Age, geodynamic setting, and mantle enrichment processes of a K-rich intrusion from the Meissen massif (northern Bohemian massif) and implications for related occurrences from the mid-European Hercynian

The plutonic complex of the Meissen massif (northern margin of the Bohemian massif) comprises dioritic to mainly monzonitic and granitic rocks. The diorite to monzonite intrusions show major and trace element patterns typical for shoshonitic series. The chemical signatures of less crustally contaminated diorites are similar to arc-related shoshonitic rocks derived from continental lithospheric mantle (CLM) sources previously enriched by subduction of altered oceanic crust. Laser step heating ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar analyses on actinolitic to edenitic amphiboles from geographically different occurrences of the monzonitic intrusion yielded concordant plateau ages as well as total gas ages ranging from 329.1±1.4 to 330.4±1.4?Ma and from 330.4±2.1 to 330.6±1.8?Ma, respectively. These cooling ages are indistinguishable from sensitive highresolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) ²³⁸U/²⁰⁶Pb intrusion ages measured on magmatic zircon rims from the monzonite (Nasdala et al., submitted). This shows that the monzonite intrusion is probably not related temporally to active subduction because it postdates eclogites of the adjacent Saxonian Erzgebirge by approximately 20?Ma. The shoshonitic magmas intruded during strike-slip tectonism along the Elbe valley zone. The enrichment of their mantle sources may be of Upper Devonian/Lower Carboniferous age or older. Intrusions of shoshonitic to ultra-potassic (K-rich) rocks during the Upper Visean/Namurian are widespread in the Moldanubian zone. Based on similar ages and structural relationships a similar post-collisional setting to the Meissen shoshonitic rocks can be demonstrated. Most of these occurrences cut high-grade nappe units which were subducted during the Upper Devonian/Lower Carboniferous. In contrast to the Meissen massif, at least the ultra-potassic members of the Central and the South Bohemian batholiths were derived from CLM sources enriched by fluids or melts released from subducted oceanic crust and by greater portions of crustal material. Despite the similar post-collisional geodynamic setting of the K-rich intrusions, different enrichment processes generated mid-European Hercynian CLM sources with heterogeneous major and trace element and isotopic signatures.     

长江下游地区晚泥盆世至早石炭世孢子带和泥盆系—石炭系界线

本文系统研究了长江下游地区(包括江苏、浙江和安徽)晚泥盆世和早石炭世孢子50属150余种。根据孢子在地层中的分布和演化规律,建立了7个孢子带,其中晚泥盆世3个带,早石炭世4个带。自下而上依次为:1)Rugospora flexuosa-Grandispora cornuta(FC)带;2)Vallatisporites pusillites-Retispora lepidophyta(PL)带;3)Retispora lepidophyta-Verrucosisporites nitidus(LN)带;4)Vallatisporites verrucosus-Retusotriletes incohatus(VI)带;5)Spelacotriletes pretiosus-Cingulizonates bialatus(PB)带;6)Schopfites claviger-Auroraspora macra(LN)带;7)Lycospora pusilla(PU)带。五通群下部观山组化石孢子丰富,时代相当西欧晚泥盆世法门阶(Famennian)Fa2c-Fa2d。泥盆系和石炭系界线置于陈家边组底部,即3带Retispora lepidophytaVerrucosisporites nitidus(LN)带和4带Vallatisporites verrucosus-Retusotriltes incohatus(VI))带之间。本文还深入讨论了沉积环境、微古植物地理区、国内外比较等问题。     

Post-Acadian sediment recycling in the Devonian Old Red Sandstone of Southern Ireland

