广西象州中坪马鞍山剖面上泥盆统弗拉斯阶/法门阶(F/F)界线的研究

笔者在广西象州中坪马鞍山剖面上泥盆统“融县组”中部,首次发现了地层连续、岩性均一、牙形石带齐全的弗拉斯阶/法门阶界线层。这一界线层完全符合国际泥盆纪地层分会(SDS 1983)作出的关于划分弗拉斯阶/法门阶界线条件的决议。并与被誉为盆地相最佳剖面的西德Schmidt剖面(SDS Newsl.1986,no.1,Doc.C)的牙形石序列基本一致。无论是从岩石的均一性或是牙形石生物的连续性上,马鞍山剖面完全可与西德Schmidt剖面媲美,它是目前国内研究弗拉斯阶/法门阶界线的理想剖面之一。本文除了对这一界线进     

Magnetostratigraphic Study of Meishan Permian-Triassic Section, Changxing, Zhejiang Province, China

INTRODUCTIONBecause many P/ T boundary sections around the worldare stratigraphically unconformed,som e possible exceptionsdeveloped in Greenland,Iran,Russia and South China are ofcourse of international importance.Especially successive sedi-ments from the L ate Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic widely ap-peared in South China,for example,the Meishan Section inChangxing County,Zhejiang Province,and som e analogies inGuangyuan,Wulong and Shangsi counties,Sichuan Province.Some geologists…     

浙江长兴煤山地区晚二叠世末、早三叠世初的火山活动

<正> 近年来,不少学者分别从生物地层(赵金科等,1981;盛金章等,1983;王义刚,1984;Sheng Jinzhang et al.,1984),事件地层(孙亦因等,1984;何锦文,1985),岩相、生物相(杨万容等,1981;芮琳等,1984),粘土矿物(何锦文,1981),元素地球化学特征(柴之芳等,1986),构造岩浆活动(周瑶琪,1986)以及碳同位素(陈锦石等,1984)等方面对浙江     

Change in the magnetic properties of bituminous coal intruded by an igneous dike, Dutch Creek Mine, Pitkin County, Colorado

Magnetization measurements have been made on natural coke–coal samples collected at various distances from a felsic porphyry dike in a coal seam in Dutch Creek Mine, Colorado to help characterize the nature and distribution of the iron-bearing phases. The magnetization passes through a maximum at the coke-to-coal transition about 31 cm from the dike contact. The magnetic measurements support the geochemical data indicating that magmatic fluids along with a high-temperature gas pulse moved into the coal bed. Interaction of the magmatic fluids with the coal diminished the reducing power of the thermal gas pulse from the dike to a point about 24 cm into the coal. The hot reducing gas penetrated further and produced a high temperature (400–525°C) zone (at about 31 cm) just ahead of the magmatic fluids. Metallic iron found in this zone is the principal cause of the observed high magnetization. Beyond this zone, the temperature was too low to alter the coal significantly.     

Palaeomagnetic Study on the Precambrian-Cambrian Boundary Candidate Stratotype Section at Meishucun, Yunnan

The Meishucun secton has been recommended as an international candidate stratotype secton of thePrecambrian-Cambrian boundary. The paper deals with the palaeomagnetic study on the section. A total of159 palaeomagnetic samples were successively collected from the platform-facies sequence of carbonates andphosphates at the section. Thermal demagnetization results indicate a great majority of the rocks at the sectionhave been strongly overprinted by recent magnetic field, but 57 samples have preserved remanentmagnetization with antipodal directions (mean D/I=4.2°/ 7.1°, K=9, α_(95) = 6.6°). Baaed on calculation,the location of the palaeomagnetic pole was at 68.8°N and 270.7°E, which is different from any palaeopolesobtained from younger Phanerozoic rocks in South China. The results reveal a polarity zonation which in-cludes at least 9 reversal events. A comparison of China's magnetostratigraphic records with those fromSiberia, Australia and the western U.S.A. shows that all the sections are characterized by frequent polarity re-versals.     

