A giant Hii ring and energetic stellar winds in the large magellanic cloud

A large ring, 50 pc diameter, of H+[Nii] emission in the LMC has been investigated using several instruments. It is suggested that stellar winds from O and B stars could play a vital role in the formation of the structures revealed.     

A search for carbon stars in the AFGL Catalogue

A comparison between theGeneral Catalogue of Cool Carbon Stars (CCS) and theAFGL Catalogue has been performed.Eighty-five stars have been found in common between the two lists. Eighty-four stars which were present in Baumert's comparison between CCS and the 2 Sky Survey have no counterpart in the AFGL. Four new tentative identifications are given. The analysis of the two colours diagrams K-[4.2 ] vs. I-K and I-[4.2 ] vs. [4.2 ]-[11 ] led to the conclusion that all the infrared emission from the sources seems to come from a single circumstellar shell.     

Cataclysmic Variables in the “Period Gap”

This article reviews observational data on cataclysmic variables (CVs) whose orbital periods fall within the so-called period gap between 2 and 3 hours. The orbital period distribution of cataclysmic variables and the filling of the period gap by various types of CVs are demonstrated. Roughly half the stars in the period gap are magnetic, of which the majority are polars, while the other half (except a few stars) are SU UMa-type stars characterized by superbursts and superhumps. It is also interesting to note that those intermediate polars whose periods fall within the gap are among the stars with constant superhumps. The height above the galactic plane is estimated for the nonmagnetic stars and it is shown that, contrary to predictions, the stars in the period gap do not belong (except for one) to the spherical component of the galaxy. Light curves, some characteristic times, burst amplitudes, etc. are given for a number of Su UMa-type stars observed by the authors. The evolution of superbursts from the stars NY Ser, V725 Aql, and Var73 Dra is described. Observational data are presented on the classical nova V Per, a star whose period lies right in the middle of the period gap but whose status (magnetic or nonmagnetic) has still unclear.     

Present Observational Status of the Intermediate Mass Stars: δ Sct Stars, γ Dor Stars and roAp Stars

The present observational status of the Sct stars, Dor stars and roAp stars is discussed. The Sct stars are the most intensively observed of the three groups, but it has become clear that there are severe problems in extracting asteroseismic information from them. Dozens of frequencies are observed, but hundreds of frequencies are predicted from the models; unique matches of observation and theory still elude us. The Sct stars are observationally complex – some recent `best case' campaigns are discussed. It is possible that substantial observational advances for Sct stars may need to await upcoming satellite missions. New Dor stars are beingdiscovered frequently, and new behaviour is being found for them. They constitutean observationally young field. Their pulsational frequency range is being expanded, their position in the HR diagram is becoming better known (but is yet to be fully constrained), and the possibility exists of hybrid Dor – Sct stars that have greatasteroseismic promise, although it is clear such stars are rare, if they do exist. It has been observationally challenging to extract more than a fewfrequencies for any Dor star so far. Exciting spectroscopic discoveries of new behaviour in roAp stars promise unprecedented information about the structure of the peculiar atmospheres ofthose stars – pulsation amplitude and phase in 3D, magnetic field structurein 3D, abundance stratification in 3D, realistic T- for the most peculiarstars – as well as entirely new information about the interaction of pulsation,rotation and magnetic fields. Recent theoretical work has led to new understandingof the previously inexplicable frequency spacing of HR 1217 with new Whole Earth Telescope observations supporting this theory. An `improved oblique pulsator model' has been developed in which the pulsationaxis is not the magnetic axis; this model has passed several observationaltests and new ones are being devised to examine it further.     

Stability of outer planetary orbits around binary stars: A comparison of Hill's and Laplace's stability criteria

A comparison is made between the stability criteria of Hill and that of Laplace to determine the stability of outer planetary orbits encircling binary stars. The restricted, analytically determined results of Hill's method by Szebehely and co-workers and the general, numerically integrated results of Laplace's method by Graziani and Black are compared for varying values of the mass parameter =m ₂/(m ₁+m ₂). For 00.15, the closest orbit (lower limit of radius) an outer planet in a binary system can have and still remain stable is determined by Hill's stability criterion. For >0.15, the critical radius is determined by Laplace's stability criterion. It appears that the Graziani-Black stability criterion describes the critical orbit within a few percent for all values of .     

The scattering of light by dielectric particles

We consider homogeneous particles with a frequency-dependent index of refractionn =n +in = 1 +(), ()1, in an outer electromagnetic field. From general considerations we derive an expression for the total scattering cross-section of these particles. We calculate the efficiency factor for the sphere, the infinite circular cylinder, and for an ellipsoidal particle with the main axesa=1,b=2,c=1. In contrast with the ray approximation, the present method can be used to calculate the polarization of the scattered light from ellipsoids.     

Determination of the rotational excitation temperature in solar type stars

The OH molecular spectrum has been identified in three solar type stars, Com, CVn, and Cet. The rotational excitation temperature from molecular line intensities of OH has been determined for these stars. The observations in high resolution were made by use of the IUE satellite.Based on observations by the International Ultraviolet Explorer collected at the Villafranca Satellite Tracking Station of the European Space Agency.     

