沁水盆地寺家庄区块煤储层含气性及产能控制因素

为研究沁水盆地东北部煤层气成藏特征与产出控制因素,基于寺家庄区块煤层气勘探和生产资料,从地质构造、煤厚与煤层结构、埋深和水文地质特征等方面研究了煤层含气性影响因素,并结合压裂排采工艺和煤体结构等因素探讨了煤层气井产能控制因素。结果表明:(1) 研究区煤储层含气性受构造影响较大,在褶皱的轴部及旁侧构造挤压带,多呈现出高含气量,尤其是向斜轴部。在陷落柱和水文地质条件叠加作用下,15号煤层含气量整体较8、9号煤层低,且8、9号煤层含气饱和度也整体高于15号煤层。(2) 8、9和15号煤层含气性均表现出随煤层埋深增加而增大的趋势,但随埋深增加,构造应力和地温场的作用逐渐增强,存在含气量随埋深变化的“临界深度”(700 m左右)。煤层含气性也表现出随煤层厚度增加而增大的趋势,煤层结构越简单,煤层含气性越好。(3) 研究区中部的NNE?NE向褶皱与EW向构造叠加地区,因较大的构造曲率和相对松弛的区域地应力,具备较好渗透率条件和含气性,故成为煤层气高产区。(4) 发育多煤层地区采用分压合采技术可以有效增加产气量,多煤层可以提供煤层气井高产能的充足气源,且多个层位的同时排水降压可使不同煤储层气体产出达到产能叠加,实现长期稳产,含气性较好及游离气可能存在的区域可出现长期持续高产井。      

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘MG区块煤层裂缝发育多尺度预测

查明煤层裂缝的发育特征,对于煤层气开采及井下煤矿安全生产都具有重要意义.测井及地震是煤层裂缝的地球物理识别的有效手段,针对鄂尔多斯盆地东缘MG区块,利用电成像、电阻率、密度、声波时差、自然伽马、中子孔隙度和阵列声波等测井曲线对8+9号的煤层小尺度裂缝的地球物理响应进行了描述;利用OVT(Offset Vector Ti...     

前置酸压裂提高煤层气单井产量机理与适用性研究

针对目前我国煤层气地面开发单井产量低、开发效益差的现状,为探索研究适用于煤层气井的经济高效增产改造技术,借鉴常规油气藏前置酸压裂技术的成功经验,采集焦坪矿区4-2煤层煤样,进行前置酸改善压裂效果评价实验,结合宏观观察、X射线衍射分析及扫描电镜–能谱手段对比分析实验前后矿物质成分与含量变化,研究前置酸压裂技术煤层增产机理...     

綦江打通区块綦煤1井煤储层物性垂向分布特征

重庆綦江打通区块煤层气勘探程度较低,为探究其煤层气勘探开发潜力,采用压汞法、等温吸附实验、煤层气含量测试等手段,系统分析了綦煤1井揭露的主力煤层在垂向上孔隙结构、含气性等特征,综合评价了该区煤层气开发地质条件。结果表明:该井薄–中厚煤层发育,煤体结构以原生结构、碎裂结构为主,其中M₈煤层中部为碎粒结构煤;煤储层具有“低孔、特低渗”特征;下部M₈、M₁₂煤层以吸附孔为主,具有较强的吸附储气能力;主力煤层含气量较高,其中M₈煤层中部达到过饱和吸附状态,各煤层整体含气性好,研究区煤层气资源潜力较大,开发前景好。同时,垂向上各主力煤层的物性差异性和复杂性将对研究区煤层气开发工艺提出挑战。      