华南泥盆系层序地层与岩石-年代地层界线间相关性探讨

以广西六景、象州大乐、桂林塘家湾及贵州独山与贵阳东北郊乌当剖面为例,在已有的地层、古生物、沉积相研究的基础上,开展了层序地层学研究.通过这项研究,认为那高岭组与莲花山组的界线是一年代地层、岩石地层及层序地层合一的界面;论证了大乐剖面应堂组的古琶段与贵州独山剖面的龙洞水组属于下泥盆统的可行性;总结了吉维特阶与艾菲尔阶间多处存在沉积间断面或沉积停滞面的客观事实,确认该界面为一符合实际又易于识别的自然界面,可作为D_2~2 /D_2~1的界面;讨论了存在于不同沉积相中的D_3/D_2界面,认为该界面置于D_2~2上部层序之上的海进体系域顶面,与以牙形类为准确立的界线很接近,但其更利于野外实际工作;对贵阳东北郊乌当剖面乌当组的归属提出疑问,并将其定为吉维特阶早期.     

从陕西旬邑上新生界剖面看黄土高原新近系/第四系界线

新近系 /第四系界线在黄土高原大都以磁性 M/ Ga界线为界进行划分 ,它与岩性分界往往并不一致 ,后者都低或高于前者一小段距离。根据旬邑剖面的岩性、孢粉、古动物、磁化率、粒度及地化资料 ,并参考了其他一些剖面的岩性 ,认为以二者之间的过渡层底为界进行划分比较合理     

The orientation of paleomagnetic directions of deformed Carboniferous rocks from the Zaysan Depression (Eastern Kazakhstan)

We present new paleomagnetic data on Carboniferous volcano-sedimentary rocks from a section located in the northern part of Zaysan Depression (Narym Zone, Eastern Kazakhstan) which are transformed by shear deformation to different degrees. These data suggest that rocks which have experienced shear acquire magnetization whose orientation coincides with the deformation surface (e.g. cleavage etc.). Moreover, it is shown that in steeply inclined strata deformational processes resulted in the shallowing of inclination of the paleomagnetic vectors in stratigraphic coordinates so that finally the characteristic directions may be completely reoriented parallel to the bedding surface. No noticeable mechanical reorientation of mineral grains was observed in deformed rocks both with old paleomagnetic directions deflected away from the original position and with new paleomagnetic directions acquired due to deformation as well (brittle deformation).     

黑龙江嘉荫地区白垩纪-第三纪界线初步观察

本文报道了黑龙江嘉荫白山头地区一条新的地层剖面及其K／T界线的初步研究。新命名的“白山头段”代表乌云组下部的早古新世地层,含以Tiliaephyllum tsagajanicum等为代表的达宁早期植物化石。在白山头剖面上,作者发现可能为白垩纪末期的凝灰岩。结合与俄罗斯布列亚盆地含K／T界线的查加扬群标准剖面的对比,推测嘉荫地区的K／T界线可能位于白山头段底部与上述凝灰岩之上的一层炭质泥岩之间。     

塞浦路斯特罗多斯型洋壳最上部500米剖面(CY—1钻孔)中的不透明矿物、磁性及其蚀变作用的研究

引言近十年来为了鉴别大洋盆地中线性磁异常模式的起源,对洋壳磁化强度的研究显示了极大的兴趣。目前了解洋壳(尤其在深部)可以通过几种方法,如在推测为构造断崖的附近进行海底拖曳打捞、通过大洋基底钻探     

极浅水边界层的沉积环境效应

极浅水环境是水深远小于正常边界层厚度的环境,潮滩滩面和潮水沟就经常处于这种环境之中。来自江苏潮滩的观察资料表明,落潮后期滩面和潮水沟在薄层低速水流作用下可形成浅水波痕、平床和次级潮水沟形态,而边界层内的流速结构仍然得以维持,物质输运强度也与Von Kármán-Prandtl模型所定义的u100数值相一致。涨急时段中潮位附近形成的滩面涌潮是极浅水边界层的另一种动力学行为,它代表薄层高速水流作用下发生的底部边界层系统的崩溃,此时Von Kármán-Prandtl模型所刻画的流速结构不复存在。滩面涌潮高度是系统崩溃的临界水深,它可以定量地表示为Hb=4z0。极浅水边界层过程对潮滩沉积和地貌形成具有独特的作用。     

Paleomagnetism and magnetostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous and Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary intervals,southern Kulunda basin (West Siberia)