A comparison of the near-ultraviolet continuum and chromospheric emission line fluxes of the late-type giant stars

We investigate the near-ultraviolet high-resolution LWR spectra of the stars Cas, And, Tau, Gem, Cru, Boo, and Peg, obtained with the aid of the International Ultraviolet Explorer Satellite. We have given here a list of the strongest and most prevalent emission lines in the near-ultraviolet spectra of Boo, KlIIIp, and Peg, M2.5II-III which have the same luminosity class and different spectral type. The near-ultraviolet continuum flux measurements and integrated emission line fluxes of these stars for the 2500–3200 Å region are presented in order to compare the variations in the appearance of the near-ultraviolet flux distribution with the temperature structure of their chromospheres for K and M giant stars. We also discuss differences between observed and calculated fluxes found from the Planck function.     

Light-element abundances of peculiar a stars

Light-element abundances are compiled for six peculiar A stars (3 CenA, ² CVn, HR 1732,v For, Cnc, and 112 Her) with Heilines very weak for their colours. The abundances are interpreted on the theory that peculiar A stars were once secondaries in binary systems in which the primaries exploded as type II supernovae. During the explosions of the primaries, protons were accelerated to high energies (>20 MeV) in shock waves at the secondaries, and spallation of He, C, N, and O occurred. This was followed by the arrival of heavier elements from the primaries. Abundances on ² CVn, HR 1732, andv For were subsequently modified by surface nuclear reactions involving protons and -particles accelerated to lower energies (10 MeV), probably by magnetic fields. Successive (, ) reactions formed Si²⁸ from Ne²⁰, and (p, ) reactions acting on A⁴⁰ and Ca⁴⁰ may have contributed to the excesses of Cl observed on ² CVn and HR 1732. These proposals have interesting implications with regard to the relative abundances of the iron-peak elements found on peculiar A stars and in the Solar System.     

Theoretical Clues for Mode Identification - Instability Ranges and Rotational Splitting Patterns

Frequency spectra of unstable modes for typical models of Cephei, SPBand Scuti variables are presented. Comparison of theoretical andobserved instability ranges allows to constrain possible parameters of thestellar models. As an example, models of ² Tau are considered. Mainuncertainties in the determination of the theoretical frequency ranges for Sct variables are due to unsatisfactory treatment of convection.The structure of rotationally split multiplets for the low-order modesexcited in Sct stars is discussed. The rotational coupling betweenclose modes of spherical harmonic degree, , differing by 2, cansignificantly disturb the frequency spectrum.     

Some applications of Jacobi dynamics to the stellar evolution

The stars in the Main Sequence are seen as a hierarchy of objects with different massesM and effective dynamical radiiR _eff=R/ given by the stellar radii and the coefficients for the inner structure of the stars.As seen in a previous work (Paper I), during the lifetime in the Main SequenceR _eff(t) remains a near invariant when compared to the variation in the time ofR(t) and (t).With such an effectiveR _eff one obtains the amounts of actionA _c(M), the effective densities _eff(M)=(M)³(M), the densities of action and of energy (or mean presures in the stellar interior)a _c(M),e _c(M), and the potential energiesE _p(M).The amounts of action areA _cM ^k withk1.87 for the M stars,k5/3 for the KGF stars, andk1.83 for the A and earlier stars, representing very simples conditions for the other dynamical parameters. For instancek5/3 means a near invariant effective density _eff for the KGF stars, while for such stars the mean densities and coefficients present the strongest variations with masses (M)M ^–1.81, (M)M^0.6.The cases for the M stars (e _c(M)M ^–1) and for the A and earlier stars (betweena _c(M)=constant and _eff(M)M ^–1) and also discussed. These conditions for the earlier stars also represent reasonable mean values for the whole stellar hierarchy in the range of masses 0.2M M25M .With all this, one can build dynamical HR diagrams withA _c(M), E_p(M), _eff M ^–p , etc., whose characteristics are analogous to these in the photometrical HR diagram. A comparison is made betweenA _c(M) from the models here and the HR diagram with the best known stars of luminosity classes IV, V, and white dwarfs.The comparison of the potential energiesE _p(M)M ^–p according to the stellar models used here and the observed frequency function (MM _–q (number of stars in a given interval of masses) from different authors suggests the possibility that the productE _p(M)(M) is a constant, but this must be confirmed with further studies of the function (M) and its fine structure.There are analogies between the formulation used here for the stellar hierarchy and other physical processes, for instance, in modified forms of the Kolmogorov law of turbulence and in the formulation used for the hierarchy of molecular clouds in gravitational equilibrium. Besides, the function of actionA _c(M) for the stars has analogous properties to the relations of angular momenta and massesJ(M) for different types of objects. The cosmological implications of all this are discussed.     

