Zircon geochronology constraints on the age and nature of ‘Precambrian metamorphic rocks’ in the Xing’an block of Northeast China

The Great Xing’an Range in Northeast China is located in the eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. From north to south, the Great Xing’an Range is divided into the Erguna, Xing’an, and Songliao blocks. Previous U–Pb zircon geochronology results have revealed that some ‘Precambrian metamorphic rocks’ in the Xing’an block have Phanerozoic protolith ages, questioning whether Precambrian basement exists in the Xing’an block. We present laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) U–Pb dating results for zircons from suspected Precambrian metamorphic rocks in the Xing’an block. Meta-rhyolites of the Xinkailing Group in Nenjiang yield magmatic ages of 355.8 Ma. Detrital zircons from phyllites of the Xinkailing Group in Duobaoshan yield populations of ca. 1505, ca. 810, and ca. 485 Ma, with the youngest peak constraining its depositional age to be <485 Ma. Zircons from amphibolitic gneisses of the Xinkailing Group in Nenjiang have magmatic ages of 308.6 Ma. Mylonitic granites of the Xinkailing Group in Nenjiang have zircon magmatic ages of 164 Ma. Detrital zircons from two-mica quartz schists of the Luomahu Group in the Galashan Forest yield ca. 2419, ca. 1789, ca. 801, ca. 536, ca. 480, and ca. 420 Ma, with the youngest peak indicating its depositional age as <420 Ma. Detrital zircons from mylonitized sericite–chlorite schist of the Ergunhe Formation in Taerqi yield populations of 982–948, ca. 519, and ca. 410 Ma, with the youngest peak demonstrating that its depositional age is <410 Ma. These zircon ages for a range of lithologies show that the Great Xing’an Range metamorphic rocks formed during the Phanerozoic (164–485 Ma) and that this crust is mostly Palaeozoic. Based on these results and published data, we conclude that there is no evidence of Precambrian metamorphic basement in the Xing’an block. In summary, the age data indicate that Precambrian metamorphic basement may not exist in the Xing’an region.     

大兴安岭北部红水泉组碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

红水泉组广泛出露于大兴安岭北部地区,主要由杂砂岩、砂板岩、碳酸盐岩和凝灰岩组成,含腕足、珊瑚和苔藓虫化石,时代为早石炭世。对额尔古纳右旗和扎兰屯地区的红水泉组砂岩样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年。结果显示,87个谐和-近谐和年龄主要分布在4个年龄区间：353~379 Ma,峰值年龄约为366 Ma;428~473 Ma,峰值年龄约为441 Ma和464 Ma;487~521 Ma,峰值年龄约为502 Ma;1 790~1 943 Ma,峰值年龄约为1 848 Ma。其中:约366、441、464和502 Ma的峰值年龄与额尔古纳、兴安地块的岩浆事件基本吻合,1 848 Ma的峰值年龄普遍存在于2个地块,说明红水泉组的沉积物主要来自额尔古纳－兴安地块;约366 Ma的峰值年龄反映沉积物部分来自大兴安岭北部晚泥盆世火山弧,物源区具有双向性（古老陆壳和火山弧）。结合区域早石炭世沉积特征认为红水泉组为一套弧后盆地沉积。     

桂北地区丹洲期与南华冰期之间沉积转换的年代学记录

文章通过碎屑锆石U-Pb测年和Hf同位素研究,揭示桂北地区丹洲期与南华冰期之间沉积转换的年代学记录。分别对丹洲群合桐组、拱洞组以及南华系长安组进行碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素分析。结果表明,丹洲群合桐组和拱洞组具有相似的碎屑锆石年龄谱系,U-Pb年龄集中在720~1000 Ma、1700~2300 Ma和2400~2700 Ma。而南华系长安组的U-Pb年龄集中在650~720 Ma和720~1000 Ma,明显区别于丹洲群。丹洲群合桐组和拱洞组具有相似的Hf同位素特征,其ε_Hf(t)以负值为主,且多数锆石的二阶段Hf模式年龄（T_DM2）大于2400 Ma。而南华系长安组的Hf同位素特征区别于丹洲群,其ε_Hf(t)以正值为主,T_DM2值集中于1000~1300 Ma和1400~2200 Ma。碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱系和Hf同位素组成的不同,以及锆石形态和物源的差异,表明“雪峰不整合面”上下的南华冰期与丹洲期沉积地层之间存在明显的沉积转换。     

