Discrimination of sedimentary facies by association analysis

The ability of association analysis to discriminate sedimentary facies was tested on Purdy's modal analyses of modern sediments of the Great Bahama Bank. Purdy's data set has served in the past as a standard reference for evaluating various multivariate classification algorithms. In order to adapt Purdy's data to association analysis, the percent abundance of the 12 constituents was converted to binary form by dichotomizing each variable on its mean value. The results obtained by association analysis are virtually identical to those obtained by Purdy and other authors. The same four main sedimentary facies were discriminated; 86% of the samples were identically classified (97% when misclassified borderline cases are counted as matches); the total partition variance of the classification is only negligibly greater (4%); and the grouping of the variables yielded the same four groups. The rank order of the three division-attributes responsible for the sample classification is fines, oolites, and corals. Association analysis has been employed by other authors to differentiate meaningful facies groups in studies of ancient reef carbonates, modern reef sediments, and heavy minerals in stream sediments. In all these studies, the results were found to be compatible with those obtained by using the continuous quantitative measurements, indicating that qualitative binary data may often be sufficient for the purpose of facies discrimination in many branches of geology and that association analysis is an effective method for this purpose.     

地震相分析技术在滨里海盆地AS油田沉积相分析中的应用

针对滨里海AS地区的勘探开发目标层系,运用人工神经网络和主组分分析等技术和方法,对研究区的地震反射波形变化特征及其反映的地质特征进行识别和分类,得到地震相图,应用主要地震相单元中单井相分析成果建立地震相与沉积相的对应关系,将地震相转化为沉积相.该方法弥补了单纯用钻井资料进行沉积相划分的缺陷,提高了沉积相划分精度.     

基于BP神经网络的测井相分析及沉积相识别

测井相分析是研究地层沉积相的一种手段。利用基于BP神经网络的测井相分析进行沉积相识别研究,首先将已知地区地层剖面划分为有限的测井相,通过对岩心及其对应的沉积相进行研究,用数学方法及知识推理确定各个测井相到沉积相的映射转换关系,并利用这种关系,建立沉积相库。在此基础上,运用MATLAB中的工具箱建立BP神经网络模型,把已知沉积相的测井曲线特征作为样本进行训练学习,并将提取的测井曲线特征进行分类识别,从而确定地层的沉积相。应用表明,BP神经网络能够快速完成沉积相识别,可靠性较高,可以用于测井相分析及沉积相研究。     

琼东南盆地陵水组层序地层与沉积相分析

利用高分辫率层序地层学方法,结合岩心?测井和地震资料,识别琼东南盆地陵水组各级层序界面,建立地层层序格架,探讨地层格架下沉积相类型?演化规律以及平面展布,并就有利沉积相带分布进行了讨论?结果表明:从测井资料看出,层序界面识别标志主要为岩性和颜色发生突变;将琼东南盆地陵水组划分为3 个三级层序(Els1?Els2和Els3);结合测井响应特征,对地震剖面进行精细刻画,在3 套三级层序中识别出辫状河三角洲?扇三角洲?滨海?陆棚?碳酸盐台地等5种沉积相?     

地震沉积学在川东北YB地区沉积相分析中的应用

将地震沉积学理论应用于川东北YB地区陆相须家河组二段沉积相分析。以低频层序界面为约束条件,采用三维地震相位展开技术建立高频层序地层格架;利用三维Wheeler变换技术自动拉平高分辨层序地层格架的地震同相轴,建立等时年代地层格架,将地震数据体转换为年代地层数据体;在此基础上,提取具有等时意义的年代地层切片进行沉积相分析。结果表明:该方法能直观地反映沉积体的几何形态、展布规律、纵向演化和平面变迁等特征,对后续的勘探开发具有指导意义。     

湖北刘家场地区奥陶系地层沉积相及马尔科夫链分析

根据野外实测剖面分析刘家场地区奥陶系从西陵峡组到临湘组的地层特征、古生物类型和沉积相演化规律,表明该区奥陶系以碳酸盐岩台地相序为主,主要由局限台地、开阔台地、台地边缘生物礁和沉没台地组成。在此基础上,运用马尔科夫链随机过程建立研究区沉积序列概率模式。以定量的数学地质方法估计了岩相在垂直剖面上的转移概率,克服了传统的定性沉积相模式建立方法中存在的由人为因素导致的差异,研究结果表明这是一种行之有效的将复杂地质问题简化的处理方法。     

碳酸盐岩微相分析及其在岩相古地理研究中的意义

微相分析是碳酸盐岩沉积学研究的重要方法和手段。笔者从微相概念演化的角度对在微相分析中有关的概念予以澄清;介绍了微相分析的研究内容和工作方法以及微相研究的新近进展;探讨了微相分析在岩相古地理研究中的意义,并展望了它在其它沉积学研究领域中的应用前景。     

微生物碳酸盐岩分类、沉积环境与沉积模式

针对现有微生物碳酸盐岩分类不够系统、岩石类型及组合的环境意义不明确、岩相古地理重建缺乏微生物碳酸盐岩沉积模式指导等科学问题,通过塔里木盆地、四川盆地和鄂尔多斯盆地2个元古宇剖面和3个显生宇剖面详细的岩类学和岩石组合序列研究,取得3项成果与认识:①建立了构造尺度和形态特征相结合的系统的微生物碳酸盐岩分类方案.②明确了微生...     

