London: a sustainable city?

Observations include:
Ian Livingstone, London: a sustainable city?, p.77
Michael Parkinson, Key challenges for European cities: achieving competitiveness, cohesion and sustainability, p.78
Chris Hamnett, London's housing, p.80
Sarah Curtis, Health in London, p.84
Martin Frost, London's transport—investing for sustainability, p.92
Chris Birks, Mike Owen and Brian Arkell, London's water resources: threat or opportunity, p.92
Sean D Beevers, David C Carslaw and Gary W Fuller, London's air quality: nitrogen dioxide and particles (PM10) in London's air—present and future, p.97
Adam D Read, Where there's muck there's brass—the 'cost' of London'swaste?, p.103     

Coal resources, new air quality standards,and sustainability

According to the National Research Council’s Committee on Earth Resources the stated goal of the “sustainability” paradigm is that the economic activity that maintains current well-being not make future generations worse off, either through environmental degradation or resource depletion. Coal is not “running out” in the United States but the effects of economic deregulation of electricity generation, new air quality standards (Phase II of the 1990 Clear Air Act Amendments), and continued restructuring of the coal mining industry will likely stretch lowsulfur coal supplies in the next decade. The paper discusses these forces and then presents summary coal quality data in the form of grade-cumulative tonnage relationships for major U.S. producing areas to show where future low-sulfur coal supplies are likely to come from. The final section considers the potential magnitude of additional demand for low-sulfur coal, alternative compliance strategies, and implications in terms of maintaining economic efficiency and in terms of the “sustainability paradigm.”     

Book reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
Eric C. F. Bird, Coastal geomorphology: an introduction
Rex Walford, Geography in British schools 1850–2000
Carolyn Cartier, Globalizing South China
G. P. Chapman, The geopolitics of South Asia: from early empires to India, Pakistan and Bangladesh
N. Blomley, D. Delaney and R. Ford (eds.), The legal geographies reader     

Book reviews

Books reviewed:
Bridge, Gary and Watson, Sophie. A companion to the city
Hassard, John., Holliday, Ruth. and Willmott, Hugh. Body and organization
Dovey, Kim. Framing places. Mediating power in built form
DeMers, Micheal N. Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems     

Book reviews

A digital elevation model (DEM), which is used to represent a terrain surface, is normally constructed by applying an interpolation method on given sample elevation points. Interpolation methods can be classified into two classes: linear methods, which have a low time cost and are suitable for terrains where there is little change in elevation, and nonlinear methods, which normally consume comparatively more time and are more suitable for terrains where there are frequent changes in elevation. A hybrid interpolation method, which involves both a linear method and a nonlinear method of interpolation, is proposed in this paper. The proposed method aims to integrate the advantages of both linear and nonlinear interpolation methods for the refinement of regular grid DEM. Here, the bilinear is identified as the linear method, and the bi‐cubic is taken to be the nonlinear interpolation method. The hybrid method is an integration of a linear model and nonlinear interpolation model with a parameter that defines the weights for each of the models. The parameter is dependent on the complexity of the terrain, for which a DEM is to be interpolated. The experimental results in this study demonstrate that the hybrid method is effective for interpolating DEMs for various types of terrain.     

Book reviews

Books reviewed:
Alastair Gemmell, Geomorphology, human activity and global environmental change
John Gordon, Fundamentals of soils
J David Wood, The frontier environment and social order: The letters of Francis Codd from Upper Canada
Alastair M Curry, Landslides in the thick loess terrain of North–West China
Keekok Lee, The terrestrial biosphere: environmental change, ecosystem science, attitudes and values
Duncan Light, Nationalism and territory: constructing group identity in southeastern Europe
Tim Hall, Handbook of urban studies
Heather Norris Nicholson, Cinema and the city. Film and urban societies in a global context
Judith Petts, Global environmental risk     