Modeling of ECBM recovery from Amasra coalbed in Zonguldak Basin,Turkey

Zonguldak coal basin is the only productive hard coal basin of Turkey. The eastern part of the basin is called as Bartin–Amasra District, which has deeper coal seams. The depth and difficulty of mining these coal seams make this district an important candidate for coalbed methane (CBM) recovery. However, there is not enough reservoir data for modeling purposes. In this study, the lithologic information collected for coal mining industry was used to determine the correlations and the continuity of the coal seams. The lithologic information was examined and the depths of the coal seams and the locations of the exploration boreholes were used to perform a reliable correlation using a new method. As a result of the correlation study, 63 continuous coal layers were found. A statistical reserve estimation of each coal layer for methane was made by using Monte Carlo simulation method. The initial methane in place found in the coal layers both in free and adsorbed states were estimated using probabilistic simulations resulted in possible reserve (P10) of 2.07 billion m³, probable reserve (P50) of 1.35 billion m³ and proven reserves (P90) of 0.86 billion m³.Among the determined continuous coal layers, coal layer #26 was selected for a preliminary investigation of the applicability of enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) recovery and CO₂ storage. The scarcity of coal seam reservoir data required a sensitivity study for the effects of reservoir parameters on operational performance indicators. The effects of adsorption, coal density, permeability, cleat porosity and permeability anisotropy parameters were examined using the Computer Modeling Group's (CMG) GEM module.     

波兰煤矿瓦斯高效抽放技术特点

目前,在波兰41对主要生产矿井中,有23对高瓦斯矿井进行了瓦斯抽放。2004年瓦斯平均抽放率为30%,平均利用率为39%。根据瓦斯地质条件、瓦斯涌出特点和采区通风方式,着重介绍了波兰煤矿强化煤层、围岩和采空区瓦斯抽放,提高矿井瓦斯抽放效率的工艺技术特点。在工作面的瓦斯排放中,注重开采、通风与瓦斯抽放一体化,通过优化抽放钻孔布置,取得钻孔瓦斯抽放的最佳效果,是波兰煤矿瓦斯治理的一项成功经验,成为煤矿持续安全高效生产的重要技术保障。     

二连盆地群低煤阶煤层气成藏模式——以霍林河盆地为例

为了建立断陷盆地的低煤阶煤层气成藏模式,从二连盆地群的霍林河盆地地质条件与煤层气地质特征入手,探讨该类盆地煤层气富集规律。研究结果显示:霍林河盆地煤层厚度可达80 m,煤层含气量为1.6~5.62 m3/t,瓦斯风化带深度为450~500 m;煤层的分布特征受同沉积构造与沉积环境控制,盆地内部小型凹陷与隆起决定着煤层的发育位置和煤层埋藏深度,基底的整体抬升确定了瓦斯风化带的位置;翁能花向斜与西南部向斜处,煤层厚度和埋藏深度均较大,煤层顶底板岩性为泥岩,其受到后期构造影响小,是煤层气成藏的有利地带。      

Geological controls on the formation and distribution of gas in British coal measure strata

The methane, ethane, higher alkanes and nitrogen found in British coal seams are residual products of coalification occasionally complemented by petroleum-derived hydrocarbons. Carbon dioxide, a minor constituent of coal seam gas, may have been introduced during the phase of cleat mineralisation following uplift. Helium and argon are considered to be radiogenic in origin.Variations in seam methane content with depth, geographic location and rank can be interpreted in terms of the coalification and erosion history of a coalfield. However, the limitations inherent in an analysis in which coal rank is represented by a single parameter must be recognised.There are indications that the methane content of a seam is not likely to exceed the methane sorption capacity of the coal determined at a temperature commensurate with that obtaining at the maximum burial depth.Research in the East Midlands coalfield suggests that structurally controlled migration of coalification gas was contemporaneous with folding. During the Permo-Carboniferous erosion period gas was lost from outcropping seams. Subsequently, the bulk permeability of the seams must have been reduced, perhaps as a result of cleat mineralisation, because no re-distribution of methane appears to have occurred in response to later (Tertiary) deformation and gas contents of seams at incrop below the base of the Permo-Triassic have remained zero.Data on the effects of faulting on seam gas contents are few but the expectation is that faults, of appropriate age and orientation, whilst inhibiting in-seam migration may, in some instances have aided cross-measures movement of gas. Elevated seam ethane and propane contents are frequently encountered in seams disturbed by oil-bearing faults.     

