用钼铁矿尾矿作原料生产水泥

利用杭州闲林埠含钼铁矿石尾矿进行水泥生产配料,可代替全部铁质原料和作矿化剂用的外掺石膏,促进熟料烧成,提高水泥产量、质量,降低生产成本。这项技术的推广,为水泥业开辟了新的廉价原材料,也使尾矿得到利用。     

水力旋流分级铁尾矿对高强结构材料性能的影响

将铁尾矿进行分级,细粒部分用于制备胶凝材料,粗粒部分作为细骨料用于制备尾矿高强结构材料,不仅能节省胶凝材料制备过程的磨细费用,还能进一步提高尾矿高强结构材料的强度(郑永超等,2009)。但大规模利用选矿厂正在排出的     

石膏尾矿墙体材料的研究

通过实验确定了生产石膏尾矿墙体材料的配合比及CaO、复合外加剂的最佳掺量，利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜以水化产物的种类及结构形态进行了分析研究，并对其物理力学性能做了测试与分析。     

利用尾矿生产新型建材的研究

利用尾矿生产新型建材的研究苏蓉晖章庆和（湖南省图书馆，长沙４１００１１）（中南工业大学，长沙４１００１２）关键词尾矿新型建材二次资源尾矿作为二次资源可以综合利用，近年来国内外对此都非常重视，也获得了不少成绩，但相对数量庞大的尾矿而言，乃是“杯水车薪”...     

尾矿坝治理技术

尾矿坝在矿山环境的保护和治理中起到很大的作用，它主要应用于堆放和处理矿山生产所带来的废渣、废水等污染物质，而坝体浸润线过高会影响尾矿坝的稳定性。尾矿坝治理技术众多，重点介绍了管井法降水、垂直水平自流排渗法、水平自流排渗法、辐射井排渗法等。在结合实例讨论的基础上，综合分析了不同方法的优、缺点，并提出了其应用范围以及其在应用中应注意的技术问题。     

浅议上游法细粒尾矿堆坝问题

上游法细粒尾矿堆坝是尾矿处理技术遇到的难题之一。本文对细粒尾矿堆坝的不利条件进行了分析，通过和一般砂性尾矿堆坝条件的对比，讨论了二者在沉积滩形态、坝体剖面结构及土层力学性状等方面的差异对尾矿坝稳定性的影响。并就如何解决这一辣手问题提出了一些看法。     

粉煤灰—CaO胶凝尾矿免烧建筑材料的显微形貌特征及反应机理研究

本文利用粉煤灰－CaO无熟料粉煤灰水泥作为生产尾矿免烧建筑制品的胶凝材料，采用常压湿热养护技术，实验研究了粉煤灰－CaO胶凝体系和粉煤灰－CaO－尾矿蒸养体系，运用SEM研究手段，对不同工艺条件下粉煤灰水泥及尾矿建筑材料的显微形貌特征进行了研究，并对蒸养过程中的反应机理进行了探讨。     

南京市矿山尾矿利用现状及加快尾矿利用的对策

随着矿业开发规模的加大，大量尾矿的露天堆存，不仅造成了资源的浪费，对环境和人类的危害也日益严重。尾矿利用是充分利用资源和消除尾矿对环境的危害的重要途径，对此 有充分认识，南京尾矿库存总量约２５００万ｔ，每年新增尾矿量５０万ｔ，尾矿的利用程度和范围还远远不够，就加快南京市尾矿利用步伐提出了对策。     

攀钢马家田尾矿化学固结机理初探

通过对马家田尾矿堆积坝水化学场的分析，初步探讨水化学场地变异对尾矿的凝聚力和压缩性的影响，以及非饱和一一饱和的氧化还原状态下Ca^2 ,Mg^2 ,SO^2-4离子和Fe(OH)^3凝胶在尾矿颗粒间产生化学胶结的尾矿化学固结机理，并划分了3个不同的化学固结分区，即化学固结增强区，化学固结相对稳定区和化学固结削弱区。     