The Upper Devonian Munster Basin of southern Ireland has traditionally been viewed as a post-orogenic molasse deposit that was sourced from the Caledonides of central Ireland and subsequently deformed by the end Carboniferous Variscan orogenic event. The basin fill is composed of super-mature quartz arenite sandstone that clearly represents a second cycle of deposition. The source of this detritus is now recognized as Lower Devonian Dingle Basin red bed sequences to the north. This genetic link is based on the degree of similarity in the detrital mica chemistry in both of these units; micas plot in identical fields and define the same trends. In addition, the two sequences show increased textural and chemical maturity up-sequence and define indistinguishable ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age ranges for the detrital mica grains. Partial resetting of the Ar ages can be attributed to elevated heat flow in the region caused by Munster Basin extension and subsequent Variscan deformation. The combined evidence from southwest Ireland therefore points to a Caledonian or possibly Taconian primary source area that initially shed detritus into the Lower Devonian Dingle Basin which was subsequently recycled into the Upper Devonian Munster Basin following mid-Devonian Acadian basin inversion.     

Neue Daten zur Biostratigraphie und zur tektonischen Lagerung der Phyllit-Gruppe und der Trypali-Gruppe auf der Insel Kreta (Griechenland)

Based on many new fossil discoveries mainly conodonts and ostracodes an attempt has been made to determine the stratigraphic range of the high pressure/low temperature metamorphic Phyllite Group in West Crete (Greece). The numerous conodont findings indicate — in spite of strong supply of clastic material — a fully marine environment from the Upper Carboniferous up to the end of the Lower Triassic. The prevailing part of the Middle Triassic cannot yet covered by fossils. The upper Triassic shows in the lower (invers) part of the Phyllite Group a shallow water facies with ostracodes, bivalves and at the Triassic/Lias boundary a saliniferous facies, however in the upper (in original position lying) part a conodonts-foraminiferes bearing littoral facies. The present biostratigraphic data point out that the lower part of the Phyllite Group lies in inverted order and the upper part in original position. Thus the Phyllite Group on the whole seems (in West Crete) to form a huge recumbent isoclinal fold analogous to the isoclinal folding on a smaller scale as frequently exposed. The carbonate Trypali Group can be interpreted as either the recumbent limb of this fold structure or as part of the underlying Talea Ori Group. The Trypali Group seems not to be a particular unit. For the reconstruction of the paleogeographic and geodynamic evolution of the South Aegean region the following evidence may be important:

1. the marine sedimentation in the Upper Palaeozoic and the Lower Triassic, especially the marine Upper Permian (Dorashamian), an isolated occurrence 2000 km away from comparable sediments further east and
2. the obvious termination of deposition at the Triassic/Lias boundary. A future interpretation of these results may be the key to a better understanding of the geodynamic process which led to the high pressure/low temperature metamorphism of the Phyllite Group.

     

Contraints on the evolution of the Mid German Crystalline Rise — a study of outcrops west of the river Rhine

Several small outcrops along the western Rhinegraben escarpment expose rocks which represent the western prolongation of the so-called Mid-German Crystalline Rise. This basement ridge separates the Rhenohercynian and Saxothuringian zones of the Variscan belt of Europe and thus marks the boundary between the external and the internal zones. The variable rock association includes an orthogneissamphibolite complex, weakly deformed low grade sediments (?Devonian and Visean), and a number of different syn- to post-orogenic granodioritic to granitic intrusives, all crosscut by Late Lower Carboniferous undeformed lamprophyric dikes and unconformable overlain by Permian sediments and volcanics. Largely isothermal decompression during coaxial fabric evolution in the orthogneiss complex marks an early stage of deformation possibly due to crustal attenuation. Peak metamorphism (amphibolite/greenschist facies) in the other sequences with only minor orogenic shortening is succeeded by retrogressive strike-slip deformation associated to peak intrusive activity. The encountered typically low-P high-T metamorphism, the predominant strike-slip type kinematic pattern, and the preservation of parts of the Devono-Carboniferous sedimentary cover of the Rise preclude major crustal thickening and subsequent exhumation. An exception is the probably thrust-bounded juxtaposition of the Albersweiler orthogneisses and Burrweiler schists which is supported by their respective PT-paths. The orogenic imprint in the sedimentary cover of the crystalline rise appears to be thermal rather than strain-induced, suggesting a dominant role of the abundant pre- to late-orogenic intrusives. The essential aspects of this sequence of related structural and thermal events as well as the rock type association suggest a largely submarine incipient magmatic arc type of orogenic environment for this part of the Variscan belt. Its evolution probably started during the Upper Devonian on a disintegrating continental platform and proceeded through the Lower Carboniferous continental collision with the Rhenohercynian zone entailing a concomittant switch in deformation mode of the upper plate.     