Shrinkage and swelling of coal induced by desorption and sorption of fluids: Theoretical model and interpretation of a field project

Geologic sequestration in deep unmineable coal seams and enhanced coalbed methane production is a promising choice, economically and environmentally, to reduce anthropogenic gases such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Unmineable coal seams are typically known to adsorb large amounts of carbon dioxide in comparison to the sizeable amounts of sorbed methane, which raises the potential for large scale sequestration projects. During the process of sequestration, carbon dioxide is injected into the coalbed and desorbed methane is produced. The coal matrix is believed to shrink when a gas is desorbed and swell when a gas is sorbed, sometimes causing profound changes in the cleat porosity and permeability of the coal seam. These changes may have significant impact on the reservoir performance. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the combined influence of swelling and shrinkage, and geomechanical properties including elastic modulus, cleat porosity, and permeability of the reservoir.The present paper deals with the influence of swelling and shrinkage on the reservoir performance, and the geomechanical response of the reservoir system during the process of geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide and enhanced coalbed methane production in an actual field project located in northern New Mexico. A three-dimensional swelling and shrinkage model was developed and implemented into an existing reservoir model to understand the influence of geomechanical parameters, as well as swelling and shrinkage properties, on the reservoir performance. Numerical results obtained from the modified simulator were compared to available measured values from that site and previous studies. Results show that swelling and shrinkage, and the combination of geomechanical and operational parameters, have a significant influence on the performance of the reservoir system.     

晋城地区煤层气井多层合采效果评价

煤层气井多煤层合采效果研究为煤炭安全、井下瓦斯治理、确定开发技术指标、单井配产、合理划分开发层系、煤层气高效开发以及制定中长期煤层气开发规划具有很好的参考价值。以晋城成庄矿区为例,将开发中后期排采效果检验井含气量等数据与邻近井原始含气量进行对比,分析3、9和15煤各煤层含气量在合层排采后的变化特征,以评价排采效果;并结合地质资料及现场排采动态进一步分析影响各煤层排采效果的主控因素。综合分析认为,成庄矿区经过多年地面煤层气多层合采,下部15号煤层比上部3号和9号煤层含气量降低更快。分析其原因认为成庄矿区15号煤层含气量降低较快的主要影响因素包括煤层渗透率、供液能力、储层压力及排采制度等。研究结果为剩余储量预测提供可靠的科学依据。      

Numerical simulations for coupled rock deformation and gas leak flow in parallel coal seams

Based on the new viewpoint of interaction mechanics for solid and gas, gas leakage in parallel deformable coal seams can be understood. That is, under the action of varied geophysical fields, the methane gas flow in a double deformable coal seam can be essentially considered to be compressible with time-dependent and mixed permeation and diffusion through a pore-cleat deformable, heterogeneous and anisotropic medium. From this new viewpoint, coupled mathematical models for coal seam deformation and gas leak flow in parallel coal seams were formulated and the numerical simulations for slow gas emission from the parallel coal seams are presented. It is found that coupled models might be close to reality. Meanwhile, a coupled model for solid deformation and gas leak flow can be applied to the problems of gas leak flow including mining engineering, gas drainage engineering and mining safety engineering in particular the prediction of the safe range using protective layer mining where coal and gas outbursts can efficiently be prevented. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

山西阳泉矿区煤层气分层排采分析

煤层气开发过程中,由于各煤层及其顶底板之间物性特征等方面的差异,易导致层间干扰,影响煤层气产能。阳泉矿区煤层气资源储量丰富,主要可采煤层有3#、8#、9#、15#煤层,其中3#煤层为局部可采煤层。以该区YQ-191和YQ-359井为例,通过分析8#、9#、15#煤层在渗透率、储层压力、煤层厚度、含气量、埋藏深度、水文地质条件的差异,发现,YQ-191井8#、9#的各项参数较为接近,层间干扰小,适宜合层开采;YQ-359井8#、15#煤层渗透率与储层压力相差较大,层间干扰严重,合层开采严重影响15#煤层的产能,该井8#、15#煤层不适宜合层开采。     