不同浸提工艺的金矿尾矿中砷的存在形态研究

金矿尾矿是砷污染的重要来源,不同冶炼工艺形成的尾矿中砷的赋存状态有很大差异,不同的砷形态会直接影响其在环境中的迁移转化行为,确认砷的存在形态是修复砷污染场地研究中的重要内容。本文针对浮选法和生物氧化法两种不同浸金方法的尾矿,采用pH计和氧化还原电位自动测定仪测量尾矿的物理性质(pH、氧化还原电位),采用X射线衍射和X射线荧光光谱分析尾矿的矿物物相和主要成分,电子探针分析砷的存在形态。表征结果表明,浮选法尾矿和生物氧化法尾矿的物理性质都会因堆置环境的变化而变化,其Eh、pH和零电荷点都大致相同,pH≈8.5,样品零电荷点(pHPZC)大约为8.5。由于两种尾矿都属于碱性环境,因此在修复方法的选择上也受到限制,如只适合在酸性条件下进行的电动修复法就不适用于这两种尾矿,修复试剂的选择也以碱性物质和铁的氧化物(氢氧化物)为主。浮选法尾矿的主要矿物类型为石英、白云石和黏土矿物,化学主要成分是Si和Al,尾矿呈灰白色,其中砷的含量约为754μg/g左右,主要以毒砂(FeAsS)形式存在;而生物氧化法尾矿的主要矿物类型为石膏,化学主要成分是Fe、Ca和S,尾矿呈红棕色,其中砷的含量约为26350μg/g,主要以毒砂(FeAsS)和五氧化二砷(As2O5)形式存在。两种浸金工艺每一道工序的不同,都会造成两种尾矿在矿物相、主要成分和其中砷存在形态上的差异。因此在进行尾矿原位修复工作时,应考虑不同浸金方法对尾矿堆置环境和砷存在形态的影响,从而选择出一种更加合适、廉价、高效的修复方法和试剂。     

渣场的一种新渗流排防体系研究

通过对多个磷石膏渣场工程资料的理论分析,提出了一个新的渣场防渗排渗设计方案。该方案不同于常规方案之处是在磷石膏渣场下游的底部设置了排渗棱体,改善了磷石膏底部的排水条件,使磷石膏渣场的浸润线大幅下降。新方案不仅提高了磷石膏渣坝的安全性,还大幅度降低了渣场的运行费用,并在实际工程中得到了应用,取得了良好的效果。它不仅为磷石膏渣场的防渗排渗设计提供了切实有效的理论依据,而且对其他利用尾矿筑坝的渣场的防渗排渗设计有着重要的指导意义。     

Supergene mineralization in mining residues of the Matchless cupreous pyrite deposit (Namibia)—a clue to the origin of modern and fossil duricrusts in semiarid climates

Mineralogical, geochemical, sedimentological and microbiological investigations of the evolution of supergene mineralization of mining residues at Matchless chalcopyrite–pyrite deposit (Namibia) have delineated what may be called “the minero-stratigraphy of tailings”. The encrustations of the supergene or secondary mineralization have originated from alteration of sulfides and carbonates of the primary mineralization and from chemical agents (e.g. lime, phosphate) added during processing of ore. The variation in tailings discharge and the early diagenetic alteration led to a pronounced bedding and the development of distinct layers within the tailings impoundment: (1) gypsum–carbonate (e.g. huntite), (2) gypsum–sulfate (e.g. melanterite), (3) gypsum–phosphate (e.g. brushite), (4) gypsum–chloride (e.g. halite), (5) sulfate–gypsum efflorescence (e.g. copiapite).Deposition and early diagenesis of tailings may be described as follows: During deposition of tailings, oxidation began because of relocations of the discharge point. Phyllosilicate-rich layers form local aquatards and minimize solution homogenization in the succeeding cycles of deposition. The whole impoundment is a series of paleo-oxidation zones on which the current oxidation in the vadose zone is being superimposed. Low-pH zones, even though some are now in the saturated part of the impoundment, owe their low pH to low dolomite content, reflecting variations in the input of primary minerals. Excess pyrite and Fe hydrolysis is still generating acidity and the formation of a typical “gossan-type” profile is in progress. The modern hardpans in the tailings may, during late diagenesis, eventually evolve to duricrusts analogous to those duricrusts that have largely been studied in geological series prevalently of Cenozoic age.     

砷在石膏中固定机制:掺杂态和表面吸附沉淀态以及其在砷污染控制中的作用

石膏是矿山开采及冶炼等工业过程产生的大宗固体废弃物。工业活动产生的废液普遍有高含量的砷等有毒元素,这导致所产生的石膏也含有较高浓度的砷等有毒元素。研究砷在石膏中地球化学行为和归趋对含砷石膏的砷污染控制具有重要的理论和实际意义。然而目前对含砷石膏中不同形态的砷的定量测定和分析尚存在问题。本文在不同pH值的条件下共沉淀砷和石膏,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、同步辐射X-射线吸收近边光谱(XANES)和电子顺磁共振(EPR)对石膏中掺杂态和表面吸附沉淀态的砷进行定量分析。ICP-MS的结果表明随着pH从2升高到12 和14,石膏中砷的含量由57×10^-6 增加到 67 470×10^-6和63 980×10^-6。同步辐射X-射线吸收近边光谱和电子顺磁共振光谱分析表明石膏样品中主要含有五价砷。在2≤pH≤7.5时,固体样品中同步辐射吸收边后的峰形状和掺杂态砷的形状类似,而在pH≥8时,其边后峰的形状发生明显的变化;粉末电子顺磁共振(EPR)定量分析表明在2≤pH≤7.5时砷在石膏中的含量和ICP-MS的分析结果一致,而在pH≥8时其含量明显小于ICP-MS的分析结果。这些结果揭示了在2≤pH≤7.5时,砷在石膏中主要以掺杂态的形式存在,而在pH≥8时大部分砷是以吸附态或表面沉淀的形式存在。五价砷在石膏中的含量和固定机制随着pH值的变化而变化,其研究对了解尾矿中石膏对砷污染的控制作用具有重要作用。此外,研究石膏中由辐射导致的g约为2.33的[AsO₃]^2-自由基电子顺磁共振特征峰,有助于补充和完善石膏的电子顺磁共振特征谱在地质测年及辐射剂量学中的应用。     

