改进型中心管模型能量转换性能试验及样机设计

为了提高中心管振荡水柱波浪能利用技术能量转换效率,基于新的认识和目前常用的2.4米导航灯标,对中心管尾部设计了三种模型并在造波水槽中进行能量转换性能试验。试验结果表明:直管型中心管俘获宽度比最高达到了70.25%,但通频带宽度窄;加长喇叭口型中心管略好于喇叭口型中心管;在喷咀比为0.02条件下,加长喇叭口型中心管浮体有较高双峰俘获宽度比,波峰为40.0%,波谷为31.6%,通频带宽,为随机波下高效转换创造了条件。最高俘获宽度比和双峰通频带特性实验数据结果都优于历史文献值。根据试验数据对一些适合小型海洋仪器供电的样机进行了设计,设计的样机具有较高的性价比。     

波浪能利用的发展与前景

文章首先介绍了波浪能的定义、成因和我国波浪能资源的分布情况。在此基础上,指出波浪能的主要利用方式是发电,并分析了国内外利用波浪能发电的发展进程。从波浪能的发电原理、转换装置及技术上的突破等方面,论述了波浪能发电的研究开发情况。最后,指出波浪能利用中存在的一些问题并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

波浪能利用的发展与前景

文章首先介绍了波浪能的定义、成因和我国波浪能资源的分布情况。在此基础上,指出波浪能的主要利用方式是发电,并分析了国内外利用波浪能发电的发展进程。从波浪能的发电原理、转换装置及技术上的突破等方面,论述了波浪能发电的研究开发情况。最后,指出波浪能利用中存在的一些问题并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

波浪能利用发展历史与关键技术

波浪能作为一种新型清洁能源,近年来得到各国的重视。文章从波浪能利用的发展历史、波浪能资源的评估手段、波浪能转换装置的种类及代表性装置等几个角度,对国内外研究现状进行了阐述;总结了波浪能发电技术中关于流体动力特性非线性计算、装置稳能技术、阵列发电场设计、与其它新能源结合应用等研究方向及技术难点;最后对波浪能利用技术的未来进行展望。     

波浪能发电技术的研究现状与发展前景

海洋波浪能由于具有可再生、绿色环保和储量丰富的特点,已经引起越来越多国家的重视。文中介绍了波浪能的定义、成因和特点,对波浪能发电装置进行分类总结,阐述各类装置工作原理及特点。基于上述总结,分析了波浪发电装置需要解决的问题,对世界波浪能发电装置发展进行展望。     

底铰摇板式波浪能装置水动力性能解析研究

对底铰摇板式波浪能装置的水动力性能进行了解析研究,基于受约束浮体线性化运动方程,获得小幅线性波作用下装置动力响应和转换性能的解析解;采用解析解计算分析了水深、厚度、密度和PTO阻尼值四个参数选取对装置转换性能的影响.研究结果表明,底铰摇板式波浪能装置具有较宽的频率响应范围;在低频区,水深较大时装置俘获效率较高,而在高频区,水深较小时装置俘获效率较高;系统性能受摇板厚度的影响非常小;密度较小的摇板在高频区性能较好,而密度较大的摇板在低频区性能较好;设置恒定PTO阻尼的情况下,装置性能受FTO阻尼值影响显著,当FTO阻尼取低频辐射阻尼时,装置的俘获效率与满足阻尼匹配条件的情况基本相同;当采用的PTO阻尼与低频辐射阻尼值差别较大时,系统的俘获效率显著降低.     

波浪能采集装置技术研究综述

波浪能采集是波浪能发电利用技术的研究核心。文章评述了几种典型波浪能采集装置的技术原理及其优缺点,并介绍了当前关于提高波浪能采集系统效率的若干研究。     

沉箱基础对摇板式波浪能装置水动力性能影响研究

摇板式波浪能转换装置具有频率响应范围广、可靠性好、常规海况下转换效率高、建造成本低等优点。基于势流理论建立具有沉箱基础的摇板式波浪能装置水动力性能的解析解。将解析结果与文献中已有结果和边界元数值结果进行了对比,验证了解析解求解过程的正确性。通过算例分析,研究了波浪入射频率、沉箱基础高度、沉箱基础宽度、摇板位置、摇板厚度和摇板密度对装置能量俘获效率的影响。研究结果表明：采用合适高度的沉箱基础能显著提升装置性能;长波海况下,摇板铰接在沉箱基础背浪侧上表面时装置性能更佳,而短波海况下,摇板铰接在沉箱基础迎浪侧上表面更为合理;沉箱基础宽度的推荐值为0.5到1.0倍水深;适当减小摇板厚度能够提升装置性能;应优先选用密度较大的摇板。     