内蒙古克什克腾旗林西组碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS年代学及其地质意义

内蒙古克什克腾旗位于西拉木伦河以北,属锡林浩特地块南缘。本文对出露于克什克腾旗北东约5 km的一套变质粉砂岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,其年龄结果主要分为4个区间:258~298 Ma(峰值为285 Ma)、377~474 Ma(峰值为430 Ma)、1261~1727 Ma、1853~2513 Ma,此外还含有321 Ma和937 Ma的锆石各一颗。锆石CL图像显示:258~298 Ma的锆石以岩浆锆石为主,响应兴蒙造山带的晚古生代岩浆活动;377~474 Ma的锆石中既有岩浆锆石又有变质锆石,表明其源区既有奥陶纪-泥盆纪岩浆岩,又有古生代的变质岩;1261~1727 Ma的锆石以岩浆锆石为主,少数为变质锆石,暗示中元古代的岩浆岩和变质岩也为该组提供物源;1853~2513 Ma的锆石以岩浆锆石为主,反映了华北板块基底的年龄信息。该变质粉砂岩中碎屑锆石的最小谐和年龄是258 Ma,限定了其沉积时代的下限为晚二叠世,应属于林西组。年龄峰值既对应华北板块的重要构造热事件,又有与兴蒙造山带地质事件相关的年龄信息,表明林西组具有南北两个物源区,同时也暗示在其形成时华北板块与西伯利亚板块已经拼合。     

The radiometric age of the Mount Keith Granodiorite,a maximum age estimate for an Archaen greenstone sequence in the Yilgarn block,Western Australia

The ‘granite’ pluton previously shown by Durney (1972) to be unconformably overlain in the Jones Creek area of Western Australia by a boulder conglomerate and a younger greenstone sequence has a Rb-Sr total rock age of $\text{2689 ± 17}$ Ma. Two boulders analysed from the conglomerate are not distinguished isotopically from the underlying ‘granite’. Biotite ages from the ‘granite’ reflect the final effects of a regional upper greenschist facies metamorphism at approximately $\text{2622 ± 15}$ Ma. Potassium feldspars in the ‘granite’ indicate ages less than 2600 Ma and are presumably related to late stage tectonic adjustments.Thus the isotopic dating shows that the ‘granite’, now formally named the Mount Keith Granodiorite, belongs to the early part of the 2750–2600 Ma Yilgarn age group (Compston and Arriens, 1968) and places an older limit on the age of the upper greenstone sequence. This greenstone was laid down within a period of 70 Ma or less and was followed by metamorphism which had ended by 2622 Ma, the time of closure of the biotite Rb-Sr system.Details of the petrography, particularly the metamorphic textures and paragenesis, indicate that despite their externally massive appearance, all the samples except the pegmatite have been recrystallized to varying degrees. Major-element analyses are given also, to aid in the chemical classification of the Granodiorite and in understanding its petrogenesis.     

Constraints on the onset age of the Sturtian glaciation from the Southeast Yangtze Block,South China

ABSTRACT

The Neoproterozoic glaciations represent a milestone in the Earth evolution due to their influence on atmosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere. Evidence for the Sturtian glaciation, the early stage of Cryogenian, has been recorded worldwide, but the precise timing and synchroneity of its counterpart, the Chang’an glaciation, in South China have been controversial. As such, new zircon U–Pb ages from the pre-Sturtian Gongdong Formation and the overlying the Chang’an Formation in southeastern Yangtze Block were reported. The youngest U–Pb zircon age from a tuff sample of the topmost Gongdong Formation was 716.8 ± 6.8 Ma, and that from a sandstone sample of the lower Chang’an Formation was 725.9 ± 4.4 Ma. The zircon weighted mean age of 716.8 ± 6.8 Ma was interpreted as the maximum depositional age of the termination of the Danzhou Group. This age, along with the ages reported from the bottom of the Danzhou Group, constrains deposition of the Danzhou Group to between ca. 820 Ma and ca. 715 Ma. The age of 716.8 ± 6.8 Ma from the top of the Gongdong Formation is consistent with the SIMS U-Pb age of 715.9 ± 2.8 Ma from the Sibao section, as well as ages from the Banxi Group, Liantuo Group, and Kaijianqiao Formation in the Yangtze Block, which further constrain the onset time of the Sturtian glaciation in South China at ca. 715 Ma. It is also, with uncertainties, consistent with ages from pre-Sturtian strata in Laurentia and Oman, which indicates a global synchroneity and extent for the Sturtian glaciation.     