河南固始花园墙组时代的新认识

北淮阳区原来一直划归于下石炭统最下部的花园墙组其实际时代属于晚泥盆世－早石炭世早期。古孢子分析显示，其下段具有以Ｃｙｃｌｏｇｒａｎｉｔｒｉｌｅｔｅｓ－Ａｎｅｕｒｏｓｐｏｒａ－Ｒｅｔｉｓｐｏｒａ为代表的组合特征，与江苏宝应、南京茨山、安徽巢湖等地的晚泥盆世五通组孢子组合面貌类似；上段具有早石炭世杜内期色彩。为大别山北麓地层层序的建立提供了确切的生物地层资料。     

Facies change in upper devonian and lower carboniferous rocks of Southern Ireland

In south-west Ireland 8,000 ft (2,440 m) of marine sandstones and mudstones, the Cork Beds (?Upper Famennian to E Zone, Carboniferous, in age), overlie the Old Red Sandstone. Farther north the Old Red Sandstone is succeeded by thin Lower Limestone Shales overlain by thick Waulsortian bank limestones. A critical section (North Ringabella) west of Cork Harbour, in which 6,500 ft (1,981 m) of Old Red Sandstone and Cork Beds is exposed, is described and divided into ten formations. By comparison with sections to the south the upper beds of the Old Red Sandstone are shown to pass southward into marine sandstones (Cork Beds) of ?Upper Famennian age. The successions in the Cloyne and Cork Synclines are described and reveal the progressive northward change in the Lower Carboniferous from the argillaceous Cork Facies through a zone of isolated bank limestones (Cloyne) to a thick, 4,000 ft (1,219 m), Waulsortian bank complex (Cork). Finally an attempt is made with use of isopachyte maps to reconstruct the palaeogeography of southern Ireland in Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous times.     

塔里木南缘浅变质岩系变质矿物特征及变质条件

在塔里木盆地南缘和田地区的阿其克、皮牙曼、杜瓦、康开依、桑株水库一带断续出露一套浅变质岩地层,主要岩石类型有变质杂砂岩、变质钙质砂岩、细粒片岩及少量千枚岩、变质砾岩、大理岩等.岩石中主要变质矿物为绿泥石、白云母、石英、方解石和少量黑云母、钠长石.本文着重就岩石中片状变质矿物绿泥石、白云母、黑云母的发育特点、化学成分特征、变质矿物组合以及它们的晶体化学成分所反映的变质温、压条件进行了研究,并在此基础上推断出该套变质岩属于由区域低温动力变质作用引起的低绿片岩相变质产物.     

The hercynian chain in Sardinia (Italy)

Abstract

A new geodynamic model for the Sardinian segment of the Hercynian chain is presented. The improvement of knowledge regarding several geological, metamorphic, magmatic and geochronological aspects of the Sardinian Palaeozoic basement, mainly achieved in the last few years, allows us to propose a more complete picture of its evolution.

The occurrence of remnants of an oceanic suture along a major tectonic lineament in northern Sardinia, as well as the products of Ordovician calc-alkaline magmatism, testifies to the presence, during the Lower Paleozoic, of an ancient (Precambrian- Cambrian) oceanic domain and its consumption along an Andean- type subduction zone. The following Carboniferous continental collision caused crustal stacking with Barrovian metamorphism and southward-migrating deformation from the suture zone toward the foreland.

Early Carboniferous Culm-type facies sediments, deposited in the outermost zone of the chain, imply that continental collision took place earlier in the internal zone, from Late Devonian or Early Carboniferous.

The collisional orogenic wedge experienced ductile extension during the Late Carhoniferous as a result of gravitational collapse of the thickened continental crust.