Hydro-mechanical evaluation of stabilized mine tailings

. In this study, mine tailings waste was stabilized using a combination of lime, fly ash type "C", and aluminum. Treated samples were subjected to mineral identification for evaluating the formation of ettringite and gypsum. Also, unconfined compression, hydraulic conductivity, and cyclic freeze and thaw tests were performed to evaluate the hydro-mechanical properties of the stabilized samples. Experimental results have shown that the application of lime and fly ash type "C" to high sulfate content tailings has improved its plasticity, workability, and volume stability. Moreover, upon addition of aluminum to lime and fly ash in a sulfate-rich environment, ettringite and calcium sulfo-aluminate hydrate are formed in these samples. Application of 5% lime, 10% fly ash type "C", in combination with 110 ppm aluminum, resulted in the formation of a solid monolith capable of producing more than 1,000 kPa of unconfined compressive strength, and reduced tailings permeability to 1.96᎒^–6 cm s^–1, which is less than the recommended permeability of 10^–5 cm s^–1 by most environmental protection agencies for reusability of solidified/stabilized samples. The permeability of the treated tailings samples remained below the recommended permeability, even after exposing the treated samples to 12 freeze and thaw cycles. Therefore, based on the experimental results, it is concluded that treatment of high sulfate-content tailings with lime and fly ash, combined with the availability of aluminum for reactions, is a successful method of solidifying highly reactive mine tailings.     

Influence of climate, mineralogy and mineral processing on the weathering behaviour within two, low-sulfide, high-carbonate, gold mine tailings in the Eastern Desert of Egypt

Despite its importance within environmental management strategies, little concern is shown to sulfide oxidation and/or hardpan formation at neutral pH where dry condition prevails. Two gold mine tailings in Egypt, El Sid and Barramiya, were studied for their geochemical/mineralogical properties, and climate influence on hardpan formation. The tailings are characterised by homogeneous silt-sized sediments (>42%), have high carbonate, predominantly as calcite for El Sid and dolomite-ankerite for Barramiya, and low-sulfide contents, chiefly as pyrite, galena and sphalerite for El Sid, and arsenopyrite–pyrite for Barramiya. El Sid is characterised by high average concentrations of Pb (2,758 mg/Kg) and Zn (2,314 mg/Kg), its lower part dominated by mafics, overlaid by granitoids. Barramiya has higher As (average 2,836 mg/Kg) content and represents a mixture of mica-schists/mafics-ultramafics. During field investigations, no hardpans were identified, only bassanite and gypsum were found at the surface of El Sid tailings, forming thin layers and desiccation crack fillings. Column experiments showed a thin crust consisting of gypsum, halite and sodium sulfate formed at the top of the column of El Sid tailings after 2 weeks, this was not recognized in the column from Barramiya. The homogenous thickened tailings deposition in both areas did not favour hardpan formation, since the critical amounts of reacting sulfides were never achieved in individual lamina, due to missing mineral/grain size fractionation. The high-temperature/low-water availability, characteristic for desert climate regions did not allow significant sulfides oxidation. Therefore, both tailings will suffer from continuous erosion and spreading out of contaminants to the environment for a prolonged period of time by sporadic flash floods.     

Mobilization and attenuation of heavy metals within a nickel mine tailings impoundment near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