U/pb dating of precambrian rocks from northern cameroon,orogenic evolution and chronology of the pan-african belt of central africa

Northern Cameroon has been classically divided into an old ‘basement complex’, a Middle Proterozoic cover (‘séries intermédiaires’) and granites emplaced during the Pan-African orogeny. New U/Pb geochronological data on different rock units from this region are presented. A rhyolite from the Poli schists (‘séries intermédiaires’) gives an age close to 800 Ma. Migmatitic gneisses of the ‘basement complex’ seem to derive from different detrital or magmatic sources. The metadiorites and foliated granites of the ‘basement complex’ give ages around 630 Ma. The 800 Ma age is interpreted as dating volcanic activity, probably related to the initial stage of the Pan-African evolution. Ages around 630 Ma date a syn-tectonic plutonism dominated by a regional-scale basic to intermediate plutonic suite (BIP). Zircons of the BIP suite are almost concordant and show no evidence of inheritance; the suite shows calc-alkaline affinity and relatively low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr initial ratios; thus the BIP suite represents material newly added to the crust during the PanAfrican orogeny. These data are at variance with previous interpretations of this part of the mobile belt as old Precambrian crust reactivated during the Pan-African orogeny. The previous distinction between the ‘séries intermédiaires’ and a regional ‘basement complex’ must be reappraised, similar ages being found in both units. A chronological succession of the Pan-African evolution is established and tentatively compared with that of the Trans-Saharan belt in Nigeria and Hoggar.     

Early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Xing-Meng Orogenic Belt: Constraints from detrital zircon geochronology of western Erguna–Xing’an Block,North China

To better constrain the Early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the western part of the Erguna–Xing’an Block, detrital zircon U–Pb dating was applied on the Ordovician to Devonian sedimentary strata along the southeast part of the China–Mongolia border. Most of the zircons from five sedimentary samples display fine-scale oscillatory growth zoning and Th/U ratios higher than 0.1, indicating a magmatic origin. All five Ordovician–Devonian samples display the similar age distribution patterns with age groups at ∼440 Ma, ∼510 Ma, ∼800 Ma, ∼950 Ma, and few Meso- to Paleo-Proterozoic and Neoarchean grains. This age distribution pattern is similar to those from adjacent blocks in the southeastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Considering previous tectonic studies, we propose bidirectional provenances from the Erguna–Xing’an Block and Baolidao Arc.Consequently, a new model was proposed to highlight the Early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the western Erguna–Xing’an Block, which constrains two main Early Paleozoic tectonic events of the Xing-Meng Orogenic Belt: (a) pre-Late Cambrian collision between Erguna–Kerulen Block and Arigin Sum-Xilinhot-Xing’an Block; (b) the Early Paleozoic subduction of Paleo-Asian Ocean and pre-Late Devonian collision between Erguna–Xing’an Block and Songliao-Hunshandake Block.     

A multi‐system geochronology in the Ad‐3 borehole,Pannonian Basin (Hungary) with implications for dating volcanic rocks by low‐temperature thermochronology and for interpretation of (U–Th)/He data

Independent geochronological and thermal modelling approaches are applied to a biostratigraphically exceptionally well‐controlled borehole, Alcsútdoboz‐3 (Ad‐3), in order to constrain the age of Cenozoic geodynamic events in the western Pannonian Basin and to test the efficacy of the methods for dating volcanic rocks. Apatite fission track and zircon U–Pb data show two volcanic phases of Middle Eocene (43.4–39.0 Ma) and Early Oligocene (32.72 ± 0.15 Ma) age respectively. Apatite (U–Th)/He ages (23.8–14.8 Ma) and independent thermal and subsidence history models reveal a brief period of heating to 55–70 °C at ~17 Ma caused by an increased heat‐flow related to crustal thinning and mantle upwelling. Our results demonstrate that, contrary to common perception, the apatite (U–Th)/He method is likely to record ‘apparent’ or ‘mixed’ ages resulting from subsequent thermal events rather than ‘cooling’ or ‘eruption’ ages directly related to distinct geological events. It follows that a direct conversion of ‘apparent’ or ‘mixed’ (U‐Th)/He ages into cooling, exhumation or erosion rates is incorrect.     

湘西南猫儿界花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

文章对苗儿山—越城岭地区西北侧猫儿界花岗斑岩开展了锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和Nd同位素研究,探究了岩体的形成时代、成因类型及源区性质.三件花岗斑岩样品LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年给出的206Pb/238U加权年龄分别为824.3±4.5 Ma、825.4±4.1 Ma和826.8±4.8 Ma,表明猫儿界...     

