静基座捷联惯导解析法对准研究

初始对准是捷联惯导系统的关键技术之一,对准精度直接影响到导航系统的导航解算精度,静基座捷联惯导卡尔曼滤波法对准的精度和收敛时间受模型参数以及初始条件的影响,对于低精度的捷联惯导,这种影响更大,滤波结果往往不能收敛,甚至发散。采用解析法对准是解决上述问题的有效途径,针对静基座解析法对准做了系统研究,推导了惯性器件误差的解析表达式,分析了对准时间与仪器误差估计精度的关系。实测试验结果表明,给予适当的对准时间,解析法对准亦可接近极限精度;同时,在解析法初始对准中,等效天向加速度计零偏可得到有效估计;等效天向、北向陀螺漂移虽可估计,但随机游走对估计结果的影响不可忽视。     

基于地籍测量的惯性系统初始对准方法研究

地籍测量过程中具有静态、可调平和转位的特点,在静基座条件下,捷联惯性测量系统(SIMS)粗对准的失准角与卡尔曼滤波精对准的失准角相当,但是解析粗对准的方位角误差较大。本文在建立SIMS静基座粗对准误差方程的基础上,对影响解析粗对准精度的误差因素进行分析,提出利用光纤陀螺寻北仪进行四位置转位寻北的方法来估算方位角的精度,以提高方位角的估计精度。仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效地提高对准精度,适合于静基座外界干扰小的捷联式惯性测量系统上,在一定程度上可以直接作为对准的结果用于地籍测量定位解算。     

简化自协方差最小二乘噪声估计的SINS静基座初始对准

研究了观测噪声统计特性未知的情况下,简化的自协方差最小二乘噪声估计方法在捷联惯性导航系统静基座初始对准中的应用。该算法采用迭代计算的策略,同时进行噪声估计和初始姿态修正,估计精度较高。通过数值方法对此算法的正确性和有效性进行了验证。     

GPS辅助激光陀螺捷联惯导系统动基座对准实验研究

对GPS辅助下的激光陀螺捷联惯导系统的动基座初始对准进行了实验研究。首先给出了车载SINS／GPS组合导航系统误差模型,然后利用Kalman滤波器对SINS和GPS的车载动基座实际测量数据进行了离线的半实物仿真。仿真结果表明,动基座对准能够在10分钟以内快速实现,但是达到的对准精度与静基座对准相比稍差。     

简化5级-CKF在SINS大失准角初始对准中的应用

针对大失准角情况下,利用3级-CKF进行SINS初始对准性能不高的问题,提出5级-CKF算法。在系统模型噪声和量测噪声均为加性噪声且量测方程为线性方程时,推导了简化5级-CKF算法,步骤需要在Kalman滤波的基础上利用5级容积采样点对非线性状态方程的状态及其方差进行预测。采用SINS静基座初始对准仿真实验验证算法的有效性,结果表明:简化5级-CKF对任意失准角都是有效的,失准角较小时,3级-CKF和简化5级-CKF的对准精度和收敛速度性能相近,但简化5级-CKF的数值稳定性更高;失准角较大时,简化5级-CKF较3级-CKF具有更高的收敛速度和对准精度。     

基于惯性系原理的动基座粗对准及其性能影响因素分析

捷联惯导系统(strapdown inertial navigation system,SINS)在进行导航解算前需要粗对准提供初始姿态角,载体受多种因素影响和制约,在微幅晃动或运动状态下,需要进行动基座粗对准.从惯性系对准原理出发,讨论了基于比力和速度矢量的两种动基座粗对准解算方案,分析了位置误差、速度误差、杆臂误差...     

地固系下四元数和卡尔曼滤波方法的惯导初始精对准研究

从地心地固系中卡尔曼滤波方程的推导入手,设计了一个12状态滤波器,对失准角进行估计,在地心地固坐标系中完成了惯导的初始精对准。模拟计算证明了此算法的正确性与有效性,并讨论了对准的精度。     

一种GPS辅助的低精度捷联惯导动态对准方法

针对低精度SINS的陀螺不能辨识地球自转角速度,难以完成自对准的问题,该文引入GPS的位置观测信息利用5级-CKF简化算法辅助低精度SINS完成初始对准;因为低精度SINS粗对准给出的初始姿态质量很差,不满足小失准角的条件,所以必须采用大失准角非线性误差模型和非线性滤波方法。该文提出5级-CKF算法,并在系统模型噪声和量测噪声均为加性噪声且量测方程为线性方程时,对5级-CKF算法进行简化,其需要在kalman滤波的基础上利用5级容积采样点对非线性状态方程的状态及其方差进行预测。设计仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性,并分析了大失准角情况下载体运动状态对航向角估计的影响。     