Book reviews

Bokks reveiwed:
Phillips, Richard Voyages and visions: towards a cultural history of travel
Daniels, P W Globalization of Chinese business firms
Butler, Ruth Geographies of disability
White, Paul Migration and gender in the developed world
Laurier, Eric Poststructuralist geographies, the diabolical art of spatial science
Pinch, Steven The cultural economy of cities: essays on the geography of image–producing industries
Law, Andrew The City Cultures Reader
Duck, R W Hydrological and limnological aspects of lake monitoring
Grigg, David Food in society: economy, culture, geography     

黄河流域环境对水资源开发承受力的思考

根据黄河1919－1999年系列水沙资料，系统分析了其下游水沙变化时空过程，揭示了其发生断流原因及由此引发的环境问题，模拟了不同历史时期水情条件下环境用水需求量，并对如何提高黄河水资源开发承受能力，如何满足其环境用水提出看法。     

Water quality modeling and sensitivity analysis using Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) in the Shenandoah River watershed

This study used the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) to simulate nutrients, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll-a dynamics in the Shenandoah River basin and performed an uncertainty analysis to examine the complexity of these variables in water quality estimation and their influence on the Shenandoah River. Significant progress has been made; however, nutrient loads emitted into the Shenandoah River from nonpoint sources remain high. Modeling of three points on the Shenandoah River in Virginia and West Virginia provides an ideal case study since the river is classified by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality as being impaired. The results of a sensitivity test show that model error decreases with increasing model complexity and sensitivity. The model predicted DO values that tended to be close to the measured data, while total nitrogen and phosphorus tended to be overemphasized. Our results examine the importance of temperature, stream flow, and velocity in influencing water quality between seasons and levels on the different sections of the watershed.     

城市化过程中水资源利用保护问题探索——以长江下游若干城市为例

在全球经济一体化的新形势下,工业化与城市化过程加快,超大城市与城市化走廊不断扩展,尤其在发展中国家和亚洲地区。但在城市化过程中,由于人们缺乏科学发展观,片面追求社会经济效益,追求经济发展增长速度,忽视了生态环境的保护,尤其是对水资源的合理利用与保护。对长江下游经济发达地区一些重点城市,尤其是苏锡常地区与长江口的水质、水体保护与污染状况和城市化发展的相关问题曾作过深入调查分析;就地区的城市化特点、城市化过程、水资源利用管理以及合理保护水资源的问题作一些分析研究,试图探索中国经济发达区域城市化过程中水资源利用保护的新路子,特别对长江下游地区城市工业、产业结构调整和坚持走新型工业化道路提出了和谐发展的办法和模式,对本区的可持续发展具有重要的现实意义,为构建中国和谐社会作出努力。     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
Edvard Hviding and Tim Bayliss–Smith, Islands of Rainforest: Agroforestry, Logging and Eco–Tourism in Solomon Islands
Uwen E. Ite, Global Thinking and Local Action: Agriculture, Tropical Forest Loss and Conservation in Southeast Nigeria
Anthony Gar–On Yeh and Mee Kam Ng (eds.), Planning for a Better Urban Living Environment in Asia
Yao Souchou (ed.), House of Glass: Culture, Modernity and the State in Southeast Asia
Peggy Teo, T.C. Chang and K.C. Ho (eds.), Interconnected Worlds: Tourism in Southeast Asia
Paul Harrison and Fred Pearce, AAAS Atlas of Population and Environment     

试论水资源的可持续性利用与管理

水资源可持续利用是支撑经济社会可持续发展的重要战略物质，中国水资源短缺现象严重，为缓解中国水资源供求的矛盾，只有“量水而行”，使水资源的利用符合自然资源法则，开发利用不可超过水资源可利用量，经济社会发展用水必须与水资源承载能力相协调，这是实现水资源可持续性利用目标的基本条件，能否实现水资源可持续利用的目标，关键是运用新思想、策略，强化水资源管理，即要控制水的需求，节约用水，加强源头控制，防治污染，开发非传统水源，多元发展，从而实现水的总量平衡和结构平等，满足经济社会发展需求，提高水资源使用效率。     