内蒙古额尔古纳红水泉地区奥陶系乌宾敖包组沉积时代及物源区分析:碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学,Lu-Hf同位素地球化学证据

选取内蒙古额尔古纳红水泉地区奥陶系乌宾敖包组石英砂岩进行碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄、原位Lu-Hf同位素研究,尝试限定该地层形成时代及碎屑物质来源,并探讨其沉积大地构造环境。结果显示,采自该地层的2个砂岩样品中的碎屑锆石多数发育典型的岩浆振荡生长环带,呈自形–半自形且具有较高的Th/U值(0.12~1.63),均暗示它们多数为岩浆成因。结合微量元素特征及稀土元素配分模式图,认为碎屑锆石寄主岩石应为花岗质杂岩体。2个砂岩样品具有相似的年龄和Hf同位素组成,锆石年龄分布大致可分为3个主要年龄区间:(1)440~540 Ma,主峰值年龄约为492 Ma和506 Ma,次峰值年龄为447 Ma;ε_Hf(t)值介于?2.77~+11.73之间,Hf的两阶段模式年龄为680~1636 Ma;(2)750~950 Ma,主峰值年龄为805 Ma,次峰值年龄为825 Ma和961 Ma;ε_Hf(t)值介于?1.14~+11.43之间,Hf的两阶段模式年龄为1100~1824 Ma;(3)1700~2000 Ma,峰值年龄为1787 Ma;ε_Hf(t)值介于?9.18~?2.75之间,Hf的两阶段模式年龄为2682~3016 Ma。所有样品碎屑锆石ε_Hf(t)值为?9.18~+11.73,Hf的两阶段模式年龄为680~3016 Ma,大部分锆石的Hf同位素组成集中于球粒陨石与亏损地幔标准线之间,表明沉积物源以早古生代和新元古代新增生地壳物质为主,同时存在少量中元古代晚期古老地壳物质的活化改造。结合前人已报道的邻区相关岩体年代学及地球化学资料,研究区乌宾敖包组的沉积时代不早于晚奥陶世,沉积物主要来自额尔古纳和兴安地块的近缘碎屑物,其形成与早古生代时期古亚洲洋演化过程中额尔古纳与兴安地块碰撞拼贴以及随后的伸展垮塌相关。     

松辽盆地新生代热演化及地层定年

根据地层的抬升剥蚀（或沉降沉积）与古地温降低（或升高）之间的关系,通过磷灰石裂变径迹热史模拟的方法和其他地质资料,精确地确定了松辽盆地新生代的不整合和依安组、大安组、泰康组等地层沉积开始和结束的时间。松辽盆地新生代存在3次抬升和3次沉降:65.50～53.49 Ma盆地降温、抬升,产生依安组和白垩系地层之间的不整合面;53.49～40.31 Ma盆地升温、沉降,依安组沉积;40.31～36.18 Ma盆地降温、抬升剥蚀,产生大安组和依安组之间的不整合面;36.18～5.83 Ma盆地升温、持续沉降,大安组沉积;5.83～1.79 Ma盆地降温、抬升剥蚀,产生泰康组与大安组之间的不整合面;1.79～？Ma盆地沉降,泰康组沉积。确定了依安组是始新统早、中期的地层,起止年龄为53.49～40.31 Ma;大安组是始新统末期-中新统的地层,起止年龄为36.18～5.83 Ma;泰康组是更新统的地层,开始年龄为1.79 Ma。     

内蒙古固阳地区侵入渣尔泰群中新元古代早期辉长岩岩床的发现及其意义

华北克拉通由于新元古代早期构造-岩浆活动的地质记录较少,制约了对其新元古代时期构造演化的认识。本文对内蒙古中部固阳地区侵位于渣尔泰群阿古鲁沟组中3个变辉长岩岩床样品进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学测试,显示其侵位年龄为-925 Ma,表明华北克拉通北缘存在新元古代早期的岩浆活动。该岩床与同时期华北克拉通中部-925 Ma的基性岩墙群(大石沟岩墙)和东南部945-890 Ma的基性岩床群(徐淮-辽东-沙里院岩床)具有相似的岩石地球化学特征和重叠的Nd同位素组成,表明其可能是新元古代早期华北克拉通中—东部发育的大规模基性岩浆活动事件在克拉通北缘的响应,但其规模相对华北克拉通东南缘明显较小。华北克拉通北缘新元古代早期基性岩浆活动的发现,为深入了解华北克拉通北缘新元古代构造演化及其与罗迪尼亚超大陆的关系提供了重要线索。     