The study presents new paleomagnetic data on the Upper Cretaceous and Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary intervals of the southern Kulunda basin (Alei area), which were obtained from core samples collected from a 305-m-thick section penetrated in two wells. The paleomagnetic sections of each well were compiled and correlated based on the characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM). Paleomagnetic, geological, stratigraphic, and paleontological data were used to compile the Upper Cretaceous and Cretaceous-Paleogene magnetostratigraphic section of the southern Kulunda basin. The magnetostratigraphic section consists of five magnetozones, one normal polarity zone, and four reversed polarity zones spanning the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Paleogene. The lower part of the Gan’kino Horizon, showing normal polarity, forms a single normal polarity magnetozone N. The upper part of the Gan’kino Horizon comprises two reversed polarity magnetozones (R₁km and R₂mt). The Talitsa and Lyulinvor Formations of Lower Paleogene age correspond to two reversed polarity magnetozones (R₁zl and R₂i). The compiled Upper Cretaceous and Lower Paleogene magnetostratigraphic section was correlated with the geomagnetic polarity time scale. Two options were considered for correlating the lower normal polarity part of the section with geomagnetic polarity time scale of Gradstein.     

库车前陆盆地古－新近系铜矿化特征及铜的来源、富集分布初探

库车盆地铜成矿作用发生在新近纪,主要有砂岩型、泥岩型、灰岩型、含石英脉硫化物型铜矿化。矿化主要分布在盆地南部的秋里塔格构造带和北部的克拉苏构造带,基本位于背斜核部偏两翼部位,沿近东西向的断裂带呈带状分布,发育在盐丘附近。主要的地表铜矿物是氯铜矿,为干旱气候条件下含盐盆地的产物。盆地古近系蒸发岩电镜分析、石膏铜含量化学分析及新近系碎屑岩中铜含量变化分析结果表明：盐岩、膏岩,褐红色碎屑岩（粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、泥岩）为铜的矿源层,灰绿色粉砂岩、泥岩、灰白色（含砾）中粗砂岩为铜的含矿层。铜离子的运移载体为源自大气降水溶解蒸发岩所形成的卤水,卤水淋滤褐红色碎屑岩中的铜并下渗到地下,在以构造挤压为主及盐构造卸负作用产生流体上涌的驱动力下沿断裂向地表运移,随着卤水温度压力降低,在干旱气候条件下,在地表碎屑岩节理面、部分层理面上盐、膏、铜矿物析出,形成地表砂岩型、泥岩型、灰岩型铜矿化。如果含铜卤水经过被方解石交代的硬石膏带时,遇到由于TSR反应形成的还原硫、氧化－还原化学障,铜会发生富集,可能形成地下铜矿体。     

襄樊市郊土壤有机氯农药的地球化学变化

采用水平剖面、垂直剖面现场采样及室内测试方法,分析了襄樊市郊代表性经济作物基地HCH和DDT的土壤地球化学变化。结果表明,在垂直方向上,α-HCH/γ-HCH、DDE/DDD比值在土壤20 cm处有明显的分界线;随土壤深度增加,HCHs总量逐渐降低。在水平方向上,同点表层土壤(0~5 cm)的α-HCH/γ-HCH比值大于下层土壤(5~20 cm)的比值或者相差不大。     

重庆凉风垭飞仙关组风暴流沉积

本文根据重庆中梁山凉风垭下三叠统飞仙关组中风暴岩的特征,讨论了在风暴作用下的沉积环境中形成一系列独特的沉积物类型和沉积标志。一个完整的风暴流沉积序列,由底部、中部和顶部三个部分六个层段组成。并根据剖面上各单元风暴层各层段发育程度和滞留砾石特点不同,划分出原地型滞留砾石近积风暴岩、异地型滞留砾石近积风暴岩和迭加型近积风暴岩三种类型。     

Application of Spectral Decomposition to Detection of Fracture-Cavity Carbonate Reservoir Beds in the Tahe Oiifieid, Tarim Basin, NW China