 The oxidation and the subsequent dissolution of sulfide minerals within the Copper Cliff tailings area have led to the release of heavy metals such as Fe, Ni, and Co to the tailings pore water. Dissolved concentrations in excess of 10 g/l Fe and 2.2 g/l Ni have been detected within the shallow pore water of the tailings, with increasing depth these concentrations decrease to or near analytical detection limits. Geochemical modelling of the pore-water chemistry suggests that pH-buffering reactions are occurring within the shallow oxidized zones, and that secondary phases are precipitating at or near the underlying hardpan and transition zones. Mineralogical study of the tailings confirmed the presence of goethite, jarosite, gypsum, native sulfur, and a vermiculite-type clay mineral. Goethite, jarosite, and native sulfur form alteration rims and pseudo-morphs of the sulfide minerals. Interstitial cements, composed of goethite, jarosite, and gypsum, locally bind the tailings particles, forming hardpan layers. Microprobe analyses of the goethite indicate that it contains up to 0.6 weight % Ni, suggesting that the goethite is a repository for Ni. Other sinks detected for heavy metals include jarosite and a vemiculite-type clay mineral which locally contains up to 1.6 weight % Ni. To estimate the mass and distribution of heavy metals associated with the secondary phases within the shallow tailings, a series of chemical extractions was completed. The experimental design permitted four fractions of the tailings to be evaluated independently. These four fractions consisted of a water-soluble, an acid-leachable, and a reducible fraction, as well as the whole-rock total. Twenty-five percent of the total mass of heavy metals was removed in the acid-leaching experiments, and 100% of the same components were removed in the reduction experiments. The data suggest that precipitation/coprecipitation reactions are providing an effective sink for most of the heavy metals released by sulfide mineral oxidation. In light of these results, potential decommissioning strategies should be evaluated with the recognition that changing the geochemical conditions may alter the stability of the secondary phases within the shallow tailings. Received: 9 April 1997 · Accepted: 21 July 1997     

Hydrochemistry, mineralogy and chemical fractionation of mine and processing wastes associated with porphyry copper mines: A case study from the Sarcheshmeh mine, SE Iran

The Sarcheshmeh is one of the largest Oligo-Miocene porphyry Cu deposits in the world. Comparative hydrochemical, mineralogical and chemical fractionation associated with mining efflorescence salts and processing wastes of this mine are discussed. Hydrochemical results showed that rock waste dumps, reject wastes and old impoundments of tailings are the main sources of acid mine drainage waters (AMD) that contain potentially toxic metals such as Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn as well as Al. Episodic fluxes of highly contaminated acidic waters were produced in a tailings dam over a short period of time. Secondary soluble minerals provide important controls on the quality of AMD produced, especially in old, dry tailings impoundments. Secondary sulfate minerals such as gypsum, magnesiocopiapite, hydronium jarosite, kornelite and coquimbite were found in rock waste drainages and in old weathered reject wastes. Highly soluble secondary minerals such as gypsum, eriochalcite, and bonattite are also observed in an evaporative layer on old tailings impoundments. Chemical fractionation patterns of potentially toxic elements showed that the geochemical behavior of metals is primarily controlled by the mineralogical composition of waste samples. Elements such as Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn are readily released into the water soluble fraction from efflorescence salts associated with rock waste drainages, as well as from the evaporative layer of old tailings. Potentially toxic elements, such as As, Mo and Pb, are principally adsorbed or co-precipitated with amorphous and crystalline Fe oxides, but they may also be associated with oxidizing, primary sulfides and residual fractions. Following the development of the dammed tailings pond, the secondary minerals were dissolved, producing acidic waters contaminated by Al (154 mg L⁻¹), Cu (150 mg L⁻¹), Cd (0.31 m gL⁻¹), Co (2.13 mg L⁻¹), Mn (73.7 mg L⁻¹), Ni (1.74 mg L⁻¹), Zn (20.3 mg L⁻¹) and Cl (1690 mg L⁻¹). Therefore, the potential use of recycled water from the Sarcheshmenh dammed tailings pond is diminished by the presence of corrosive ions like Cl⁻ in highly acidic fluids that promote corrosion of pipes and pumps in the water recycling system.     

铜陵地区黄金矿山尾矿资源的综合利用

随着黄金开发规模的扩大和开采历史的延长,黄金矿山尾矿多采用库存方式处理,尾矿堆积量逐年增加,不仅占用大量的土地,造成库区周围环境污染,而且还需要投入大量的资金用于尾矿库的修筑和维护管理工作.因此,对于1g/t左右的黄金矿山尾矿的综合利用,已成为各黄金矿山资源综合利用和环境的工作重点之一.铜陵地区的黄金资源开发,随着矿山开采年代久远,高品位矿石已成下降趋势,因此对往日排弃的尾矿显得重视起来.我公司通过对这种排弃的尾矿勘查、研究,经过经济分析,大部分尾矿具有较好的经济价值.对于这种不可再生的矿产资源的研究,为今后的黄金矿山可持续发展、资源综合利用及生态环境保护提供了科学依据.     

山西中奥陶世石膏岩的成因类型及生成环境

山西中奥陶世石膏岩的沉积受到机械沉积作用的影响。区内九种石膏岩分别是不同水深条件下的沉积及交代产物,并可归纳为浪基面下洼地、浅水、滩岛潮坪等三种沉积环境。在空间上,它们彼此依存、转换并连为一体形成一个巨大的浅水蒸发岩沉积。