黄陵背斜东南缘埃迪卡拉系碳稳定同位素组成特征及有机质发育关系讨论

通过在黄陵背斜东南缘部署实施的一口页岩气调查井(EYD5),获取了埃迪卡拉系碳同位素参数和相关有机碳数据,建立了该区埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组-灯影组蛤蟆井段碳同位素曲线,在陡山沱组识别出4次负漂移,2次正漂移区间,在灯影组蛤蟆井段识别出1次负漂移,1次正漂移区间,并可在区域范围内有效对比。探讨了该区陡山沱组四段至灯影组蛤蟆井段在区域上的对比标志,明确了该区陡山沱组碳同位素异常与有机碳含量无相关性,碳同位素的正、负漂移区间均可发育富有机质层段,持续的δ13C负值区间对应富有机质页岩层段发育。      

100Ma来海水的锶同位素组成演化及主要控制因素

讨论了100 Ma以来海水锶同位素比值的变化趋势及控制因素。100~40 Ma期间,海水锶同位素比值有多次升降,总体上变化幅度较小;40 Ma以来,海水锶同位素比值显著增加,并呈现出单调上升的总体特征。100 Ma以来海水锶同位素的变化主要可能与星外物体对地球的撞击作用;全球海平面变化及洋中脊扩张速度的改变;喜马拉雅—青藏高原的隆升;玄武岩喷发和冰川作用因素有关。在各种因素中,喜马拉雅—青藏高原的隆升对40 Ma以来海水锶同位素演化具有最重要的控制作用。喜马拉雅—青藏高原的隆升可能始于40 Ma左右,隆升速度最快的时期在20~15 Ma。     

钼催化作用下的煤成烷烃气碳同位素演化

为了阐释钼催化作用下的煤成气碳同位素演化特征和机理,采用在原煤中添加单质钼的方式,开展催化生气模拟试验,测定模拟系列气样的单体烷烃气碳同位素组成,并对其演化规律和模式进行探讨.结果表明:无论加钼与否,模拟气甲烷碳同位素组成(δ(13C1))均以镜质组反射率1.1%为界分为演化趋势截然相反的2个阶段,乙烷碳同位素组成(δ(13C2))不存在明显的演化阶段性,但加钼煤样δ(13C2)由在较低成熟度阶段重于原煤样变为在较高成熟度阶段轻于原煤样;加钼条件下,模拟烷烃气呈现出正碳同位素系列,δ(13C1)为(-25~-45)×10-3,δ(13C2)重于-29×10-3,表明钼催化成因气属于有机热成因气范畴.对比模拟烷烃气碳同位素组成与镜质组反射率之间的关系,发现模拟烷烃气碳同位素组成演化规律与前人模式有所不同.加钼煤样的不同单体烷烃气碳同位素组成随有机质成熟度变化速率的不同而不同,指示生气作用在钼催化作用下得到增强,这一效应在裂解气生成过程中更为显著;加钼煤样δ(13C2)在较高成熟度条件下轻于原煤样δ(13C2)的原因可能在于钼催化效应促进了煤中壳质组裂解生气.     

四川盆地南部寒武系碳酸盐岩成岩作用特征及对储层的影响

利用岩心、薄片资料,结合碳氧同位素地化数据,分析四川盆地南部寒武系碳酸盐岩成岩作用类型并探讨储渗空间的意义.结果表明:研究区成岩作用类型主要为海底胶结作用、白云石化作用、溶蚀作用、压实压溶作用、破裂作用和充填作用等.白云石化作用是优质储层形成的基础,溶蚀作用是关键.埋藏期白云石化形成晶间孔,表生期溶蚀发育膏模孔、晶间溶孔.热液溶蚀形成的热液溶蚀缝洞及热液破裂作用为储层提供有效储渗空间,多期次的白云石化及溶蚀作用为研究区储层形成的主控因素.     

