河南小秦岭金矿区黄铁矿的红外光谱研究

本文主要报道了河南小秦岭金矿区的不同矿体位置的黄铁矿(FeS_2)的红外反射光谱,讨论了其声子结构及低频端Plasmon反射边的物理起源,并且用低温实验和有关光谱计算证明了有关结论,还根据所确定的Plasmon效应系数X值,发现与相应的样品中的杂质Pb,Cu,Au等元素在量值上存在一定的正相关性。     

闽东北地区层控铅锌矿床中方铅矿的一些标型特征及地质意义

本文对方铅矿的产出特征、各矿化期的方铅矿标型元素及其地质意义进行了论述,与省内外,国内外典型矿床的方铅矿的元素含量作了对比,确定本区方铅矿意义的主要元素是银、铋,不同成因的方铅矿银、铋的含量是有明显差别的。文中对不同成因的方铅矿铅同位素组成进行了讨论,并利用方铅矿内的固熔体分离的矿物种类及结构等对成矿温度、成矿环境等作出某些判断。     

攀西裂谷带铅-锌矿床中方铅矿的一些成因特征

本文主要从方铅矿中微量元素的含量和晶体化学的一些特征来讨论攀西裂谷带铅锌矿床的成因。方铅矿中具有成因指示意义的元素是Bi和Sb,研究表明,在方铅矿中Bi/Sb>1000时,其成因为中—高温热液类型,在Bi/Sb<1时为低温型或层控式。因此可根据该比值来确定矿床成因类型及成矿温度。Bi和Sb在方铅矿中替代Pb时,方铅矿晶格有缺位,这一晶体化学特征可解释在方铅矿中Ag与Bi、Sb含量间不一定呈正相关。     

微量元素地球化学应用中的若干问题

在研究湖南泥盆系层控矿床时,对方铅矿中Bi、Ag含量与成矿温度的关系、方铅矿与闪锌矿Cd分配系数地质温度计、黄铁矿S/Se、Co/Ni比值的成因意义等,提出了与前人不同的看法.     

广西老厂铅锌矿田方铅矿和闪锌矿微量元素特征及其成因探讨

老厂铅锌矿床不同成因类型矿脉中的方名矿、闪锌矿微量元素组成有明显差别。石英方 矿脉的方铅矿以高Ａｇ、Ｓｂ、Ｓｎ和低Ｇｅ、Ｃｄ、Ｔｅ为特征，与区域上典型岩浆热液矿床相一致。与闪锌矿共生的方铅矿则以低Ａｇ、Ｓｂ、Ｓｎ和高Ｇｅ、Ｃｄ、Ｔｅ为特征。所有闪锌矿以低Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｉｎ、Ａｇ、Ｓｎ和高Ｇａ、Ｇｅ为特征，均与国内典型的沉积改造型矿床相一致。根据这些特征可把本区叠回在一起的不同成因类型矿床区分开来。因     

南岭及其邻区热液和层控型铅锌矿床中方铅矿的微量元素及物性研究

南岭及其邻区两种不同成因类型铅锌矿床中方铅矿的微量元素标型较为明显,热液型方铅矿富Ag、Sb、Bi、Te、Se;层控型方铅矿含上述元素较低,而Au、Mo、Ge、In稍高。热液型方铅矿的Sb/Pb、Ag/Pb比值比层控型大,Sb/Bi、Se/Te、S/Se比值则比层控型小。此外,热液型方铅矿的比重、硬度、反射率、比层控型大,晶胞常数热电系数比层控型小。     

紫色玉髓的颜色成因初探

以紫色玉髓样品为主要研究对象,利用偏光显微镜、背散射电子图像、激光剥蚀-等离子体质谱、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计等测试手段,对其进行了图像、成分和光谱的分析,对比其他学者的研究成果,对紫色玉髓的颜色成因进行了探讨。研究认为,3块紫色玉髓样品的紫色成因都可以用色心进行解释,只是色心的形成过程各有不同。样品中微量杂质元素和水的存在,对于颜色的形成也有一定的影响。     

天柱大河边重晶石矿床铅同位素特征及来源探讨

对取自天柱大河边重晶石矿床的重晶石样品和含方铅矿黑色页岩样品进行了铅同位素测定与研究.结果表明,在 Zartman铅构造模式图中,重晶石矿石、含方铅矿黑色页岩和黑色页岩有大致相同的铅同位素分布区,均沿上地壳铅演化线分布,表明它们之间具有同源关系;重晶石矿石及其赋矿黑色页岩的铅同位素组成与基底地层的铅同位素组成在 Zartman铅构造模式图中具有完全不同的分布范围,表明重晶石矿石中的铅不大可能来源于基底地层;结合重晶石矿石及其赋矿黑色页岩的铅同位素组成在 Zartman铅构造模式图和Δγ-Δβ铅来源分类图的分布,天柱大河边重晶石矿床的铅主要具上地壳铅、壳幔混合的俯冲带铅和热水沉积作用铅的混合来源特点,这为天柱大河边重晶石矿床的热水沉积成因提供了铅同位素证据.     

