加混合,这些地质事件与金矿成矿关系极其复杂。同时,海沟金矿深部成矿预测也已成为当务之急。笔者试图通过地球物理方法,如磁法、重力、可控源音频大地电磁法剖面分析对应分析海沟金矿表层-浅部、中部以及深部地球物理场异常特征。由于海沟金矿表层及浅成控矿构造为韧-脆性构造转换部位和脆性构造,中层控矿构造指受绿片岩相韧性剪切带控矿,深层控矿构造主要为受角闪岩相韧性剪切。因此,不同深度地球物理场特征是控制金矿鉴别标志。磁低缓正异常中局部高异常尖峰定位层及浅成控矿构造,重力正负异常梯度带定位中层成控矿构造,陡峭低阻异常带定位深部控矿构造。由深至浅的控矿构造反映出大陆张裂、隆-滑和拆离构造等多种大陆壳动力学机制转变过程中的地球物理场特征的变化。最后通过对比典型金矿带地球物理特征,对深部及外围是否存在该类型金矿床进行预测。     

中国航磁异常特征与铁矿床空间分布关系

中国航磁调查已基本覆盖全国,尤其是近二十年来开展了大面积1∶5万高精度航磁调查,为铁矿的成矿规律研究及找矿预测提供了重要的基础数据。文章基于全国航磁编图（1∶100万）和大比例尺（≥1∶5万）航磁数据集,开展区域、矿集区、矿床3个不同尺度的研究,旨在总结4种主要类型铁矿在区域和局部磁场上的响应模式,指导找矿应用。研究表明,不同类型的铁矿在区域磁场上呈现出不同的特征,沉积变质型铁矿主要位于条带状磁异常边部负背景场中的局部高磁异常,岩浆型铁矿主要位于线性磁异常带,接触交代-热液型铁矿（矽卡岩型）主要沿带状或等轴状磁异常边缘分布,火山岩型铁矿通常沿带状磁异常分布。不同的区域磁异常特征通常反映了特定的控矿要素,主要刻画了火山-沉积建造、基性-超基性杂岩、中酸性侵入岩、火山岩由浅部至深部的分布特征,为成矿地质背景研究提供了大量深部信息。岩浆活动强烈的构造带,会导致地壳内基底隆起和较高的地温梯度,呈现出磁性基岩深度和居里面深度较浅的特征,有利于铁矿物的富集成矿。大比例尺航磁资料（≥1∶5万）大都能够直接反映矿体或含矿地质体的特征,磁异常都对应了铁矿体或矿化的中心,但矿体的规模、产状、埋深、品位等特征的变化都会造成磁异常幅值、形状、大小的变化,通过约束条件下2D和3D正反演计算获得深部矿体或含矿地质体的特征,对找矿勘查最具指导意义。概括来讲,中小比例尺航磁资料主要用于成矿地质背景研究,分析成矿控矿要素,达到区域成矿预测的目的。大比例尺航磁资料可用于隐伏矿体或含矿地质体预测,建立深部矿体或含矿地质体二维或三维模型,指导勘探工作。     

芨岭地区铀矿地质—地球物理特征研究

通过对龙首山铀成矿带芨岭岩体铀矿床进行研究,认为该地区不同类型铀矿化,虽然含矿主岩不同,但是矿床形成过程具有类似性,即都属于断裂构造控矿,并经历了岩浆分异、岩体边缘富集、热液活动等地质过程,铀元素分异、迁移及富集机理也具有相似性。矿床所处的地球物理场亦可进行类比,通过深入研究对比3类典型铀矿床(硅质脉型、隐爆角砾岩型、碱性杂岩型)的地球物理特征,发现铀矿床一般位于强弱磁异常过渡地带偏弱磁异常一侧,电阻率断面图中多位于高低阻梯度变化带或中低阻区,电阻率平面图中多位于中低阻过渡带偏低阻一侧,认为电、磁强弱异常过渡地带偏弱场区可以作为地球物理找矿标志。     

基于航磁资料的大兴安岭南部区域成矿构造填图尝试

大兴安岭地区是中国重要的成矿区带之一,具备大规模成矿的条件和找矿潜力。对大兴安岭地区的大型断裂、次级断裂及基底构造系统深入研究是揭示控制该地区构造-岩浆活动和成矿作用的重要内容。对大兴安岭南部的航磁数据进行处理和解释,查明了研究区北东向、东西向、北北东向和北西向深大断裂为主的深部基底构造特征,圈定了火山机构分布位置,分析了大兴安岭南部区域构造特征,揭示了反映岩浆岩活动的线性或面状正磁异常和磁异常梯级带,探讨了研究区金属成矿的有利区带。为大兴安岭南部地区的区域地质、构造特征三维地质填图、找矿远景区的圈定提供了基础性信息。     

土屋、延东铜矿田综合信息预测模型

为开发区域物探、化探资料进行找矿靶区优选，选择土屋、延东铜矿作为建模矿田．在分析成矿地质背景、区域重力航磁地球化学特征的基础上，利用重力、航磁数据处理资料提取了深部线性构造和环型构造，结合铜元素等地球化学异常分布，指出土屋、延东斑岩铜矿田位于EW向区域性线性构造、近NS向、NW向、NE向隐伏线性构造和环型构造的交汇部位和铜高背景及局部异常区中，提出了斑岩型铜矿田预测模型和“三位一体”的找矿标志．     

潞西地区航磁异常特征及找矿新思路

潞西地区航磁有三个异常带：第一异常带为同源重磁异常,反映高密度磁源体,由基性～超基性岩引起;第二异常带区域不同源重磁异常,反映低密度磁源体为混合片麻岩、混合岩等低密度地层,局部可能反映团坡厂和轩岗乡与黄铁矿相类似的矿床（点）;第三异常带,重磁异常也不同源,反映寒武系一第四系的新地层,局部与花岗岩接触带及与断裂破碎有关的矽卡岩型铅锌多金属矿。依据区内航磁异常及地球物理特征,提出在潞西地区的找矿思路和方向。     

坦桑尼亚恩泽加地区辉长岩地球物理特征及构造意义

坦桑尼亚恩泽加地区内的某研究区第四系覆盖严重,常规地质找矿方法无从人手.为了解研究区内地层或岩性边界、构造产出环境,给选择找矿靶区提供指导作用和有效找矿信息,笔者进行了1∶1万地面高精度磁测,圈定了数条NW-SE向和NE-SW向呈线性串珠状展布的磁异常带,依据辉长岩磁性特征,推测磁异常带是由侵入辉长岩岩脉引起,从而厘清了研究区内线性构造的分布特征;结合区域构造和金矿床(点)分布规律,认为研究区内NW-SE向剪切带是与金矿矿化关系最为密切的构造,应以寻找构造蚀变岩型或剪切带型金矿为主;经对NW-SE向剪切构造带(SZ6)进行地表工程揭露,发现了金矿化蚀变带.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861