Extensional tectonism enhanced the uplift of the chain and some regions underwent tectonic denudation or LP/HT metamorphism and somewhere anatexis. The emplacement of calc-alkaline batholiths and the development of Late Carboniferous - Early Permian molasse basins occurred during extension that prolonged throughout the Permian.     

U–Pb zircon geochronology of Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous extension‐related silicic volcanism in the northern New England Fold Belt

Laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) analysis of zircons confirm a Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous age (ca 360–350 Ma) for silicic volcanic rocks of the Campwyn Volcanics and Yarrol terrane of the northern New England Fold Belt (Queensland). These rocks are coeval with silicic volcanism recorded elsewhere in the fold belt at this time (Connors Arch, Drummond Basin). The new U–Pb zircon ages, in combination with those from previous studies, show that silicic magmatism was both widespread across the northern New England Fold Belt (>250 000 km² and ≥500 km inboard of plate margin) and protracted, occurring over a period of ～15 million years. Zircon inheritance is commonplace in the Late Devonian — Early Carboniferous volcanics, reflecting anatectic melting and considerable reworking of continental crust. Inherited zircon components range from ca 370 to ca 2050 Ma, with Middle Devonian (385–370 Ma) zircons being common to almost all dated units. Precambrian zircon components record either Precambrian crystalline crust or sedimentary accumulations that were present above or within the zone of magma formation. This contrasts with a lack of significant zircon inheritance in younger Permo‐Carboniferous igneous rocks intruded through, and emplaced on top of, the Devonian‐Carboniferous successions. The inheritance data and location of these volcanic rocks at the eastern margins of the northern New England Fold Belt, coupled with Sr–Nd, Pb isotopic data and depleted mantle model ages for Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic magmatism, imply that Precambrian mafic and felsic crustal materials (potentially as old as 2050 Ma), or at the very least Lower Palaeozoic rocks derived from the reworking of Precambrian rocks, comprise basement to the eastern parts of the fold belt. This crustal basement architecture may be a relict from the Late Proterozoic breakup of the Rodinian supercontinent.     

塔里木盆地上泥盆—下石炭统层序地层格架与古地理

利用110余口钻井的录井和测井资料,结合地震资料,运用沉积学原理和层序地层学原理,建立了塔里木盆地上泥盆-下石炭统层序地层格架.自下而上,塔里木盆地上泥盆-下石炭统发育东河层序(SQd)、巴楚1层序(SQb1)、巴楚2层序(SQb2)、卡拉沙依1层序(SQk1)共4个三级层序,每个层序均可划分出海侵体系域(TST)和高...     

新疆东准噶尔卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带两侧志留系—石炭系沉积和构造特征分析及其意义

卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带位于新疆准噶尔盆地东北缘,查明卡拉麦里蛇绿岩所代表的古洋盆形成和闭合时代,是新疆东准噶尔乃至古亚洲洋演化历史的关键地质问题之一。本文通过对蛇绿岩带两侧志留—石炭系的岩石组合、结构构造、接触关系以及生物化石等沉积-构造特征的对比分析,揭示卡拉麦里构造带古生代的构造演化。在卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带北侧,广泛发育上志留统、下泥盆统与中—上奥陶统和加里东期花岗岩的角度不整合,普遍缺失下志留统,不整合面之下的奥陶系为变质达绿片岩相的安山岩为主,而在蛇绿岩带南北两侧的中、上志留统—泥盆系—下石炭统沉积体系特征相似,可以对比:地层间整合接触,产状平缓,褶皱、断裂构造和变质作用均不发育,主要为开阔的短轴背斜、向斜,与卡拉麦里蛇绿混杂岩带中的强变形构造明显不同;岩石组合都以火山碎屑岩为主,多见交错层理等沉积构造,产门类众多的动植物化石,反映了滨—浅海相的沉积环境。以上说明,卡拉麦里构造带晚古生代并不存在一个开阔的大洋,卡拉麦里蛇绿岩所代表的古洋盆在中志留世之前已经闭合。     