矿井地质灾害要素与地质灾源体辨识评价

矿井地质灾害严重威胁人民生命财产安全,深入认识成灾机理与相关要素,准确辨识地质灾源体并评价其致灾危险度,是煤矿防灾减灾保障安全开采不可或缺的基础性工作。本文通过分析矿井地质灾害典型案例,认为矿井地质灾源体是在煤矿采掘过程中具有发生矿井地质灾害潜在危险的地质体,包括煤层及其围岩以及存在其中的地下水与瓦斯等,具有地源性、隐蔽性、触发性、可控性等主要特征;矿井地质灾源体是矿井地质灾害的内因,煤矿采掘活动是触发矿井地质灾害的外因,地质影响因素和人为影响因素可能提高或降低矿井地质灾害的危险程度;并提出了辩识地质灾源体和评价其致灾危险度的具体方法。     

Chemical composition,isotopic U–Pb age,and source of zircon from polymineralic ichet’yu occurrence,Mobile Timan

This study focuses on the morphological features, color cathodoluminescence, chemical composition, age, and source of zircons from the Ichet’yu occurrence. The isotopic U–Pb age of Paleo–Mezoproterozoic zircon grains varies within an interval of ~700 Ma from 2247 to 1478 Ma. The average roundness and well-preserved integrity of zircon grains allow us to suggest their proximal source. The available data show that the basement of the Middle Timan, composed of continental Paleo–Mezoproterozoic igneous rocks, is the most probable source of zircon in the Ichet’yu occurrence. These rocks are apparently a continuation of the Archean–Proterozoic Arkhangel’sk Mobile Belt.     

New age data on the magmatic rocks from the western sector of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanogenic belt

New age data are reported for the magmatic rocks from the western flank of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanogenic belt consisting of the Ul’ya and Kuidusun volcanic zones. Four U-Pb SHRIMP zircon dates within 106-90 Ma were obtained for the upper part of the Emanrin Formation and the lower part of the Ul’ya Group of the Ul’ya volcanic zone. Large Verkhneallakh and Atarbai subvolcanic intrusions from the Kuidusun volcanic zone were dated using the Rb-Sr method at 115–107 Ma and 85 Ma, respectively. U-Pb dating of zircon microsamples from adamellites and diorites of the Sizindzha Massif yielded, respectively, ages of 91 and 90 Ma. New geochronological data indicate that the Selitkan-Sungari and Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanogenic belts are coeval and can be united in a common Okhotsk-Sungari system of volcanic belts and zones (megabelt).     

The age of the Nantuo Formation and Nantuo glaciation in South China

A U–Pb sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) age of 654.5 ± 3.8 Ma from an ash bed immediately below the Nantuo Formation in South China provides the lowest age constraint for the Nantuo glaciation, which has been correlated with the global ‘Marinoan’ glaciation. A U–Pb SHRIMP age of 636.3 ± 4.9 Ma from a fallout tuff within the basal layer of the Nantuo Formation, along with the existing age of 635.2 ± 0.6 Ma from its overlying Doushantuo cap carbonate, suggests that the traditionally defined Nantuo Formation may have been deposited in a short time period at the end of the Nantuo glaciation. In combination with available ages globally, the data support a relatively short duration and rapid termination of ‘Marinoan’ glaciations.     

Is the HP–UHP Hong’an–Dabie–Sulu orogen a piercing point for offset on the Tan–Lu fault?