Ordovician fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir beds are the major type of producing formations in the Tahe oilfield, Tarim Basin. The seismic responses of these beds clearly changes depending on the different distance of the fracture-cavity reservoir bed from the top of the section. The seismic reflection becomes weak or is absent when the fracture-cavity reservoir beds are less than 20 ms below the top Ordovician. The effect on top Ordovician reflection became weaker with deeper burial of fracture-cavity reservoir beds but the developed deep fracture-cavity reservoir beds caused stronger reflection in the interior of the Ordovician. This interior reflection can be divided into strong long-axis, irregular and bead string reflections, and was present 80 ms below the top Ordovician. Aimed at understanding reflection characteristics, the spectral decomposition technique, which uses frequency to ＂tune-in＂ bed thickness, was used to predict Ordovician fracture-cavity carbonate formations in the Tahe oilfield. Through finely adjusting the processing parameters of spectral decomposition, it was found that the slice at 30 Hz of the tuned data cube can best represent reservoir bed development. Two large N-S-trending strong reflection belts in the mid-western part of the study area along wells TK440- TK427-TK417B and in the eastern part along wells TK404-TK409 were observed distinctly on the 30 Hz slice and 4-D time-frequency data cube carving. A small N-S trending reflection belt in the southern part along wells T403-TK446B was also clearly identified. The predicted reservoir bed development area coincides with the fracture-cavities connection area confirmed by drilling pressure testing results. Deep karst cavities occur basically in three reservoir bed-development belts identified by the Ordovician interior strong reflection. Spectral decomposition proved to be a useful technique in identifying fracture-cavity reservoir beds.     

A record of the behavior of the geomagnetic field in the sediments of Lake Baikal (BDP-99 borehole)

The relative paleointensity of sedimentation is studied for sediments stripped by deep-water drilling in Lake Baikal (BDP-99 borehole). Two intervals are considered: 0–420 ka (Brunhes chron) and 1.05–1.09 Ma (before, during, and after the Matuyama–Jaramillo reversal). For these intervals, curves of the ideal magnetization of samples are plotted.The paleointensity data obtained along the borehole section reveal four excursions for the Baikal sediments whose identification on the inclination–depth curve is complicated.The lower part of the section (Matuyama–Jaramillo subzones) shows a paleointensity decrease by a factor of five or more relative to periods of invariable polarity.     

浙江省长兴县煤山剖面二叠系-三叠系界线层序的沉积微相特征及层序地层划分

通过对浙江煤山剖面二叠系-三叠系界线层序新鲜露头的仔细研究后发现,长兴组顶部岩层(层22—层24)主要由3种微相构成:生物碎屑粒泥灰岩、富有机质生屑泥粒灰岩和含生屑或生屑质高有机质泥状灰岩—粒泥灰岩,其间夹有少量硅质骨针灰岩薄层或条带。殷坑组底部泥岩段(层30—层37)也主要由三种基本微相组成:灰绿色白云质泥岩、黑色白云质泥岩和灰白色瘤状白云质灰岩,其间夹有5层灰绿色火山灰层。界线附近的层25—层29的岩性及生物变化较为独特和复杂,属于以上两者的过渡部分。根据沉积微相组合特征和生物面貌纵向上的变化特征,将界线层序归为斜坡上部、斜坡下部和盆地环境3个沉积相带,并组成一个跨越界线的三级层序,层序底界位于层22中部(层22-11底面)。     

吉林辉南杉松岗—样子哨地区寒武-奥陶系界线的新观察

<正> 吉林辉南—和龙一线以南,龙岗背斜的两翼广泛出露华北型寒武纪和奥陶纪地层。背斜南翼为浑江流域(大阳岔、三道堡子、青沟子、木锨头沟等地)以大阳岔小杨桥寒武-奥陶系界线剖面最为完整。为寰球寒武-奥陶系界线层型的候选剖面之一(Kuo Hung-chun ＆others 1982;陈均远等 1985;Chen Jun-yuan ＆ others 1985,1986;Duan ＆ others1986;汪啸风、Erdtmann 1986;钱义元1987;赵祥麟等1988);北翼为三统河流域,陈     

二叠系长兴阶全球界线层型剖面和点位

二叠系乐平统长兴阶底界全球界线层型和点位(GSSP)确立在我国浙江长兴煤山D剖面长兴灰岩的下部、4a-2层之底,以牙形石演化序列Clarkina longicuspidata-C.wangi中C.wangi的首现为标志。该点位位于长兴组底界之上88cm处,与长兴期特征的■类化石Palaeofusulina sinensis和大巴山菊石类的首次出现层位一致。界线层的碳同位素存在明显的负漂移,正磁极性带出现在吴家坪晚期的反极性带之上。在煤山D剖面以西300m处的C剖面出露较多的龙潭组地层,清晰地反映出龙潭组—长兴组连续的沉积序列,被列为辅助层型剖面。