西藏墨竹工卡县洞中拉铅锌矿床S、Pb同位素组成及成矿物质来源

为了探讨西藏墨竹工卡县洞中拉铅锌矿的成矿物质来源,研究矿床成矿机制,对该矿床的矿石样品进行了硫和铅同位素分析,并对其变化规律和成因意义进行讨论。研究结果表明,6件金属硫化物样品(闪锌矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿)的δ34S值变化于2.2‰～4.8‰之间,显示硫同位素组成比较稳定。根据共生硫化物对所确定的温度,该矿床属中低温热液矿床。6件金属硫化物样品206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb变化范围分别为18.628 0～18.629 6、15.698 0～15.699 9、39.077 5～39.082 4,平均值分别为18.628 70、15.699 02和39.079 37。硫和铅同位素研究结果表明,洞中拉铅锌矿床的硫主要来自沉积围岩,主要为无机还原成因,有少量硫来自本地区燕山晚期花岗岩;洞中拉铅锌矿床矿石铅主要来自上地壳物质。     

川西锦屏山地区金矿矿石特征及金的赋存状态研究

在对金矿石野外观察、镜下鉴定和电子探针观察的基础上,分析了对川西锦屏山地区金矿床中金的赋存状态,并对该地区金矿床的成因和矿石的加工技术性能进行了讨论。研究发现川西锦屏山地区金矿床的金矿石中金主要以自然金和包裹金两种形式存在,自然金主要呈片状、丝状赋存于其他矿物的颗粒之间,包裹金主要赋存于黄铁矿、黝铜矿、黄铜矿和方铅矿等矿物中,呈粒状、片状和丝状。矿石中主要的金属矿物组合为黄铁矿+黝铜矿+方铅矿+闪锌矿,含有自然铜、自然银和自然碲。研究区的金矿床可能为低硫、强还原热液改造形成,矿石样品的加工需按粗粒金的流程进行,矿石属于易加工矿石。     

实验变形煤结构演化的电子顺磁共振研究

通过１４件高温高压实验样品及其原样的电子顺磁共振研究,论述了温度、压力、应力、应变速率和应变强度等是影响变形煤化学结构演化的重要因素,但在不同的煤级中和不同的实验条件下,各因素所起的作用是不同的。变形煤ＥＰＲ参数的演化与镜质组反射率的变化密切相关,并且具有较好的规律性。说明镜质组反射率是煤化学结构演化的外在反映,是煤田构造研究中极为重要的标志物之一。     

Mechanisms of isomorphic substitution in quartz

Mechanisms of the incorporation of isomorphic impurities of Al, Ti, and Ge into quartz were studied by EPR techniques. For this purpose, laboratory experiments were carried out on quartz annealing, which allowed us to model the processes of impurity atom introduction into the quartz lattice. The investigation of the kinetics of these processes showed that they are described by diffusion-controlled reactions. In many samples, a proportional relationship was observed between the concentrations of Al and Ti impurities incorporated into the quartz structure during laboratory annealing. A comparison of the experimental results with the character of the natural distribution of isomorphic impurities in quartz revealed their similarity. Based on the analysis of the results of our investigations, two main mechanisms were proposed for isomorphic substitutions in quartz. One of them is referred to as the capture mechanism and corresponds to the incorporation of isomorphic impurities during mineral formation. The second, diffusion mechanism operates after the crystallization of quartz. The isomorphic impurities incorporated into the quartz structure by this mechanism are either formed through the decomposition and transformation of composite complexes or as a result of diffusion from crystalline and gas-liquid inclusions. It was suggested that both mechanisms are responsible for the incorporation of Al and Ge impurities into the mineral lattice, whereas Ti is introduced mainly by the diffusion mechanism. The accounting for the mechanisms of isomorphic substitutions provides a means to significantly increase the reliability of the interpretation of genetic information recorded in the distribution of structural impurities in quartz. Original Russian Text ? L.T. Rakov, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 10, pp. 1085–1096.     

山西省热矿水形成机制分析

本文以系统理论为指导，在深入研究地质北景的基础上，通过研究热矿水的含水介质，水动力场，水化学物和温度场的特征，划分了热矿水系统，探讨了热矿水的起源及形成机制，将山西热矿水的形成归纳为异常增温型和正常增温型两种基本模式，异常增温型又根据地质结构的不同，地下水径流条件的差异，列举了三种典型模式，最后指出了寻找热矿水的方向，开发利用热矿资源应注意的问题。     

