水下滑翔器浮力驱动机构布局分析

水下滑翔器是一种新型海洋测量平台,它采用浮力驱动方式,并依靠调整重心实现姿态控制.文中从研究水下滑翔器纵垂面内滑翔运动的平衡状态入手,通过对将浮力驱动机构布置在滑翔器的艏部和艉部时的平衡状态受力进行对比分析,指出将浮力驱动机构布置在艏部可以有效缩短重心调节重物的移动距离.并分析了两种布局方式的优缺点,为水下滑翔器的结构设计和控制系统设计提供了参考.     

深海水下滑翔器浮力驱动系统设计

以微型轴向柱塞泵为核心的高压浮力驱动系统是1 000 m以深水下滑翔器和剖面浮标优先采用的重要动力单元。文中首先介绍了当前国际上水下滑翔器和剖面浮标两型剖面运动平台的浮力驱动系统的种类及应用,然后以1 000 m以深水下滑翔器为例,系统地阐述了其高压浮力驱动系统的工作原理和设计方法,以及绝对排油量测量、吸油口气锁防止和柱塞偶件精密配合等核心问题。设计制作出精密、高效而且可靠的高压浮力驱动系统,可以为我国剖面观测平台的进一步发展起到推进作用。     

数据驱动的水下潜航器在线建模及运动控制技术

面向未来高机动水下潜航器对精确运动控制的需求,考虑到现有控制方法所面临的动态跟踪能力差、耦合系统控制精度低等不足,研究基于模型的控制方法。水下潜航器水动力非线性强、建模困难,研究了数据驱动的水下潜航器运动建模方法,可实现对潜航器未来运动的长时精确预报。面向微小型水下潜航器难以安装声学测速及推进器转速测量装置,研究了无声学传感信息下线速度多步预报技术,仅需惯导数据及推进器、舵角控制信号,实现对不同航次线速度长时精确预报。基于该建模方法,研究了水下潜航器 MPC 及基于模型的强化学习运动控制技术,基于仿真平台及无人机实物平台验证了控制方法的有效性。     

基于MATLAB的自主水下航行器经典控制算法仿真分析

针对自主水下航行器在水下航行中的姿态控制问题,采用经典控制律的数学模型,依据总体参数和流体动力参数,代入到下航行器纵向运动微分方程组中,通过MATLAB自编程序运用龙格库塔法求解此微分方程组,并将经典控制方程(算法)引入到微分方程组的求解当中,其仿真分析结果验证和支持了自主水下航行器的湖上试验,为某自主水下航行器项目实...     

Stability Analysis on Speed Control System of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

The stability of the motion control system is one of the decisive factors of the control quality for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV).The divergence of control,which the unstable system may be brought about,is fatal to the operation of AUV.The stability analysis of the PD and S-surface speed controllers based on the Lyapunov' s direct method is proposed in this paper.After decoupling the six degree-of-freedom (DOF) motions of the AUV,the axial dynamic behavior is discussed and the condition is deduced,in which the parameters selection within stability domain can guarantee the system asymptotically stable.The experimental results in a tank and on the sea have successfully verified the algorithm reliability,which can be served as a good reference for analyzing other AUV nonlinear control systems.     

自主水下航行器的软变结构控制

研究自主水下航行器系统的软变结构控制策略问题。首先分析软变结构控制系统的结构特征,利用双曲正切函数,给出控制受限情形的软变结构控制策略。其次利用Lyapunov稳定性理论,讨论自主水下航行器软变结构控制系统的稳定性,然后构造了基于双曲正切函数的软变结构控制器,给出自主水下航行器软变结构控制的具体算法。基于双曲正切函数的自主水下航行器软变结构控制系统调节精度高,响应速度快,有效地削弱了系统抖振。最后通过一个仿真实验,比较了自主水下航行器垂直深度通道的4种控制策略对系统性能的影响,从而验证了研究方法的有效性。     

面向海洋观测的长续航力移动自主观测平台发展现状与展望

南海拥有丰富的渔业资源,其中南海中南部大洋性、上升流区域更是具有很大的开发潜力和商业价值.西沙群岛位于南海中部,是我国海南省三沙市的重要组成部分之一.西沙群岛及其附近海域气候条件优越,拥有丰富的海洋渔业、海洋植被和油气矿藏等海洋资源,其中又以渔业资源的开发潜力最大.在南海问题近年来显著升温的背景下,通过推动加大南海特别是西沙海域的渔业资源开发力度,妥善处理南海争议、更好地维护我国南海主权权益,具有重要的现实意义和深远影响.     