龙门山的石炭系

四川江油马角坝、北川沙窝子是龙门山上泥盆统、下石炭统区域性主要岩石地层单位的命名地,对这两地及前龙门山北段地区的调查发现:1)前人关于马角坝地区下石炭统的层序和马角坝组主要化石群的记载有与实际不符之处,当地实际缺失杜内期至维宪早、中期地层,总长沟群的时代应属晚维宪—谢尔普霍夫期,重新厘定马角坝组含义,新指定北川桂溪沙窝子的长滩子剖面为该组的参考剖面;2)在长滩子剖面长滩子组顶部Beichuano-phyllum与Cystophrentis珊瑚化石富集层之上、马角坝组Pseudouralinia富集层之下的大套厚层白云岩层组合的中上部层位,发现Cystophrentis等化石,基于这套厚层白云岩组合的岩性特征明显、顶底接触关系清楚、区域展布广泛,建议引用前人提出的黑岩窝组,同时对黑岩窝组的岩性、岩层组合与古生物组合特征、厚度和时代归属等作了补充和修正,根据其中所含生物群认为黑岩窝组时代为晚泥盆世法门晚期;3)通过与周边地区的地层对比,探讨了龙门山石炭纪的古地理格局及环境演变,认为除前龙门山中部的桂溪—沙窝子等狭窄地区因长期地处泥盆纪海水入侵通道,地势低洼,出现了残存式的杜内期沉积外,前龙门山南、北段广大地区杜内期至维宪早、中期已大部抬升露出水面,直到维宪晚期的全球性海侵,前龙门山遂再度没于水下,出现准平原化浅滩相沉积环境,并延续至石炭纪末。     

广西东南部钦防海槽晚古生代硅质岩地球化学特征及其地质意义*

广西东南部钦防海槽地区晚古生代硅质岩十分发育。对硅质岩主量元素、微量元素及稀土元素的分析结果表明:该区晚古生代硅质岩含有较高的SiO₂,硅化程度较高;除上泥盆统弗拉斯阶及下石炭统硅质岩具有较低的Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值(0.14～0.24;0.07～0.81)及较高的U/Th值(0.34～5.09;0.16～10.1)外,其他层位硅质岩具有较高的Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值(0.4～0.95)及较低的U/Th值(0.1～2.1);上泥盆统硅质岩稀土元素比值Ce/Ce^*、La_N/Yb_N及La_N/Ce_N值分别为0.78～1.08、0.4～1.52和0.88～1.35,而下石炭统硅质岩具有较低的Ce/Ce^*值(0.55～0.91)、La_N/Yb_N值(0.12～1.8)及较高的 La_N/Ce_N值(1.12～1.79),中下二叠统硅质岩Ce/Ce^*、La_N/Yb_N及La_N/Ce_N值分别为1.01～1.62、0.72～2.71和0.62～1.9。钦防海槽晚古生代硅质岩地球化学特征表明:晚泥盆世钦防海槽发生扩张,热液活动比较强烈,处于大陆边缘海环境;早石炭世钦防海槽再次发生扩张,热液活动强烈,硅质岩形成于远离陆源的深海海盆环境;早中二叠世,钦防海槽逐渐收缩,海水变浅。钦防海槽晚古生代并没有出现真正的洋壳,可能属于晚古生代古特提斯分支洋盆的一个坳拉槽盆地。     