The Tan–Lu fault is a major strike-slip fault in eastern China that appears to offset the high-grade rocks of the Hong’an–Dabie–Sulu orogen left-laterally ∼540 km. We evaluate models for the collision between the South and North China blocks, published radiometric dates recording HP–UHP metamorphism and exhumation in the Hong’an–Dabie and Sulu terranes, and the timing of sinistral motion on the Tan–Lu fault to evaluate whether UHP rocks provide a piercing point for offset on the Tan–Lu fault. UHP metamorphism in Hong’an–Dabie was concurrent with Sulu based on U–Pb dating of coesite-bearing domains of zircon at 244 ± 5–226 ± 2 Ma for Hong’an–Dabie and 243 ± 4–225 ± 2 Ma for Sulu. Retrograde metamorphism began c. 220 Ma for both Hong’an–Dabie and Sulu, but retrograde zircon growth ended c. 214 Ma in Hong’an–Dabie and continued until c. 202 Ma in Sulu based on U–Pb dating of zircon domains external to coesite-bearing domains. Structures in Sulu are rotated 25° counter-clockwise from, but are broadly similar to, Hong’an–Dabie suggesting the two areas have a common Triassic orogenic history that pre-dates motion on the Tan–Lu fault, and that is consistent with paleomagnetic studies. We constructed a pre-Cretaceous restoration of the Hong’an–Dabie–Sulu belt that moves the Sulu terrane south, aligning the suture and the eclogite-facies isograd, and rotates Sulu c. 25° clockwise to re-align structures with Hong’an–Dabie. Our restoration is supported by published data and shows that the Hong’an–Dabie–Sulu orogen is a piercing point for post-collisional offset on the Tan–Lu fault and that these regions shared a common subduction–exhumation history. The Tan–Lu fault did not play a significant role in the Hong’an–Dabie–Sulu collision and likely developed later, in the Early Cretaceous.     

Isotopic geochronology and biostratigraphy of Riphean deposits of the Anabar Massif,North Siberia

The structure of Riphean deposits developed on the western slope of the Anabar Massif is described with analysis of their depositional environments, distribution of stromatolite assemblages and organic-walled and silicified microfossils through sections, and evolution of views on stratigraphic significance of some of these assemblages. The investigation included complex mineralogical, geochemical, structural, and isotopic?geochronological study of globular phyllosilicates (GPS) of the glauconite?illite series from paleontologically well substantiated Riphean sequences (Ust’-Il’ya and Yusmastakh formations of the Billyakh Group) of the Anabar Massif in the Kotuikan River basin. Isotopic dating of monomineral size and density fractions of GPS from the Billyakh Group was performed in combination with simulation of the distribution of octahedral cations and comparison of the results obtained with Mössbauer spectrometry data. The applied approach is based on an assumption that the formation and transformation of Rb?Sr and K?Ar systems in GPS are synchronous with stages in their structural evolution, which are determined by the geological and geochemical processes during depositional history. Such an approach combined with the mineralogical and structural analysis contributes to correct interpretation of stratigraphic significance of isotopic data. The results obtained provide grounds for the conclusion that isotopic dates of GPS from the Ust’-Il’ya (Rb?Sr, 1485 ± 13 Ma; K?Ar, 1459 ± 20 Ma) and Yusmastakh (Rb?Sr, 1401 ± 10 Ma; K?Ar, 1417 ± 44 Ma) formations mark the stage of early diagenesis of sediments and are suitable for estimating the age of formations in question.     

中国东北地区的构造格局与演化:从500Ma到180Ma

中国东北变质基底为由含矽线石榴片麻岩、角闪斜长片麻岩、石墨大理岩和各种长英质片麻岩组成的孔兹岩系。采自额尔古纳、兴安、佳木斯和兴凯地块的矽线石榴片麻岩样品的锆石U-Pb测年均指示高级变质发生在500Ma左右。来自松辽地块古生代沉积物碎屑锆石的证据也表明约500Ma构造岩浆事件的存在。跨越整个中国东北不同地块的泛非期高级变质岩形成了超过1 300km北西向展布的晚泛非期"中国东北孔兹岩带",以顺时针p/T轨迹的孔兹岩带与同期岩浆杂岩共同构成了一巨型的约500Ma前后的造山带,笔者这里命名为"中国东北早古生代造山带"。这证明了中国东北各地块在500Ma之前已经拼合,并与西伯利亚克拉通具有构造亲缘性,曾是晚泛非期(500 Ma)西伯利亚南缘Sayang-Baikal造山带的组成部分。450Ma之后,已经拼合的中国东北地块群从西伯利亚裂解,向南朝现今的中国东北漂移;230Ma前后,东北地块群沿索伦—西拉沐伦—长春缝合带与华北板块碰撞;210～180 Ma,由于太平洋板块的俯冲导致佳木斯地块与西部松辽地块最终拼贴,沿佳木斯—兴凯地块西缘和南缘形成一弧形高压带(包括佳木斯—兴凯地块西缘黑龙江蓝片岩带和佳木斯—兴凯地块南缘长春—延吉带),这里简称"吉林—黑龙江高压变质带",之后东北地区进入了环太平洋构造域演化阶段并持续至今。