桂东金矿氢、氧、碳同位素组成特征及矿床成因探讨

本文通过对桂东地区主要金矿的氢、氧、碳同位素组成特征研究所取得的成矿信息,探讨了金矿成矿溶液性质、来源及演化过程,指出产于不同地质体内的金矿,其成矿溶液性质、来源不完全一致。但总的特征是以岩浆水为主,混有少量变质水和大气降水的混合溶液,矿床成因应属多种热液复合叠加型的复成因类型金矿,并探讨了氢氧同位素在找矿上的应用。     

五大连池地质公园泉水中气体组成及同位素分析

位于五大连池世界地质公园内的桦林沸泉、南泉、北泉、南洗泉和翻花泉（池）都有明显气体逸出,为此,笔者分别采集了这些泉的逸出气体与水中溶解气体的样品,并增加采集了翻花泉（亭）、二龙眼泉水中溶解气体样品以相互对比。泉水气体组成用MAT-271气体质量分析机测定;CO2气体C、O同位素用MAT-251气体同位素质普议测定;惰性气体含量与同位素组成用MI 1201 IG惰性气体同位素质谱仪测定。     

山东莱芜黄羊山晚寒武世牙形石组合及寒武系与奥陶系界线的确定

通过实测莱芜黄羊山晚寒武世地层剖面,利用牙形石确定了寒武系与奥陶系的界线;对长山阶的碳氧同位素曲线特征进行了分析,并与我国华南及哈萨克斯坦等国的寒武系芙蓉统底部的碳同位素曲线进行对比,建立了莱芜地区上寒武统与华南以及国外上寒武统的对比关系。     

广西铜坑锡多金属矿黄铁矿的Re-Os同位素组成及成矿物质来源示踪

利用Re-Os同位素技术,对大厂铜坑锡多金属矿床中的黄铁矿进行了Re、Os同位素组成的测定,获得黄铁矿等时线年龄为(122±44) Ma.黄铁矿的N(187Os)/N(188Os)初始比值为0.56±0.12;γOs值为197.46～394.16,平均值为293.49,介于地幔与地壳之间,结合矿物中普通Os的w(Os)u对w(Re)/w(Os)比值,提出了其成矿物质来源可能为壳幔混合来源的新认识.     

松辽盆地大庆长垣南缘四方台组砂岩型铀矿碳氧同位素特征及铀成矿意义

为进一步探讨松辽盆地大庆长垣南缘四方台组砂岩型铀矿的成岩环境、铀沉淀机制及成矿机理,通过钻井岩心观察,岩石薄片,含铀砂岩碳酸盐胶结物碳、氧同位素分析,对研究区砂岩岩石类型、碳酸盐胶结物类型、成岩阶段以及碳、氧同位素特征进行了系统研究。结果表明:含铀砂岩岩石类型为长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩,碳酸盐胶结物可分为3个期次,以第一和第二期次为主,胶结物包括方解石、铁方解石,见极少量含铁白云石。δ13C_PDB值为-22.45‰~-13.65‰,平均值为-18.33‰,δ18O_PDB值为-17.56‰~-9.46‰,平均值为-13.52‰,揭示有一定有机质参与;古盐度Z值介于75.98~90.97之间,为淡水沉积;古温度介于67.31~94.92℃之间,结合以上岩石特征、胶结物类型及成岩作用判定成岩环境处于早成岩—中成岩阶段A期。综合分析认为:早成岩阶段砂岩的压实、胶结作用使含铀砂岩孔隙度减小,抑制含氧富铀流体运移;随着成岩作用进行,埋藏深度增加,有机质成熟度升高发生热脱羧基作用,与压实作用产生的吸附水形成酸性溶液对长石、碳酸盐胶结物等进行溶蚀形成次生孔隙,增大砂岩孔隙度,促进含氧富铀流体下渗运移,下伏油气由断裂向上逸散,为地层提供还原剂,使铀在四方台组底部大规模沉淀和富集。      