Theβ index in cool stars

If we follow recent work and in order to extend theuvby photometric calibrations to spectral types later than G0, we present an attempt to use the combineduvby and systems for stars in the range G5-K7 and luminosity classes V to III.The behaviour in the MK-, (b–y)– and cl– diagrams of the 200 stars, only good spectroscopic data being considered, suggests the usefulness of the index as an independent parameter for late-type Main-Sequence stars, following in a natural way the general trend defined by Crawford for F- and G-type stars.Paper presented at the 11th European Regional Astronomical Meetings of the IAU on New Windows to the Universe, held 3–8 July, 1989, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain     

Возможный механизм радиоизлучения пульсаров

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Динамические равновесные плазменные конфигуации и физика магнитосферы

, 1-, 2- 3- . , .     

Pregalactic-primordial low-mass stars

The Main-Sequence positions as well as the evolutionary behavior of Population III stars up to an evolution age of 2×10¹⁰ yr, taking this time as the age of the Universe, have been investigated in the mass range 0.2 and 0.8M . While Population III stars with masses greater than 0.3M develop a radiative core during the approach to the Main Sequence, stars with masses smaller than 0.3M reach the Main Sequence as a wholly convective stars. Population III stars with masses greater than 0.5M show a brightening of at most 2.2 in bolometric magnitude when the evolution is terminated as compared to the value which corresponds to zero-age Main Sequence. The positions of stars with masses smaller than 0.5M remain almost the same in the H-R diagram.If Population III stars have formed over a range of redshifts, 6相似文献   

Coronal changes associated with a disappearing filament

This paper describes Skylab/ATM observations of the events associated with a disappearing filament near the center of the solar disk on January 18, 1974. As the filament disappeared, the nearby coronal plasma was heated to a temperature in excess of 6 × 10⁶K. A change in the pattern of coronal emission occurred during the 11/3 hr period that the soft X-ray flux was increasing. This change seemed to consist of the formation and apparent expansion of a loop-like coronal structure which remained visible until its passage around the west limb several days later. The time history of the X-ray and microwave radio flux displayed the well-known gradual-rise-and-fall (GRF) signature, suggesting that this January 18 event may have properties characteristic of a wide class of X-ray and radio events.In pursuit of this idea, we examined other spatially-resolved Skylab/ATM observations of long-duration X-ray events to see what characteristics they may have in common. Nineteen similar long-lived SOLRAD X-ray events having either the GRF or post-burst radio classification occurred during the nine-month Skylab mission. Sixteen of these occurred during HAO/ATM coronagraph observations, and 7 of these 16 events occurred during observations with both the NRL/ATM slitless spectrograph and the MSFC-A/ATM X-ray telescope. The tabulation of these events suggests that all long-lived SOLRAD X-ray bursts involve transients in the outer corona and that at least two-thirds of the bursts involve either the eruption or major activation of a prominence. Also, these observations indicate that long-lived SOLARD events are characterized by the appearance of new loops of emission in the lower corona during the declining phase of the X-ray emission. However, sometimes these loops disappear after the X-ray event (like the post-flare loops associated with a sporadic coronal condensation), and sometimes the loops remain indefinitely (like the emission from a permanent coronal condensation).Visiting Scientist, Kitt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, Ariz. 85726, U.S.A. operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under contract with the National Science Foundation.Presently located at NASA/MSFC, Space Sciences Laboratory, Marshall Space Flight Center, Ala. 35812, U. S.A.     

Взаимооействие Излучения Рентгеновскооо Истооника с АтмосФерой Нормальной Звезды в Тесных Двойных Системах

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Shear angle of magnetic fields

In this paper we introduce a new parameter, the shear angle of vector magnetic fields, , to describe the non-potentiality of magnetic fields in active regions, which is defined as the angle between the observed vector magnetic field and its corresponding current-free field. In the case of highly inclined field configurations, this angle is approximately equal to the angular shear, , defined by Hagyardet al. (1984). The angular shear, , can be considered as the projection of the shear angle, , on the photosphere. For the active region studied, the shear angle, , seems to have a better and neater correspondence with flare activity than does . The shear angle, , gives a clearer explanation of the non-potentiality of magnetic fields. It is a better measure of the deviation of the observed magnetic field from a potential field, and is directly related to the magnetic free energy stored in non-potential fields.     

The behaviour of the infrared lines of neutral oxygen and the balmer lines of hydrogen in the spectra of early-type stars with emission lines

The equivalent widths of the oxygen lines at 7774 and 8446 and of H (and some H) have been measured for 22 early-type, emission-line stars. A strong correlation between H and 8446 intensities has been found, although there is no such correlation between H and 7774. This confirms the probability that Bowen's mechanism is operative (the neutral oxygen 3³ D state is overpopulated because the excitation energy of Ly- nearly coincides with that of theOi 1025 line). The possibility of using 8446 and H equivalent widths for a comparison of oxygen to hydrogen abundances in these stars is discussed.     

Spectrophotometric observations of delta Capricorni

Spectrophotometric observations of the eclipsing binary system Capricorni, covering the wavelength interval 3300–7300 Å, have been presented. Comparison of the standard spectral scans of Cap with the spectral scans of the stars of known spectral types and luminosity classes taken from the Breger (1976) catalogue shows that, near the phase of secondary eclipse, Cap shows the spectral-luminosity type as A8-9III. This is in agreement with the photometric findings of Srivastava (1987b). H emission is not visible convincingly, however, some irregularities are apparent, at least in two scans, around the H region.