后弯管波力发电浮标模型性能试验研究

为改进后弯管波力发电浮标的性能，对多种模型进行了新一轮试验研究。测定了它们的气室平均输出气流功率随波周期的变化曲线ＮＡ－Ｔ；试验了不同质量对性能的影响；测出了不同喷咀比ε的波高比Ｈｉ／Ｈｏ、压力比ΔＰｉ／Ｈｏ和波能转换效率ηＡ。确定了最佳浮体——前方后园浮室后伸型后弯管浮体的尺寸、质量和性能参数。     

并联式后弯管波力发电浮体模型性能试验研究

对并联式后弯管波力发电浮体模型的波能转换性能和锚泊力进行了试验研究。结果表明并联式后弯管浮体模型的最佳响应周期基本不变，各单元浮体性能略有差异，位于中间的单元浮体性能略低于两侧的浮体，波能转换性能随浮体数量增加而下降，多点系泊使并联式后弯管装置效率提高。并联式后弯管波力发电装置采用标准化单元设计，灵活组成不同装机容量的装置，将大大降低锚泊系统、海底电缆系统的费用。     

Experimental Study on Conversion Efficiency of A Floating OWC Pentagonal Backward Bent Duct Buoy Wave Energy Converter

Wave tank tests were carried out to evaluate the total efficiency of a floating OWC Pentagonal Backward Bent Duct Buoy (PBBDB). Two kinds of turbine generators were used in tests. The incident wave power, pneumatic power and electricity were measured. The test results show that the primary efficiency can reach up to 185.98% in regular waves and 85.86% in irregular waves. The total efficiency from wave to wire with Wells turbine-generator set is 33.43% in regular waves and 15.82% in irregular waves. The peak total efficiency of the PBBDB with check valves equipped with the impulse turbine-generator set is 41.68% in regular waves and 27.10% in irregular waves. The efficiency of the turbine-generator set is about 30% in the tests. Obviously, the total efficiency can be further improved with the increasing of turbine efficiency.     

后弯管式波力发电装置气室结构的试验研究

后弯管式波力发电装置作为一种漂浮式振荡水柱式装置,具有可靠性强、安装维护方便、工作地点灵活的特点。本文在前人研究基础上,以10kW级后弯管式漂浮型发电装置为研究对象,以装置的水动力学性能为主要研究内容,以气室内相对波高作为主要表征参数,通过断面水槽水工物理模型试验,考察了气室内水柱振荡幅度与入射波波高和入射波周期之间的关系,分析了气室完全开敞、输气管添加负载以及弯管横管长度对气室内水柱振荡的影响,为进一步的大功率装置设计与试验提供了理论依据。     

波浪能振荡浮子转换方式实验装置的研究与设计

针对阵列式振荡浮子波浪能转换设备,提出一种在实验室进行测试研究的实验装置。该实验装置由一组阵列柱形水槽组成,水槽液面在水动力系统的驱动下,按照计算机设定的函数做升降运动;对该装置模型——柱形阵列水槽的假设,依据波浪理论进行了论证;对装置的工作原理、结构设计、技术参数、控制电路和操作运行等做了较详细的说明;对实验装置实际运行和测试情况做了介绍。结果表明:该实验装置设计合理可行,模拟波浪高度,远高于现有的造波水池,构成了一种专用的模拟造波装置;该装置为不同形式振荡浮子式波浪能转换设备的研制提供了一种多功能、大振幅、高效灵活的实验平台。     

Effect of reciprocating and unidirectional airflow on primary conversion of a pentagonal Backward Bent Duct Buoy

An Oscillating Water Column (OWC) device can output energy through reciprocating or unidirectional airflow. The unidirectional airflow is helpful to utilize a simple and high-efficiency unidirectional air turbine. The pentagonal BBDB proposed by us based on OWC principle can be regarded as a floating Oscillating Body and its Power Take-Off (PTO) consists of a chamber, a water column, a turbine and a generator. The Capture Width Ratio (CWR) of the pentagonal BBDB model with the reciprocating and unidirectional airflow was studied in this paper. The wave flume test results indicate the mean CWR of the pentagonal BBDB model with reciprocating airflow can reach up to 121.91% and the mean CWR of the model with unidirectional airflow could reach 100.94% during the whole wave cycle in regular waves. For irregular waves, the mean CWR of the model with the unidirectional airflow is as high as 62.83% during the whole wave cycle. Hopefully, the combination of the pentagonal BBDB with the check valve to output power during the air exhalation and conventional high-efficiency unidirectional turbine will improve the total efficiency of the BBDB.     