一种小型水下自航行器推进系统设计与分析

从系统角度考虑,整体优化,设计了水下自航行器推进系统.通过外形优化减小轴向阻力,根据阻力和综合分析设计螺旋桨,并由敞水池试验验证螺旋桨的性能,在此基础上完成了推进控制系统的分析与优化设计.试验结果证明系统设计方法正确,推进系统性能良好.     

水下自主机器人水动力预报方法研究

针对水下机器人操纵性优化设计中水动力系数预报问题,在水下机器人水动力预报中引入艇体肥瘦指数概念,确定了水下机器人艇体几何描述的五参数模型。提出采用小波神经网络方法预报水下机器人水动力,确定了神经网络的结构,利用均匀试验设计方法,设计了神经网络的学习样本。研究结果表明,只要确定适当的输入参数,选择适当的学习样本和网络结构,利用小波神经网络方法对水下机器人水动力进行预报可以达到较好的精度。     

小型水下自航行平台控制体系开发

以小型、经济、易扩展为目标,采用模块化设计思想,开发了一种基于CAN总线的递阶一分布式水下自航行平台控制系统,并重点考虑了安全可靠性,对各节点负载进行了优化分配。实际应用表明,该控制系统结构简单、性能可靠、传输率高,能够满足平台工作环境复杂多变的要求。     

Parallel Neural Network-Based Motion Controller for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

A parallel neural network-based controller （PNNC） is presented for the motion control of underwater vehicles in this paper. It consists of a real-time part, a self-learning part and a desired-state programmer, and it is different from normal adaptive neural network controller in structure. Owing to the introduction of the self-learning part, on-line learning can be performed without sample data in several sample periods, resulting in high learning speed of the controller and good control performance. The desired-state programmer is utilized to obtain better learning samples of the neural network to keep the stability of the controller. The developed controller is applied to the 4-degree of freedom control of the AUV “IUV- IV” and is successful on the simulation platform. The control performance is also compared with that of neural network controller with different structures such as normal adaptive neural network and different learning methods. Current effects and surge velocity control are also included to demonstrate the controller＇ s performance. It is shown that the PNNC has a great possibility to solve the problems in the control system design of underwater vehicles.     

Motion Analysis and Trials of the Deep Sea Hybrid Underwater Glider Petrel-II

A hybrid underwater glider Petrel-II has been developed and field tested. It is equipped with an active buoyancy unit and a compact propeller unit. Its working modes have been expanded to buoyancy driven gliding and propeller driven level-flight, which can make the glider work in strong currents, as well as many other complicated ocean environments. Its maximal gliding speed reaches 1 knot and the propelling speed is up to 3 knots. In this paper, a 3D dynamic model of Petrel-II is derived using linear momentum and angular momentum equations. According to the dynamic model, the spiral motion in the underwater space is simulated for the gliding mode. Similarly the cycle motion on water surface and the depth-keeping motion underwater are simulated for the level-flight mode. These simulations are important to the performance analysis and parameter optimization for the Petrel-II underwater glider. The simulation results show a good agreement with field trials.     

Development of A Three-Dimensional Guidance System for Long-Range Maneuvering of A Miniature Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

The present paper introduces a three-dimensional guidance system developed for a miniature Autonomous Underwater Vehicle（AUV）. The guidance system determines the best trajectory for the vehicle based on target behavior and vehicle capabilities. The dynamic model of this novel AUV is derived based on its special characteristics such as the horizontal posture and the independent diving mechanism. To design the guidance strategy, the main idea is to select the desired depth, presumed proportional to the horizontal distance of the AUV and the target. By connecting the two with a straight line, this strategy helps the AUV move in a trajectory sufficiently close to this line. The adjacency of the trajectory to the line leads to reasonably short travelling distances and avoids unsafe areas. Autopilots are designed using sliding mode controller. Two different engagement geometries are considered to evaluate the strategy＇s performance： stationary target and moving target. The simulation results show that the strategy can provide sufficiently fast and smooth trajectories in both target situations.     

小型水下自航行器自沉浮装置设计与研究

文中对水下自航行器(Autonomous Underwater Vehicle,简称AUV)的自沉浮装置进行了详细设计与研究。通过对已有的自沉浮装置方案进行对比研究,设计了以高压气体吹除压载水舱的新型自沉浮装置,该装置具有结构简单、可靠性高和可维护性好的特点,并可实现模块化设计。最后,对装置的主要设计参数进行了计算与优化。