抗差岭型组合主成分估计及误差影响

本文从有偏估计类中的岭型组合主成分估计出发 ,结合抗差估计理论 ,利用抗差M估计模型 ,提出了一种新的抗差有偏估计法———抗差岭型组合主成分估计。推导了平差参数的抗差岭型组合主成分估计解 ,以及平差参数的验后精度和误差影响函数。计算结果表明 ,抗差岭型组合主成分估计不但能克服法方程系数阵病态性的影响 ,而且能有效地抵制观测值中精差的异常干扰 ,使参数的解更为准确可靠     

惯性系统/激光测距仪组合定位技术研究

本文针对捷联惯性系统定位精度随误差积累而降低的情况,提出了一种基于惯性系统和激光测距仪的组合定位技术,并加以调平转位机构辅之。主要研究了捷联惯导系统静基座初始对准,分析了初始对准的精度,推导了激光测距仪载体坐标系到导航坐标系的坐标转换关系。最后,通过仿真和实施相关实验验证该定位技术。结果表明,此方法的测量误差较为稳定,误差大小在允许范围内,定位精度较高,具有一定的可行性。     

A method to improve the alignment performance for GPS-IMU System

Zero velocity and zero east component of rotation rate relative to local geographic frame have been traditionally applied as measurements for fine alignment of a GPS-IMU system. The performance of the fine alignment, however, will be affected by several types of inertial sensor errors, which could cause part of the Kalman filter states to be unobservable. To overcome this problem, a new method that utilizes the total outputs of the gyro triad and the accelerometer triad as part of the measurements has been proposed by the authors. The initial results have confirmed the effectiveness of the method. In this paper, the observability for both traditional and new alignment methods will be first reviewed. The results from computer simulations will then be presented to compare the traditional and the new alignment methods for the purpose of evaluating the performance of the proposed new method. Data acquired from real inertial sensors will also be applied to assess the traditional and new alignment methods by analyzing their innovation sequences from the Klaman filter. Based on a paper presented at the 18th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation, Long Beach, California, September 2005.     

Effects of laser beam alignment tolerance on lidar accuracy

One of the major lidar error sources not yet analyzed in the literature is the tolerance of the laser beam alignment with respect to the scanning mirror. In this paper, the problem of quantifying these errors is solved for rotating polygon mirror type lidar systems. An arbitrary deviation of the beam from its design direction–the vector of beam misalignment–can be described by two independent parameters. We choose these as horizontal and vertical components of the misalignment vector in the body frame. Either component affects both, horizontal and vertical lidar accuracy. Horizontal lidar errors appear as scan line distortions—along and across track shifts, rotations and scaling. It is shown that the horizontal component of misalignment results in a scan line first being shifted across the track and then rotated around the vertical at the new center of the scan line. Resulting vertical lidar error, being a linear function of the scan angle, is similar to that produced by a roll bias. The vertical component of the beam misalignment causes scan line scaling and an along track shift. The corresponding vertical error is quadratic with respect to the scan angle. The magnitude of these effects is significant even at tight alignment tolerances and cannot be realistically accounted for in the conventional calibration model, which includes only range, attitude and GPS biases. Therefore, in order to attain better accuracy, this model must be expanded to include the beam misalignment parameters as well. Addition of new parameters into the model raises a question of whether they can be reliably solved for. To give a positive answer to this question, a calibration method must utilize not only ground control information, which is typically very limited, but also the relative accuracy information from the overlapping flight lines.     

Auto-covariance estimation of variable samples (ACEVS) and its application for monitoring random ionospheric disturbances using GPS

 Ionospheric variation may be considered as a stationary time series under quiet conditions. However, the disturbance of a stationary random process from stationarity results in the bias of corresponding samples from the stationary observations, and in the change of statistical model parameters of the process. From a general mathematical aspect, a new method is presented for monitoring ionospheric variations, based on the characteristic of time-series observation of GPS, and an investigation of the statistical properties of the estimated auto-covariance of the random ionospheric delay when changing the number of samples in the time series is carried out. A preliminary scheme for monitoring ionospheric delays is proposed. Received: 18 August 2000 / Accepted: 12 April 2001     