西准噶尔克拉赛勒克山和布克河组晚泥盆世化石的发现及其地层归属

西准噶尔地区广泛分布的和布克河组已被证明是洪古勒楞组的晚出异名,本文在西准噶尔克拉赛勒克山原划为下石炭统"和布克河组"的碎屑岩地层中发现了丰富的动、植物化石,包括:三叶虫Phacops sp.,菊石Manticoceras sp.,腕足类Tylothyris sp.,Aulacella sp.,"Mucrospirifer"sp.,Cyrtospirifer sp.,植物Leptophloeum rhombicum,Syringodendron sp.,Knorria sp.,其时代显示为晚泥盆世。根据岩性组合特征将其厘定为上泥盆统铁列克提组,而非"和布克河组"的替代名称洪古勒楞组。通过区域地质调查工作,证明了西准噶尔玛依力山地层小区内没有洪古勒楞组的分布,其晚泥盆世地层仅由铁列克提组组成,洪古勒楞组只分布在沙尔布尔提山地层小区,两个地层小区的界线为孟布拉克北侧至谢米斯台山南坡的深大断裂。晚泥盆世两个地层小区沉积分异明显,直到早石炭世早期才进入统一的盆地演化阶段,地层小区的分区性也随之消失。     

Microstructural evolution and geologic significance of garnet pyriclasites in the Hoher-Bogen shear zone (Bohemian Massif, Germany)

Ductile extensional movements along the steeply inclined Hoher-Bogen shear zone caused the juxtaposition of Teplá-Barrandian amphibolites, granulites, and metaperidotites against Moldanubian mica schists and paragneisses. Garnet pyriclasites are well preserved within low-strain domains of this shear zone. Their degree of metamorphism is significantly higher than that of the surrounding rocks. Microstructural and mineral chemical data suggest in situ formation of the garnet pyriclasite by dehydration of pyroxene amphibolite at T>750–840°C and P<10–13 kbar including recrystallization-accommodated grain-size reduction of plagioclase and clinopyroxene, nucleation of garnet, and breakdown of amphibole into garnet+clinopyroxene+rutile. Subsequent decompression and retrograde extensional shearing led to the formation of mylonitic epidote amphibolite. The presence of lower crustal and mantle-derived slices within the Hoher-Bogen shear zone supports the view that (a) in Upper Devonian times the Teplá-Barrandian unit was thrust over Moldanubian rocks as a complete crustal unit, and (b) that during the subsequent Lower Carboniferous orogenic collapse, the garnet pyriclasite and metaperidotite were scraped off from the basal parts of the Teplá-Barrandian unit being dragged into the Hoher-Bogen shear zone due to dramatic and large-scale elevator-style movements. Received: 23 March 1999 / Accepted: 25 August 1999     

江西九江武山铜矿构造-蚀变矿化特征及深部成矿预测

武山铜矿地处长江断裂南侧的九江—瑞昌构造带中心部位,发育于横立山—黄桥向斜的北翼。不整合面及武山岩体接触带是矿体赋存的主要部位;上泥盆统五通组含砾石英砂岩和中石炭统黄龙组白云质灰岩之间的层间断裂带、中石炭统黄龙组和下二叠统栖霞组灰岩的层间断裂带控制块状多金属硫化物体的成生与富集,而武山岩体与石炭系、二叠系灰岩、灰岩捕虏体的接触带则形成夕卡岩型矿体;在武山岩体和石英砂岩接触部位则难以形成工业矿体。在研究断裂构造、接触带构造、褶皱构造和围岩组成特征基础上,预测在标高-1 100 m之上,武山岩体与灰岩的接触带中仍有较好的找矿前景,而在武山岩体与泥盆系、志留系巨厚碎屑砂岩的接触部位则矿化较差。     

Tectonics of the Devonian Complex of the Southern Sector of the Caspian Basin (Kazakhstan): A Set of Geological and Geophysical Methods

The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of new data for drilling and seismic survey of the oil and gas potential of deep-seated Paleozoic horizons of the Caspian Basin in Kazakhstan. The features of the development and occurrence of large Paleozoic uplifts and sedimentary strata promising for prospecting are specified. A set of geological and geophysical methods was applied, and magnetic and gravitational anomalies of potential fields were analyzed in the southern, southeastern, and eastern marginal parts of the southeastern sector of the Caspian Basin. This is supplemented with new data obtained by a set of reconnaissance methods, and the section attributed to the Paleozoic at depths up to 5.5–8.0 km and its Devonian–Lower Carboniferous sequence are specified. New data were obtained on the area of distribution and occurrence of Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous sediments, geological conditions and prerequisites were revealed that refined the trace of the pre-Devonian complex and of the Lower–Middle Devonian sediments. Analysis of the distribution of large local prospecting objects has confirmed the presence and development of megauplifts, which are zones of hypsometrically elevated Devonian–Lower Carboniferous sediments. In the contour of the megauplift, structural elements have developed that are less significant, but promising in terms of hydrocarbon content. Based on the results of studying and refining the distribution patterns of large Devonian‒Lower Carboniferous objects and identifying megauplifts, it is possible to optimize regional studies in the Caspian Basin for the period of 2020–2030.