基于GNSS浮标的波浪反演技术研究

波浪观测在海洋环境预报、海洋工程建设、海洋资源调查、航海安全等领域具有重要作用。基于全球导航卫星系统（Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS）浮标进行波浪观测的方法具有全天候、实时、准确度高、价格低等诸多优点,同时还可以在浮标上集成其他海洋环境测量仪器,因此越来越受到世界各国研究者的重视。本文提出一种基于GNSS浮标的波浪参数反演方法,并成功应用于浙江温州海域,在海试过程中,同公认的波浪骑士浮标对比,平均波高相关系数达到0.95,标准差为4.06 cm,平均波周期相关系数为0.92,标准差为0.24 s,完全符合国家标准。本文所用浮标系统还可以搭载多种海洋环境要素观测传感器,可将数据实时传输至接收终端,具有较高的应用价值。     

Wave Energy Estimation by Using A Statistical Analysis and Wave Buoy Data near the Southern Caspian Sea

Statistical analysis was done on simultaneous wave and wind using data recorded by discus-shape wave buoy. The area is located in the southern Caspian Sea near the Anzali Port. Recorded wave data were obtained through directional spectrum wave analysis. Recorded wind direction and wind speed were obtained through the related time series as well. For 12-month measurements(May 25 2007-2008), statistical calculations were done to specify the value of nonlinear auto-correlation of wave and wind using the probability distribution function of wave characteristics and statistical analysis in various time periods. The paper also presents and analyzes the amount of wave energy for the area mentioned on the basis of available database. Analyses showed a suitable comparison between the amounts of wave energy in different seasons. As a result, the best period for the largest amount of wave energy was known. Results showed that in the research period, the mean wave and wind auto correlation were about three hours. Among the probability distribution functions, i.e Weibull, Normal, Lognormal and Rayleigh, Weibull had the best consistency with experimental distribution function shown in different diagrams for each season. Results also showed that the mean wave energy in the research period was about 49.88 k W/m and the maximum density of wave energy was found in February and March, 2010.     

Investigation on the Oscillating Buoy Wave Power Device

An oscillating buoy wave power device (OD) is a device extracting wave power by an oscillating buoy. Being excited by waves, the buoy heaves up and down to convert wave energy into electricity by means of a mechanical or hydraulic device. Compared with an Oscillating Water Column (OWC) wave power device, the OD has the same capture vvidth ratio as the OWC does, but much higher secondary conversion efficiency. Moreover, the chamber of the OWC, which is the most expensive and difficult part to be built, is not necessary for the OD, so it is easier to construct an OD. In this paper, a nu-merical calculation is conducted for an optimal design of the OD firstly, then a model of the device is built and, a model test is carried out in a wave tank. The results show that the total efficiency of the OD is much higher than that of the OWC and that the OD is a promising wave power device.     

基于有限傅立叶级数法的浮标测波算法研究

针对精确测量波浪参数的问题,研究了波浪浮标测波算法.该算法对浮标采集的波浪运动速度谱进行带通滤波,进而对波浪速度谱和方向波谱进行处理和分析,最终通过有限傅立叶级数法计算波浪的有效波高、跨零周期和谱峰波向.通过模拟仿真和湖上对比测试,验证了算法的有效性和准确性,测量相对误差维持在2％～10％范围内.该算法可应用于装载GP...     

Dynamic Properties and Energy Conversion Efficiency of A Floating Multi-Body Wave Energy Converter

The present study proposed a floating multi-body wave energy converter composed of a floating central platform, multiple oscillating bodies and multiple actuating arms. The relative motions between the oscillating bodies and the floating central platform capture multi-point wave energy simultaneously. The converter was simplified as a forced vibration system with three degrees of freedom, namely two heave motions and one rotational motion. The expressions of the amplitude-frequency response and the wave energy capture width were deduced from the motion equations of the converter. Based on the built mathematical model, the effects of the PTO damping coefficient, the PTO elastic coefficient, the connection length between the oscillating body and central platform, and the total number of oscillating bodies on the performance of the wave energy converter were investigated. Numerical results indicate that the dynamical properties and the energy conversion efficiency are related not only to the incident wave circle frequency but also to the converter's physical parameters and interior PTO coefficients. By adjusting the connection length, higher wave energy absorption efficiencies can be obtained. More oscillating bodies installed result in more stable floating central platform and higher wave energy conversion efficiency.     

基于波浪能的浮式装备随体供电技术研究

随着我国海洋开发向深远海方向发展,各类海洋装备长时间工作于深远海域,能源供给极不方便,迫切需要一种便捷的能源供给方式。针对上述需求,提出了一种可内置于海洋浮式装备的波浪能转换装置,以海洋浮式装备为载体,依靠载体在波浪作用下的垂荡运动获取波浪能,由于惯性波浪能转换装置的振子在弹簧的作用下产生振动,驱动动力输出(PTO)系统做功,将波浪能转换为电能。基于流体力学基本原理, 建立了浮体与波浪能装置的耦合运动学模型和能量转换数学模型,分析不同参数对 RAO 和 CWR 的影响。通过优化分析,本文所提出的基于惯性原理的双共振波浪能转换装置能量转换效率最高可达 45%以上,可有效地应用于海洋浮式装备,具有可观的应用前景。