胶北地区古元古代基性-超基性岩锆石U-Pb定年Hf同位素组成及其构造岩浆演化意义

胶北地区位于古元古代胶-辽-吉构造岩浆岩带的南段,前人对该区的早前寒武纪地质事件进行了较多研究,然而,对古元古代基性—超基性岩研究较少。通过对该区基性—超基性岩岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年及Hf同位素分析,讨论了其成因、形成时代及其对构造岩浆演化意义。基性—超基性岩为偏铝质岩石,具有低硅贫钾的特征,无明显Eu异常,轻重稀土分馏不明显。获得岩浆锆石年龄~2.1 Ga,形成时代为古元古代,与区域上古元古代构造热事件一致。同时获得变辉长岩~2.4 Ga,~2.7 Ga的2组继承锆石年龄和1.8~1.9 Ga的变质年龄。一个变辉长岩样品的岩浆锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值和T_(DM2)分别为-11.1~-2.1和2 859~3 408 Ma(10个数据点),一个超基性岩样品的外来锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值和T_(DM2)分别为4.6~5.3和2 355~2 398 Ma(2个数据点)。研究表明,基性岩来自于地幔但受到陆壳物质的强烈影响,变质超基性主要为古元古代亏损地幔或其新生地壳组分,岩浆熔融程度较高。总体反映该地区由早期的挤压机制转为古元古代的伸展机制。     

北秦岭孤山坪地区辉长岩地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年龄及Lu-Hf同位素组成

北秦岭孤山坪地区辉长岩的研究程度较低,而辉长岩通常是下地壳或上地幔玄武质岩浆结晶的产物,可以在一定程度上反映特定地质时代壳幔演化格局。为了研究其成因和形成机制,对其锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学及锆石Hf同位素进行了研究。结果表明:辉长岩的侵位结晶年龄为（457.4±1.4）Ma,即形成于晚奥陶世;总体上富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Sr,相对亏损高场强元素Nb、P、Ti、Zr,指示其可能形成于活动陆缘弧环境;锆石ε_Hf（t）=6.4~9.1,一阶段模式年龄（t_DM1=822~708 Ma）和二阶段模式年龄（t_DM2=1 268~1 025 Ma）均大于锆石结晶年龄。综合研究认为,孤山坪地区辉长岩原始岩浆应来源于受俯冲流体交代作用改造的富集型地幔,可能形成于二郎坪群早期岛弧与秦岭地块之间的弧陆碰撞所导致的增生造山作用过程,代表了晚奥陶世二郎坪群由岛弧向弧后盆地转化的初始岩浆记录。本研究可以为北秦岭早古生代构造演化的厘定提供进一步的约束资料。      

河南熊耳山北部上观环形构造及其找矿意义

河南省西部的熊耳山地区是重要的金成矿集中区,区内环形-线性构造与成矿存在耦合关系。本研究中对最新高分SPOT-5图像和Aster的遥感地质解译发现,熊耳山北部上观周围区域存在多个环形构造,主要发育于太华群古老变质岩和熊耳群火山岩中,南部附近为中生代花山岩体。环形构造集中分布,大环套小环、线性和环形构造交切。影像蚀变信息提取研究发现,环形构造周围及其内部发育较好的铁染异常和羟基异常,具有良好的找矿前景。附近和周围已知的金矿床和金矿点零星分布,但其遥感图像与熊耳山其他类似环形构造发育地区相比,影像特征更为典型,且成矿条件似更为优越,有可能成为熊耳山地区又一个金银成矿集中区。     

黔北凤冈区块典型残余隐伏向斜特征及其页岩气选区选带意义

为揭示黔北地区富有机质页岩地层典型隐伏构造特征,以凤冈区块为例,根据二维地震勘探资料,结合野外露头及钻井资料,分析区块富有机质页岩地层构造特征。结果表明:区块整体为自西向东应力推覆作用下形成的复式向斜,背斜狭窄陡峭、向斜宽阔平缓,属于典型的隔挡式褶皱构造;富有机质页岩地层在背斜区剥蚀严重,在向斜区剥蚀程度小,是页岩气勘探开发有利区;绥阳向斜、凤冈向斜有利页岩气开发部位分别为向斜核部、东断块中部,残余隐伏向斜形态特征明显、地层产状平缓、远离通天断层,属于页岩气保存有利区。研究结果对指导凤冈区块页岩气勘探方案部署有理论意义。     

Nature, source and composition of volcanic ash in surficial sediments around the Zhongsha Islands

Volcanic detrital sediments are a unique indicator for reconstructing the petrogenetie evolution of submarine volcanic terrains. Volcanic ash in surficial sediments around the Zhongsha Islands includes three kinds of volcanogenic detritus, i.e., brown volcanic glass, colorless volcanic glass and volcanic scoria. The major element characteristics show that bimodal volcanic activity may have taken place in the northern margin of the South China Sea, with brown volcanic glass and colorless volcanic glass repre-senting the maric end-member and felsie end-member, respectively. Fractional crystallization is the main process for magma evolu-tion. The nature of the volcanic activity implies that the origin of volcanic activity was related to extensional tectonic settings, which is corresponding to an extensional geodynamie setting in the Xisha Trench, and supports the notion, which is based on geophysical data and petrology, that there may exist a mantle plume around the Hainan Island.     

