稀土资源战略实施路径两种模式探讨

稀土元素因其丰富的光、电、磁、热特性被广泛应用于传统工业领域及新兴产业领域,稀土资源被多数国家认定为是战略性资源或关键性矿产资源。我国是稀土资源大国,无论从储量、产量还是消费量上来看我国都居于世界前列。从资源管理角度我国稀土资源战略定位可以概括为有效保护和合理利用稀土资源,保障资源供应安全;坚持国家利益最大化,优先满足国内应用需求;节约集约利用资源,在开发利用的同时保护生态环境。本文初步探讨了以计划为基础和以市场为导向的两种实现稀土资源战略的实施路径,并就此提出稀土产业发展的相关建议     

国务院规划七大战略新兴产业

近日,国务院总理温家宝主持召开国务院常务会议,讨论通过《“十二五”国家战略性新兴产业发展规划》和《全国游牧民定居工程建设“十二五”规划》。 会议指出,《“十二五”国家战略性新兴产业发展规划》面向经济社会发展的重大需求,提出了七大战略性新兴产业的重点发展方向和主要任务。其中,七大战略性新兴产业分别是．节能环保产业、新一代信息技术产业、生物产业、高端装备制造产业、新能源产业、新材料产业、新能源汽车产业。     

稀土消费大国：拓展供给渠道欲争定价权

在国际上,日本、美国、韩国及欧盟等国家对稀土资源的消费惊人。而满足这些国家的稀土资源绝大部分来自中国。中国在稀土行业的任何动作总能引起这些国家的过激反应。当中国整治稀土市场秩序的决定推出后,各稀土消费大国,一方面极力鼓吹子虚乌有的“稀土战”;另一方面,拓展稀土供给渠道,携大量稀土储备迫使中国降价。     

中国战略性关键矿产目录厘定

关键矿产目录是各国制定国家资源安全战略和全球资源竞争策略的基础。我国是全球最大资源消费国、生产国和贸易国,满足新时期自然资源综合管理、确保我国能源资源安全,亟待建立一份符合中国国情和新时期国际形势的中国战略性关键矿产目录。本文根据我国所处发展阶段以及矿产资源的储量、生产、消费和贸易特征,提出了“战略性关键矿产”的概念,将其定义为对国家经济和国防安全至关重要、同时或者存在较大供应风险、或者对全球具有较强控制力、或对战略新兴产业发展不可或缺的矿产资源,并据此构建了定量为主结合定性分析的评价筛选模型,筛选出了包括21种短缺矿产和10种优势矿产在内的31种战略性关键矿产,建立了我国的战略性关键矿产目录。     

石墨、萤石等战略非金属矿产发展趋势研究

战略性新兴产业几乎或多或少都与非金属矿及其制品有关,随着战略性新兴产业的发展,我国战略性矿产资源消费将迎来快速增长期.本文选取石墨、萤石、高纯石英、叶蜡石四种非金属矿产为战略非金属矿产,收集其产量、消费量、贸易情况等资料,对其重要性及用途、供需情况等进行研究,并对其未来需求趋势进行预测.本文认为石墨、高纯石英、萤石、叶...     

我国铬铁矿未来供需态势与调控政策分析

通过对我国铬铁矿资源的未来供需态势分析,得知它不仅现在远远满足不了消费的要求,而且随着需求的扩张,它的未来供需矛盾将不断加深,对外依存度会不断升级,为此开辟国外铬铁矿资源的供应已是形势所迫.为了保障它的供应安全而促进我国不锈钢等相关产业的健康发展,文章就促进铬铁矿资源可持续安全供应的调控政策的几个问题作了简要分析.     

中国地质调查局大宗急缺矿产和战略性新兴产业矿产调查工程整装勘查区基础地质调查与潜力评价工程进展

正为全力支撑和服务找矿突破战略行动,中国地质调查局紧密围绕国家重大需求,部署实施了大宗急缺矿产和战略性新兴产业矿产调查工程、整装勘查区基础地质调查与潜力评价工程,取得一批重大找矿成果,为国家能源资源安全保障和战略性新兴产业发展提供了重要基础支撑。一、大宗急缺矿产和战略性新兴产业矿产调查工程     

战略性关键矿产相关问题探讨

“战略性关键矿产”尚无统一的定义,本文解释为“在节能环保、新一代信息技术、生物、高端装备制造、新能源、新材料、新能源汽车等战略性新兴产业领域中必需的或者能够发挥关键性作用的矿产,包括稀土、稀有金属和稀散金属以及铂族元素、稀有气体和小部分有色金属及非金属。用量一般不大(全球年需求量一般不超过20万t),但具有资源本身的稀缺性、空间分布的局域性和原材料领域的不可替代性。对于一个国家的产业转型、科技创新、经济提升、国家安全、人类健康乃至于在社会发展的方方面面都能够发挥四两拨千斤的作用”。包括新能源领域中所必需的锂以及将来可能取代锂的铷,医学领域中的镓,军事与民用领域都不可或缺的铀、锂、铍等。石油、煤、铁、铜等大宗矿产也具有战略性意义,但一般作为基础性矿产资源而不纳入战略性关键矿产。     

三稀矿产资源新兴产业发展及政策建议

三稀矿产资源是战略性新兴产业发展的基础原料,广泛应用在国防、航天、高端电子设备、核工业、发光材料等高精尖技术领域。本文在系统收集国内外三稀矿产资源生产、消费领域、价格以及进出口资料的基础上,提出了促进三稀矿产资源新兴产业发展的政策建议     

战略新兴矿产调查工程进展与主要成果

随着我国经济社会发展和产业升级,钾盐、稀有金属、稀土金属、稀散金属、萤石、叶蜡石、脉石英、晶质石墨、硼等矿产在新一代信息技术、新能源汽车及高端装备制造等战略性新兴产业发展中发挥着越来越关键的作用,需求量也逐步攀升。 “战略新兴矿产调查工程”(2019—2021)以查明重要矿种的资源潜力、取得找矿突破、助推形成大型资源基地为目标,以矿调为手段,开展全国重点地区大型资源基地和重要矿集区锂、钾、铍、铌钽、萤石、脉石英等矿种成矿规律和找矿方法的创新研究,同时开展矿产资源的综合利用研究,取得了一批重大找矿成果,丰富了成矿理论,创新了找矿方法。概要介绍了该工程在川东北锂钾找矿、川西稀有稀土金属矿产调查、新疆阿尔金稀有金属矿产调查、江西赣南—福建浦城地区萤石、硼资源、东部地区脉石英、叶蜡石特种非金属矿产找矿等方面取得的新进展; 介绍了川东北、川西、阿尔金等主要成矿带稀有稀土矿产、萤石、脉石英等关键矿种成矿规律、勘查技术方法、绿色调查及综合利用等方面取得的成果,对进一步提高我国钾盐、锂矿、萤石、脉石英等战略性矿产资源保障程度和研究程度,促进新兴产业发展和我国战略性矿产后续调查评价具有重要意义。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of