贵州金佳矿区煤储层孔隙结构及等温吸附特征

采用扫描电镜、压汞试验、等温吸附实验分析贵州金佳矿区8个主要煤层孔隙发育特征.煤储层发育较多的原生孔、气孔及张性裂隙,次生孔隙主要为粒间孔,矿物溶蚀孔、矿物铸模孔相对较少;压汞试验表明,3#煤层开放孔较多,压汞曲线为Ⅱ型,孔隙连通性较好;1#、7#煤层以微小孔为主,压汞曲线为Ⅰ型,孔隙连通性中等;其余煤层压汞曲线为Ⅲ型...     

晋城煤层气藏成藏机制

通过晋城煤层气的规模开发、压裂煤层气井的解剖、井下煤层瓦斯抽放、构造地应力场研究、煤储层大裂隙系统“CT”式解剖与煤层气封闭保存条件研究, 发现3#煤储层内部存在大量煤层气包, 构造微破裂作用促使煤层气包之间广泛合并联通, 煤层气包内部储层的非均质性弱化, 渗透率增加, 煤层气包内部的游离气体比例增加, 流体压力系统边界逐渐清晰并形成煤层气藏. 揭示煤层气藏的成藏机制, 认识煤层气藏的内部细节特征, 促进了该区的煤层气开发技术进步, 提高了井下煤层瓦斯的抽放效率.      

煤层气井合层开发层间干扰分析与合采方法探讨 ——以平顶山首山一矿为例

多煤层合层开发是提高煤层气井单井产量的关键技术,然而工程实践中大部分煤层合采存在层间干扰问题,致使合采产气量提升不明显。为了提高合层开发煤层气井的产气量与开发效率,以平顶山首山一矿煤层气合采四2煤层和二1煤层为例,基于煤层气赋存的地质条件,分析了合采层间干扰的影响因素及干扰规律,并提出了煤层合层开发层间干扰的控制方法。结果表明:造成四2煤层和二1煤层合层排采产量低的主要因素是储层压力梯度、临界解吸压力和渗透率。其中,两层煤的储层压力梯度分别为1.05 MPa/hm和0.519 MPa/hm;渗透率分别为0.25×10–3 μm2和1.4×10–5 μm2;临界解吸压力分别为1.16~1.69 MPa和0.40~0.46 MPa;另外,两煤层间距大,平均170 m左右。以上主要影响因素差异,造成两层煤合采时层间矛盾突出,干扰严重,总体产量低,井组煤层气开发效率低。基于现状问题,探索提出大间距多煤层大井眼双套管分层控制合采工艺方法,以实现两层煤分开控制达到合采产能叠加的目标,从而提高煤层气井合采产量和开发效果。研究认识将为平顶山及类似地质条件的矿区多煤层煤层气高效合层排采提供新的技术途径。      

鄂尔多斯盆地兴县地区煤层气地球化学特征及成因

煤层气化学组分、甲烷碳氢同位素特征对煤层气成因、分布规律和煤层气资源评价具有重要意义。为了查明河东煤田北部兴县地区山西组、太原组煤层甲烷及二氧化碳成因，采集研究区煤层气井解吸气样，通过组分分析、CH₄碳氢同位素和CO₂碳同位素测试，根据煤层气成因图版，分析了煤层气稳定同位素的地质影响因素，揭示了研究区煤层气成因。结果表明，区内主力煤层的甲烷碳同位素存在明显差异:8煤甲烷δ13C₁值介于-55.1‰~-44.2‰，平均为-49.2‰；13煤δ13C₁值介于-65.7‰~-55.7‰，平均为-59.8‰。同一煤层内甲烷碳同位素呈现出随煤层埋深增加而变重、随水动力条件增强变轻的特点；甲烷碳同位素偏轻，重烃组分偏少，表明受到一定因素或次生作用的影响。8煤以热成因气为主，13煤以次生生物成因气为主。研究区8煤δ13C （CO₂）介于-17.3‰~-4.8‰，13煤δ13C （CO₂）介于-26.3‰~-6.9‰，二氧化碳为煤热演化初期或最近一次煤层抬升再沉降后煤中有机质热裂解产生。研究成果为明确该区煤层气勘探开发方向提供了理论依据。      