豫北平原浅层地下水化学特征与成因机制

地下水的化学特征与成因机制对地下水演化、地下水资源的合理开采及质量评价具有重要意义。为查明豫北平原浅层地下水的水质特征及控制因素,采集了不同类型的浅层地下水和地表水样品,分别测试了水样阴、阳离子和氢氧同位素组成。结果表明:①地下水中总溶解性固体物质（total dissolved solids,简称TDS）质量浓度范围为316~6 948 mg/L,微咸和咸地下水呈条带状分布在沁河冲洪积平原中部,在三阳镇-修武县一带,水化学类型复杂,以HCO₃·SO₄-Na·Mg·Ca型和SO₄-Na·Mg型水为主。北部山前冲洪积扇和沁河北岸地下水为淡水,为HCO₃-Ca·Mg型水。②δ2H-δ18O关系说明地下水起源于大气降水,水化学组分受水岩相互作用控制,在补给区以碳酸盐岩溶滤作用为主,径流区发生硅酸盐岩的风化溶解以及阳离子交换作用,排泄区以蒸发浓缩、石膏溶解和阳离子交换作用为主。③地质和气候环境是造成地下水咸化的主要成因,且受到工农业污水渗漏的影响。研究成果可以为该区地下水资源的合理开采和有效管理提供依据。      

Characteristics of rock fragments in different forest stony soil and its relationship with macropore characteristics in mountain area,northern China

Rock fragments have major effect on soil macropores and water movement. However, the characteristics of rock fragments and their relationship with macropore characteristics remain elusive in forest stony soils in northern mountainous area of China. The objectives of this study are to (1) use Industrial Computed Tomography (CT) scanning to quantitatively analyze rock fragment characteristics in intact soil columns in different forest lands and (2) identify the relationship between characteristics of rock fragments and that of the macropores. Intact soil columns that were 100 mm in diameter and 300 mm long were randomly taken from six local forest stony soils in Wuzuolou Forest Station in Miyun, Beijing. Industrial CT was used to scan all soil column samples, and then the scanned images were utilized to obtain the three-dimensional (3D) images of rock fragments and macropore structures. Next, the parameters of the rock fragments and macropore structure were measured, including the volume, diameter, surface area, and number of rock fragments, as well as the volume, diameter, surface area, length, angle, tortuosity and number of macropores. The results showed that no significant difference was found in soil rock fragments content in the 10-30 cm layer between mixed forest and pure forest, but in the 0-10 cm soil layer, the rock fragments in mixed forest were significantly less than in pure forest. The number density of macropores has significant negative correlation with the number of rock fragments in the 0-10 cm soil layer, whereas this correlation is not significant in 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layers. The volume density of macropore was not correlated with the volume density of rock fragments, and there is no correlation between the density of macropore surface area and the density of rock fragment surface area. Industrial CT scanning combined with image processing technology can provide a better way to explore 3D distribution of rock fragments in soil. The content of rock fragments in soil is mainly determined by parent rocks. The surface soil (0-10 cm) of forest contains fewer rock fragments and more macropores, which may be caused by bioturbation, root systems, gravitational settling and faunal undermining.     

湘北桑植-石门一带早中生代褶皱叠加特征及变形机制

湘北桑植-石门一带下中生界连续发育一系列侏罗山式褶皱,褶皱叠加特征解析对探索桑植-石门复向斜褶皱变形期次及变形机制具有重要意义,同时对断裂控制褶皱变形的理论研究也具有启示意义。通过对桑植-石门一带地质构造剖面测制及褶皱叠加特征解析,识别出了印支期和早燕山期两期褶皱构造。研究区侏罗系与中三叠统之间的低角度不整合接触、白垩系与前白垩系之间的高角度不整合接触反映了印支运动和早燕山运动两期变形事件,可进一步推断桑植-石门一带褶皱可分为印支运动和早燕山运动两期。印支期褶皱轴迹主要呈北东东向-近东西向;早燕山期褶皱轴迹可分为2组:一组呈北东东向-近东西向;另一组呈北北东向。早燕山期2组褶皱与先期印支期褶皱叠加形成加强型和斜限型2种叠加类型,前者受控于印支期北东东向-近东西向逆断裂的继承性活动;后者受控于早燕山期北西西向区域挤压应力形成的北北东向逆断裂,且受限于先期北东东向-近东西向构造。此变形机制很好地解释了研究区褶皱轴面和逆冲断裂无向东或南东倾斜极性。      

