中国盐湖锂资源的产业化现状-以西台吉乃尔盐湖和扎布耶盐湖为例

锂对国民经济和国家安全具有重要意义, 是21世纪的能源金属。近10年, 中国主要从国外进口碳酸锂产品。中国是一个多盐湖的国家, 盐湖锂占锂资源工业总储量的85%。现代第四纪盐湖主要分布在我国西北的青海、西藏、新疆和内蒙古四省区, 具有很好的开发前景。经过多年科研后, 目前国内已经在西台吉乃尔和扎布耶两个盐湖建立了卤水提锂产业。本文对比研究了这两个盐湖资源状况和地理气候条件, 以及由此而决定的盐湖资源开发工艺流程, 探讨了其工艺优化方向。并指出这两个盐湖具有锂资源储量大, 品位高的优势, 但是受盐湖类型或地理气候条件限制, 工艺上有待改善。建议继续加强对盐湖开发技术优化和对盐湖提锂产业的扶持。     

西藏扎布耶盐湖超大型B、Li矿床成矿物质来源研究

扎布耶盐湖位于西藏高原腹地,是一个现代盐湖矿床。对扎布耶地区地球化学背景的研究表明:变质岩及蚀变岩石中硼锂含量很高以及电气石脉的出现,暗示着扎布耶地区深部曾产生含硼锂高的热流体;沉积岩中除晚石炭世砂岩含硼锂稍高外,其他岩石均低于同类岩石的平均含量;火山岩中除早白垩世基性岩的硼锂含量高于基性岩平均含量外,其他均很低;该区大量发育的第四纪钙华含硼锂非常高,表明早期的热水系统曾提供过大量的成矿物质;河流及泉水中的硼锂含量是世界河水平均含量的数倍至数百倍,表明地表和近地表条件下的水-岩相互作用的产物也是成矿物质来源之一。     

川东华蓥山褶皱带及其南部地区的水文地质条件及深部高矿化水的寻找方向和对油气藏的影响

解放后随着祖国社会主义的建设,对地下水的开发利用也迅速的开展了起来。值得我们自豪的是在四川成都华阳等地,于公元前250年前已井采卤了,开世界之首。号称盐都的自贡,现在不但从深部的地下水中提鍊着供给四川贵州两省70％人的食盐,而且还从水中提鍊碘、锶、锂、钡等,生产着国内从未生产过的硝酸锶、碳酸锶、碳酸锂、     

智利有若干大型锂矿准备投产

智利北部的几个大型高品位锂矿床,将由不久前成立的美国福特矿业公司与智利国家公司合办的企业着手开发.这些矿床的锂含量相当高,达到0.15%,而美国已开采的同类矿床只有0.04%.所以迟至目前才决定利用,是因为早先的一项法令禁止外资开采这种战略资源.这家企业获准从许多地下泉的盐水中提取锂和镁,其余伴生矿物的回收权,包括钾和钙,则属于智利国家公司.该企业有权采用已知的任何一种工艺从盐水中提取锂的化合物.智利方面的合营人员可以了解全部生产过程,     

全球锂资源供需前景与对策建议

随着信息技术和新能源汽车等新兴产业的兴起,金属锂的地位和作用与日俱增。通过分析全球锂资源及其分布、供需现状及锂电发展对未来锂的供需影响,认为全球锂市场在中短期内将由供过于求向供需趋紧转变;长远来看,全球锂资源量大,且随着进入社会领域的锂产品规模扩大,锂的二次资源回收循环利用也将增加,理论上可以满足人类本世纪需求。锂的生产集中度过高、国内盐湖提锂工艺有待改进、锂电安全性问题等是制约中国锂业可持续发展的重要因素。因此,提出要将锂作为中国的新能源关键矿产,适时建立并启动锂的战略储备,加强高Mg/Li值盐湖卤水提锂工艺的科技公关,加强高性能锂电技术研发等对策建议。     