基于惯性导航系统的轨道检查仪双位置对准方法

为提高轨道检查仪惯性导航系统对准精度,提出适用于轨道检查仪的惯性导航系统双位置对准方法。该方法利用轨道检查仪掉头方式,实现惯导系统加速度计常值零偏补偿。选用0.1°/h光纤陀螺仪和200 μg石英挠性加速度计组成惯性导航系统,在一铁路路段进行轨道检测试验。试验结果表明,双位置对准方法能够有效去除惯性器件零偏误差导致的轨道参数检测误差,在轨检仪连续工作300 m的情况下,铁路轨道水平检测精度明显提高。     

一种新的车载低成本MEMS陀螺仪快速初始对准算法

车载导航系统常用惯性测量元件(IMU)与全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)技术组合以提高系统的稳定性。由于车载导航系统的应用场景限制,对初始对准速度有着较高要求。为了提高传统车载组合导航系统中低成本微机电系统(MEMS)陀螺仪的初始对准速度,降低初始对准过程中的计算量,本文提出了一种适用于任意失准角下的基于网络RTK辅助与无损Kalman滤波(UKF)的MEMS陀螺仪初始对准算法。同时针对车载系统的特点,简化了IMU系统误差方程,分析了简化带来的误差。在诺瓦泰ProPak6和诺瓦泰IMU-IGM-S1组成的导航系统中验证了本文提出的算法。试验结果表明,在以诺瓦泰双天线GNSS输出航向角为"真值"的情况下,本文提出的算法基本可以在5 s内完成陀螺仪的初始对准,对准精度达0.3°。     

Impact of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC GPS radio occultation and dropwindsonde data on regional model predictions during the 2007 Mei-yu season

A study of the impact of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC GPS radio occultation (RO) and dropwindsonde data on regional model simulations for a 11-day period during the 2007 Mei-yu season is presented. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and its three-dimensional variation component, WRF-Var, are used for regional model predictions of heavy rainfall events in Taiwan. Without the use of GPS RO and dropwindsonde data, pressure and relative humidity are, in general, underestimated by the model; temperature predictions have a warm bias at the low level and a cold bias at the high level; and the east–west and north–south component winds have positive and negative biases, respectively. Incorporating GPS RO data tends to improve the prediction for longer integration. The assimilation of dropwindsonde data improves the forecast at the earlier time and at higher levels, and the improvement decreases over time. The reason the dropwindsonde data produce a positive impact earlier and the GPS RO data later is that there are few GPS RO observations in the fine domain. The large-scale simulation is first improved using the GPS RO observations, and the resulting changes can have a positive impact on the mesoscale at the later time. The dropwindsonde observations were taken inside the fine domain such that their impact can be detected early in the simulation. With both types of observation included, the prediction shows even greater improvement. At the earlier forecast time, there is nearly no impact from GPS and dropwindsonde data on rainfall forecasts. However, at the later integration time, the GPS data start to significantly improve the rainfall forecast. The dropwindsonde data also provide a positive impact on rainfall forecasts, but it is not as significant as that of the GPS data.     

双星串飞编队卫星测高模式下高度计相对定标

提出了一种新型双星串飞编队卫星测高模式下高度计之间的相对定标方法,给出了计算高度计相对偏差的完整公式;采用Jason-2卫星数据,对相对偏差计算公式中的各误差项进行了功率谱分析以及差分序列的统计分析;以厘米级定标精度为前提,简化了相对偏差计算公式并进行了误差预估。结果表明,相对偏差中各误差项均呈现低频特性,相对偏差误差主要与两颗卫星的相对径向轨道误差、测距误差、海况偏差及两星下比较点间的水准面高差相关,单次飞行高度计之间相对偏差的精度约为1.99cm。     

多普勒与伪码相位值结合的A-GPS快速定位算法研究

辅助全球定位系统通过蜂窝网基站提供给A-GPS接收机捕获辅助信息、辅助星历、时间与概略坐标,解决了微弱信号下的定位问题。从信号捕获到完成跟踪,解码导航电文需要经历相关锁定、相位锁定、比特同步、帧同步等过程,在信号很弱以至于无法实现帧同步、不能解调卫星TOW的情况下,常规定位算法无法实现定位。文中提出多普勒与伪码相位结合的A-GPS快速定位算法,利用伪码相位值进行伪距重构法消去整数毫秒伪距中隐含的公共误差,利用多普勒定位提供的初值保证初始位置和时间误差在0.5光毫秒以内,实现了粗时间、粗位置辅助下利用多普勒与伪码相位值的A-GPS快速定位。