延川南地区煤储层特征及煤层和井区优选评价

以延川南地区煤层气井的实验测试数据为基础,采用地质类比法对煤层的含气性及其他储层物性特征进行了对比分析,然后利用最大值标准化法和灰色关联系数法得出单煤层和井区的综合评价分数,并据此对井区进行了综合评价。结果表明,区内甲烷浓度高、含气量大、孔隙性能好、煤层厚度大,但含气饱和度和渗透率低,需要对储层做进一步的压裂改造;通过灰色关联分析,认为各因素的相关关联序为含气量〉含气饱和度〉渗透率〉储层压力〉煤厚〉埋深〉孔隙度〉甲烷浓度,2号煤的开发条件优于10号煤,各井区中以y-3、y-16及y-6井的综合评价值较高,是下一步井网布局和煤层气开发的首选井区。     

贵州织金煤层气非储层水平井开发技术研究

直井开发煤层气钻井和压裂成本高,控制面积小,单井产气量低;煤层内水平井钻进难度大,风险高,薄煤层中井眼轨迹控制难度大,钻井液有害固相对储层伤害严重,采收率低。基于此,分析贵州织金区块煤系地质构造,提出在煤系地层内稳定的非储层内布水平井,通过压裂造缝沟通水平井上下煤层同时开发多层煤层的新思路。与常规开发方式相比,非储层内水平井具有钻井风险小、储层伤害小、单井产量高的优点,同时还可以开发煤系致密气和页岩气,提高非常规天然气利用率。研究非储层内水平井开发贵州织金煤层气技术,为解决贵州煤系地层煤层多而薄、层间距小等特性煤层气开发难题以及综合利用煤系气提供新的方式。     

NUMERICAL MODELLING OF METHANE GAS MIGRATION IN DRY COAL SEAMS

This paper presents the development of a mathematical model for methane gas migration in coal seams. The major focus of this model is the coupling between the gas flow and deformation of solid coal. The effect of diffusion of adsorbed methane gas from the solid matrix to the voids has been taken into account. The adsorption of gas in the coal seam causes a two-phase state of gas flow. The governing equation for the two-phase gas flow is a non-linear partial differential equation with non-linear boundary conditions. A finite element model has been developed for simulation of the distribution of pressure and concentration of methane gas due to gas migration in coal seams.     

云南老厂矿区煤层气储层地质条件及其资源潜力

云南老厂矿区煤层气资源丰富,是近年来我国煤层气资源勘探开发的热点区域。针对煤层厚度、储层物性、含气量等储层基本参数特征进行分析,对区域煤层气资源潜力进行评价。结果表明:云南老厂矿区煤层厚度较大、层数较多,煤层顶底板以泥岩、粉砂岩为主,生储盖配置较好;目标煤层孔隙度相对较高,裂隙较为发育,可为煤层气的富集和产出提供良好的条件;主要煤层压力整体上属于常压储层,煤层解吸速率较高;同时煤储层大多处于欠饱和状态,开发过程中需要较长时间的排水降压;老厂矿区雨汪区块埋藏深度小于1 000 m的煤层气资源量为270.93亿m³,资源丰度为3.20亿m³/km²。总体而言,研究区煤层气勘探开发条件较好,具有较大的勘探开发的资源潜力。