锂在玻璃中的应用

锂在玻璃中的应用已有一个较长的历史。玻璃用锂早期为碳酸锂（Ｌｉ２ＣＯ３）等锂化合物，以后逐渐转为应用锂矿物（天然锂硅酸盐矿物）。由于锂化合物和锂矿物具有独特的性质而被用于许多玻璃配料。它在玻璃生产中的主要作用是用作助熔剂，以替代会产生空气污染的硼和氟；可使玻璃收缩致密，提高玻璃的表面硬度；降低玻璃热膨胀系数，提高玻璃的表面张力；改善玻璃电化学稳定性；改变辐射性质等。锂改善了玻璃性能，从而生产出具有特殊用途的玻璃产品。如锂钡玻璃能吸收有害辐射，用于生产电视显像管玻璃，避免辐射对人体的侵害；辐射玻璃…     

熔融制样X射线荧光光谱法测定含硫量高的石膏矿物中主次量元素

X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)已经应用于石膏等非金属矿物的测定,但由于石膏标准物质匮乏、硫含量较高且在高温易挥发损失,给测定带来了一定困难。本文采用石膏标准物质、高纯硫酸钙和其他国家一级标准物质(土壤、水系沉积物、碳酸盐)配制人工标准物质拟合校准曲线,优化稀释比、熔矿温度等熔融制样条件,用理论α系数校正基体效应,建立了采用XRF同时测定石膏矿中10个主次量元素(硅铝铁钙镁钾钠钛硫锶)的分析方法。样品与四硼酸锂-偏硼酸锂熔剂的稀释比为1∶9,在1050℃温度下样品熔融完全。方法检出限为4~135μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=12)小于3.0%。本方法配制的人工校准样品加强了样品基体的适应性,使用的四硼酸锂-偏硼酸锂熔剂在样品熔融过程中可有效地结合硫,抑制了硫的挥发损失,适用于批量分析硫含量高达12.60%~51.91%的实际石膏矿物。     

青海盐湖提锂技术获新突破

<正>从青海省工信厅获悉,青海省盐湖高镁锂比卤水提锂技术取得新突破。柴达木盆地盐湖镁锂比值普遍过高,镁锂分离技术难度大,青海省科研人员通过采用吸附法、萃取法、煅烧法等工艺,有效解决了从高镁锂比盐湖中提取高纯锂和硼的世界性难题,使得青海盐湖卤水提锂技术水平处于世界领先地位。目前,青海省实现了产品产量从小规模生产到工业化量产。由于各盐湖卤水提锂工艺技术不完全成     

西藏扎布耶碳酸盐型盐湖卤水相化学研究

中国盐湖资源丰富,且水化学类型齐全。西藏扎布耶盐湖位于西藏高原腹地,该湖卤水水化学类型为碳酸盐型,已处于盐湖演化晚期,是一个固液共存的盐湖矿床,具有很好的工业开发价值。笔者分别在15℃、25℃下对该卤水进行了等温蒸发实验,研究了在此两个温度下卤水中各元素富集行为和盐类矿物析出规律。并通过讨论其与国内外碳酸盐型和硫酸盐型锂盐湖的卤水蒸发路径和矿物析出异同,指出扎布耶盐湖具有其独特的卤水蒸发析盐路径。在本实验中低温有利于卤水中锂的富集,而高温有利于硼的富集,碳酸锂和钾盐交叉析出,低温时钾的矿物主要为钾石盐,高温时主要为钾芒硝,高温有利于获得高品位的碳酸锂混盐。     

江西发现一种新成因类型的三水铝石

郑秀中、葛金荣两同志在研究江西414含钽、铌钠长石化花岗岩风化壳中的粘土矿物的过程中,于强钠长石化、锂云母化花岗岩风化壳中发现大量可供矿山综合利用的三水铝石,其最高含量达24％,Al_2O_2/SiO_2为0.59,若对样品稍加处理,其含量可提高到60％以上,Al_2O_3/SiO_2达2.09。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861