     

甘蒙北山地区下石炭统绿条山组 时代修正及其构造意义

甘肃—内蒙古北山地区位于中亚造山带中段,其晚古生代洋盆最终闭合时间倍受关注且久有争议。早石炭世是该区洋陆转换的关键时期之一,下石炭统下部绿条山组与下伏的下、中泥盆统之间的角度不整合被认为是该区构造隆升的主要证据之一。但由于研究程度限制,绿条山组的时代尚有争议,一定程度上制约了该区构造演化的深入分析。北山北部甜水井北与碎石山剖面绿条山组火山岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为296.8±3.5Ma与311.1±3.2Ma,产出晚石炭世巴什基尔期(Bashkirian)菊石Gastrioceras和Branneroceras,时代应修订为晚石炭世—早二叠世早期。研究区下泥盆统—上石炭统沉积充填及生物群落特征表明该区可能在晚石炭世由大陆边缘浅海演化至裂谷盆地,上石炭统与下、中泥盆统之间的角度不整合代表洋陆转化造成的长时间隆升剥蚀。     

Late Cretaceous blueschist facies metamorphism in southern Thrace (Turkey) and its geodynamic implications

A blueschist facies tectonic sliver, 9 km long and 1 km wide, crops out within the Miocene clastic rocks bounded by the strands of the North Anatolian Fault zone in southern Thrace, NW Turkey. Two types of blueschist facies rock assemblages occur in the sliver: (i) A serpentinite body with numerous dykes of incipient blueschist facies metadiabase (ii) a well‐foliated and thoroughly recrystallized rock assemblage consisting of blueschist, marble and metachert. Both are partially enveloped by an Upper Eocene wildflysch, which includes olistoliths of serpentinite–metadiabase, Upper Cretaceous and Palaeogene pelagic limestone, Upper Eocene reefal limestone, radiolarian chert, quartzite and minor greenschist. Field relations in combination with the bore core data suggest that the tectonic sliver forms a positive flower structure within the Miocene clastic rocks in a transpressional strike–slip setting, and represents an uplifted part of the pre‐Eocene basement. The blueschists are represented by lawsonite–glaucophane‐bearing assemblages equilibrated at 270–310 °C and ～0.8 GPa. The metadiabase dykes in the serpentinite, on the other hand, are represented by pumpellyite–glaucophane–lawsonite‐assemblages that most probably equilibrated below 290 °C and at 0.75 GPa. One metadiabase olistolith in the Upper Eocene flysch sequence contains the mineral assemblage epidote + pumpellyite + glaucophane, recording P–T conditions of 290–350 °C and 0.65–0.78 GPa, indicative of slightly lower depths and different thermal setting. Timing of the blueschist facies metamorphism is constrained to c. 86 Ma (Coniacian/Santonian) by Rb–Sr phengite–whole rock and incremental ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar phengite dating on blueschists. The activity of the strike–slip fault post‐dates the blueschist facies metamorphism and exhumation, and is only responsible for the present outcrop pattern and post‐Miocene exhumation (～2 km). The high‐P/T metamorphic rocks of southern Thrace and the Biga Peninsula are located to the southeast of the Circum Rhodope Belt and indicate Late Cretaceous subduction and accretion under the northern continent, i.e. the Rhodope Massif, enveloped by the Circum Rhodope Belt. The Late Cretaceous is therefore a time of continued accretionary growth of this continental domain.