铁铝榴石表面坑洞内一种异相材料的红外光谱证据

铁铝榴石表面的光泽差异可作为其是否经过了充填处理的重要证据之一,但需要辨别其成因是天然矿物包裹体出露还是人工注入材料所致。采用常规的宝石学测试方法和红外光谱技术分析了铁铝榴石样品的宝石学特征及其表面弱光泽材料的红外光谱特征,获得了其是否经过充填处理的关键证据。结果表明,显微红外反射光谱中1 200~900 cm-1范围内的谱带以及798,779 cm-1处的吸收峰表明铁铝榴石中的异相材料为石英矿物包裹体,而不是油、树脂、蜡、玻璃等人工充填物。因此,铁铝榴石表面有弱光泽材料的存在不能简单视为其经过充填处理的关键证据,其表面存在的矿物包裹体可能是引起石榴石光泽变化的原因之一。     

西北荒漠草甸植被光谱反射特征研究

选取位于西北干旱内陆地区的安西荒漠草场为观测试验区,分别对盐生低地草甸、极旱荒漠草甸和荒漠灌丛三类草地进行了地面反射光谱测定,并分析了主要荒漠草甸植被光谱反射的一般特征和红边参数特征,进而探讨了形成草地光谱特征差异的主要内在原因和影响因素。结果表明:在近红外波段,由于荒漠植被类别间叶片内部结构变化大,因此冠层光谱反射率差异较大;同一植被冠层光谱反射率的大小主要受植被长势的影响;受沙地背景的影响,在近红外波段,植被冠层的光谱反射率要明显小于叶片的光谱反射率;荒漠植被冠层光谱的红边也具有“双峰”现象,红边特征的参数表现为:沙地植被>绿洲植被>沙漠植被。对安西荒漠植被光谱特征的分析研究,对于研究干旱区荒漠植被的理化性能、遥感反演、植被分类、植被调查等都具有重要的意义。     

Zonal distribution of impurities in diamond

The zonal distribution of impurities in six diamonds (2 clear. 1 green-skinned, 2 green-bodied and 1 coated) was studied by neutron activation followed by dissolution of the diamond into a number of fractions. High surface concentrations of impurities found here and by other workers were attributed to both laboratory and natural contaminants. No unusual element distributions were found in the outer layer of the green-skinned diamond, the green skin probably being caused by natural radiation damage. The green-bodied diamonds had very different compositions from each other and from the other diamonds and it is suggested that such stones owe their colour to a high general level of impurities. All the diamonds, including the clear core of the coated diamond, contained impurities thought to be submicroscopic inclusions, either silicates, carbonates or immiscible sulphides derived from the parental magma. Variations in the composition of these inclusions in one diamond suggest changes in the host magma composition during growth. Sulphides apparently occurred in very small amounts throughout all the diamonds. Variations in the concentration of impurities are probably related to changes in growth rate or environment during diamond formation, and could explain some of the zonal variations in the physical properties of diamonds.     

The petrology of greek brown coals

Results are given in the petrography of Greek coals collected from most of the major coal-bearing basins in Greece.Rank was determined by measuring reflectances on the maceral varieties eu-ulminite A and eu-ulminite B and on the maceral textinite. Reflectances obtained from these components indicate a coalification stage of brown coal for all samples. Within this group of samples there is, however, a fairly wide scatter of reflectance values indicating for some of them the transition zone from peat to brown coal and for others a coalification stage close to the transition into bituminous coals. Reflectances obtained from eu-ulminite A and eu-ulminite B were found to correlate well with chemical rank parameters such as volatile matter and calorific value.Composition was determined by maceral analysis. The coals are in general characterized by low amounts of macerals of the inertinite group, low to intermediate amounts of macerals of the liptinite group and high amounts of macerals of the huminite group. Within the latter group densinite, attrinite, eu-ulminite and textinite make up the bulk of the samples.Typical macerals observed in the coals are illustrated by two black and white and three colour plates.Cluster analysis based on maceral distribution, mineral matter and reflectance indicates that the samples studied can be divided into three major groups. The first one is dominated by eu-ulminite and densinite with relatively high reflectances. The second is dominated by attrinite, textinite and texto-ulminite with somewhat lower reflectances. The third is represented by a single sample in which textinite and resinite are the most abundant macerals. This sample also has the lowest reflectance.     

DIWA STRUCTURES IN THE WORLD

(Following Vol.24,No.1) The author thinks that "it is necessary to independently study activation processes and structures,as their metallogeny is sharply different from metallogeny of geosynclines and platforms.Today,their significance increases because we need to work out a regional concept of rational use of natural resources,which corsiders that various natural resources(from mineral to recycled) have natural dynamic relations and mutual dependent relationships."     

辽宁省金自然重砂的分布规律及与金矿的关系

辽宁省金自然重砂异常在区域上区带性分布特征明显,在空间分布上划分6个区带.它们受较大规模的构造、赋矿地层、构造岩浆岩带等条件控制.自然重砂异常的形成受控于地质条件、矿物本身的物理化学性质,并与地形、地貌、水文等自然条件有关,但最重要的影响因素是金矿床的空间分布.重砂异常在空间上与原生矿体或含矿岩体密切相关,远较原生矿或含矿岩体范围大.可以利用重砂异常评定一个区域的含矿性和成矿特征,指导找原生矿和砂矿.