河北省气候变化对水资源和荒漠化的影响

论述河北省气候的年代际变化特征 ,分析气温降水对水资源和荒漠化的影响 ,提出合理利用水资源、防治土地荒漠化的对策与建议。     

Sustainable for whom? Green urban development,environmental gentrification,and the Atlanta Beltline

Large-scale, sustainable urban development projects can transform surrounding neighborhoods. Without precautionary policies, environmental amenities produced by these projects, such as parks, trails, walkability, and higher-density development, tend to result in higher land and housing costs. This will make it harder for a low- and moderate-income households to live near the projects, and neighborhoods are likely to become increasingly affluent. The Atlanta Beltline will ultimately connect 45 Atlanta neighborhoods via a 22-mile loop of trails, parks, and eventually a streetcar, all of which follow abandoned railroad tracks. This paper examines the effect of the Beltline on housing values within one half mile. From 2011 to 2015, depending on the segment of the Beltline, values rose between 17.9 percent and 26.6 percent more for homes within a half-mile of the Beltline than elsewhere. The implications for housing affordability and neighborhood change of projects like the Beltline, and associated policy questions, are addressed.     

黑河流域水资源管理方式的初步探讨

从持续发展的角度,在认识到水资源经济价值和环境价值的基础上,对黑河流域水资源的管理方式进行了初步探讨。认为：（１）水资源环境价值部分的管理应主要通过政论的干预,在制定下策法规时增加资源环境约束来热行;（２）水资源经济价值部分的管理应主要借助市场的力量,以政论干预的宏观调控措施为辅进行管理。在分析当前几种水价制定的利弊后,对推行一种新的水资源管理模式（可交易取水许可证）的可能性进行了探讨。     

Research progress of socio-economic water cycle in China

China has made great progress in the study of socio-economic water cycle. She has completed national water resources appraisement and medium to long-term water supply planning. She has been engaging in study on water-deficient regions in North China and Northwest China for about half a century. For solving water shortage problem in northern China, she has put forward the famous South-to-North Water Transferring Projects, which has been set as one of the four biggest national projects in the Tenth Five-Year-Plan period although there are still debates. For promoting water use efficiency, China has been reforming her water management system, including water right system and water price system. There has already been a case of water right purchase. China has also done a lot of research on the interaction between human activity, water and ecosystem. For meeting the need of sustainability and coordinating water resources development and environmental protection, the study of ecological water requirement became very hot in recent years. There are three focuses of socio-economic water cycle study now in China: water transfer projects from the south to the north, water resources management and ecological water requirement.     

Research progress of socio-economic water cycle in China

China has made great progress in the study of socio-economic water cycle. She has completed national water resources appraisement and medium to long-term water supply planning. She has been engaging in study on water-deficient regions in North China and Northwest China for about half a century. For solving water shortage problem in northern China, she has put forward the famous South-to-North Water Transferring Projects, which has been set as one of the four biggest national projects in the Tenth Five-Year-Plan period although there are still debates. For promoting water use efficiency, China has been reforming her water management system, including water right system and water price system. There has already been a case of water right purchase. China has also done a lot of research on the interaction between human activity, water and ecosystem. For meeting the need of sustainability and coordinating water resources development and environmental protection, the study of ecological water requirement became very hot in recent years. There are three focuses of socio-economic water cycle study now in China: water transfer projects from the south to the north, water resources management and ecological water requirement.     

城市节水潜力估算与用水管理水平评定

本文在城市节水潜力和用水综合评定两个方面给出定量化模式,并给洛阳市为例,这些模式对一航城市具有普遍意义。     

Plan och verklighet i Helsingfors stadsförnyelse: Katajanokka (Skatudden)

Sundman, Mikael: Plan och verklighet i Helsingfors stadsförnyelse: Katajanokka. Geografisk Tidsskrift 83: 73–80. May 1., 1983.

Urban redevelopment in the capital of Finland is examined by comparisons between plans and development schemes for the city center of Helsinki and the peninsula of Katajanokka (Skatudden) situated just east of the city center.