APPROACH TO THE REGIONALIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL—PASTURALIZATION AROUND CHANGSHAN ISLANDS IN NORTHERN YELLOW SEA

Based on the data of resources,environment and foundation of production,applying principal compo-nents-clustering quantitative analysis,this article divides the maritime space of Changshan Islands into three regions of agricultural-pasturalization,providing a scientific basis for the rational distribution of marine cultivation.The three re-gions are as follows:1)The region of an agricultural-pasturalization in the northern part of maritime space.It includes Da Wangjia and Shicheng islans.The main production is cultivation of prawn and mollusks in sea beach,float raft culture of mussel in shallow sea and scallop ,and breeding of sea cucumber in submarine.2)The region of agricultur-al-pasturalization in the middle western part of maritime space.It includes Da Changshan and Guanglu islands and west-ern part of Xiao Chengshan Island.The man production is folat raft culture of mussel and scallop in shallow sea,and breed-ing of sea cucumber in submarine.3)The region of agricultural-pasturlization of the southeastem part of maritime space.It includes the eastern part of Xiao Chan Island,Haiyang and Zhangzi islands.The main production is breeding of abalone,sea cucumber,algaes and fish.     

塔里木盆地顺北地区中新生界断裂构造特征及演化

塔里木盆地顺北地区古生界油气资源非常丰富,此外在中新生界也发现了良好的油气显示,揭示出该区中新生界也具有较好的油气勘探潜力。因此,为了揭示对顺北地区中新生界油气成藏具有关键控制因素的断裂构造特征及其发育机制,通过对顺北地区最新三维地震资料的精细构造解释,系统分析了该区中新生界断裂构造的类型、几何学特征及其成因演化。研究表明：顺北地区中新生界断裂以张性正断层为主,发育少量逆断层和走滑断层,该区断裂发育数量众多但单条断裂规模较小、平面上呈杂乱展布且具有明显的分区分层的差异活动特征。与区域动力背景和盆地演化阶段相统一,顺北地区中新生界断裂演化经历了印支、燕山和喜山期3个阶段多期次伸展-挤压构造旋回,而且该区所处的构造位置、下伏中二叠统火成岩地层特征及下三叠统柯吐尔组砂泥岩塑性层等对中新生界断裂的形成演化具有重要控制作用。通过对顺北地区连通T₉⁰～T₅⁰界面通源断裂的精细刻画,揭示出在5号断裂带中部和7号断裂带中南部存在两大通源断裂发育区,上述两地区部分断裂由T₉⁰     

Age-related variations of needles and twigs in nutrient,nonstructural carbon and isotope composition along altitudinal gradients

The biochemical and physiological properties of alpine woody plants responding to elevation are associated with needles and twigs age.However, the interactions with elevation were not well studied. In this study, we investigated age-related(current, one-year and two-year old) functional traits of Abies faxoniana in needles and twigs with elevation(2500 m, 2750 m, 3000 m, 3250 m, and 3500 m a.s.l) at the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. The macro-elements(C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg),nonstructural carbons(soluble sugar, sucrose, and starch) and isotope composition(δ~(13)C) were measured in needles and twigs of adult A. faxoniana trees(breast height diameter about 30 cm). There were significant age, elevation and their interaction effects on these traits(except for δ~(13)C). Compared with twoyear-old needles and twigs, the current and one-yearold tissues possessed higher concentrations of P and K, lower Ca concentrations, as well as a lower δ~(13)C values and C: P and N: P ratios in needles. The current-year twigs generally had higher sucrose concentration and sucrose: starch ratio than the old ones. This study suggested that more nutrients were invested to young needles and twigs to cope with elevation for A. faxoniana than the old ones.