兰坪盆地古近纪沉积相类型及沉积环境演化

通过对兰坪盆地野外露头及相关室内研究,分析了区内古近纪的沉积环境、层序特征、沉积相展布及其演化特征。认为古近纪主要发育冲积扇、河流、三角洲和湖泊环境。沉积建造为一个完整的盆地演化旋回:低位期,印度板块向欧亚板块的俯冲挤压造成兰坪走滑拉分盆地的形成,沉积了一套局限的湖盆相红色含膏盐细碎屑岩建造;湖扩期,挤压应力场转变为拉张应力场,湖盆扩大,大面积沉积了一套滨浅湖相紫红、砖红色砂泥岩互层沉积;湖缩期,受晚始新世喜马拉雅运动一幕的影响,应力场再次转变为强烈挤压,东西两侧造山带共同向盆地内推覆扩展,致使盆地范围明显缩小,仅在推覆体前缘形成一系列快速充填的小型山前陆相前陆盆地。层序古地理编图显示,蒸发岩发育于低位体系域,与低位期的沉积充填特点和气候有关,极具有找钾盐矿的前景。     

吐鲁番-哈密盆地胜北(SB)地区中上侏罗统地震相与沉积相分析

选用频率、振幅、连续性及内部反射结构 4个地震参数 ,对吐鲁番—哈密盆地SB(胜北 )地区中上侏罗统主要层系进行了地震相分析 ,作出了地震相平面分布图。经过综合解释 ,把地震相转换成了沉积相。该区中晚侏罗世主要发育冲积扇、泛滥平原、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲及湖泊沉积。     

四川盆地西部侏罗纪沉积相及油气分布

四川盆地西部侏罗纪为内陆盆地,除其北缘早侏罗世有湖沼相外,主要为河流相与湖泊相,邻龙门山区发育冲积扇,其余地区发育冲积平原相和泛滥平原相。依据湖泊积水状况,将湖泊相细分为时令湖相、间歇湖相和长年湖相。印支期,甘孜-阿坝造山带形成,四川盆地由湿热气候演变为干燥、炎热气候;并使早侏罗世-中侏罗世早期成为长年湖泊环境。受燕山早中期构造运动影响,河流相、时令湖相与间歇湖相发育。长年湖相形成了侏罗系重要的生储油层系。河流相的粗碎屑岩成为储层,时令湖相与间歇湖相的泥质岩成为盖层,组成了侏罗系中上统多个储盖组合。     

土库曼斯坦阿姆河盆地卡洛夫—牛津阶沉积相特征

以岩心描述、薄片和古生物鉴定为依据,结合测井相和地震相特征和区域构造-沉积背景,对土库曼斯坦阿姆河盆地卡洛夫—牛津阶沉积相特征进行研究,确定该地层单元属于碳酸盐台地沉积体系,识别出蒸发台地、局限台地、开阔台地、台地边缘礁滩、前缘缓斜坡、盆地等6种沉积相类型。以连井沉积相剖面对比、沉积相平面分布特征和纵向演化分析为基础,进一步揭示出该盆地卡洛夫—牛津阶经历了台地前缘缓斜坡、台地边缘礁滩、开阔台地、局限台地、蒸发台地等交替发育构成多期次海进—海退旋回演化和"开放性宽缓型镶边缓斜坡台地"沉积模式。     

The application of seismic sedimentology in studying different sedimentary facies and reservoirs

Seismic sedimentology,which includes seismic geomorphology and seismic lithology,has wide application prospect. Based on investigations of three different depositional environments,i.e.,siliciclastics in the Karamay Formation of Mahu sag,carbonates rock in the Longwangmiao Formation of Central Sichuan Basin,and mixed sediments in the Jialingjiang Formation of Central Sichuan Basin,the paper discussed the application of seismic sedimentology in studying facies and reservoir in three systems,i.e.,siliciclastics,carbonates,and mixed lithologies(evaporates,carbonates,and siliciclastics). It is found that alluvial fan and fluvial river facies developed in the Karamay Formation. Reservoir in point-bar has a better porosity,permeability,and higher production than that in lower-fan. Sedimentary facies in the Longwangmiao Formation are controlled by syn-depositional strike-slip faults. Thick dolostone reservoir is located mainly on the upper slope area in Moxi structure. Lower part of second member of the Jialingjiang Formation in Central Sichuan Basin changes from non-marine facies in the southwest to mixed facies and restricted evaporite facies in the middle,and to marine faces in the northeast. Reservoir-bearing dolostone lithofacies are located near the middle evaporite facies. Besides of the typical phase rotation,strata slice,and frequency decomposition,two new techniques(principal component analysis and RGB blending)were applied to these three cases. The results are satisfactory,and it is proved that seismic sedimentology is effective to qualitatively reconstruct depositional facies and quantitatively predict reservoir.     

地震沉积学在不同沉积相和储集层研究中的应用*

地震沉积学包括地震地貌学和地震岩性学,应用前景广阔。针对玛湖凹陷克拉玛依组碎屑岩、川中地区龙王庙组碳酸盐岩和嘉陵江组混积岩3种不同岩性的沉积环境开展研究,探讨了地震沉积学在3种环境下沉积相与储集层研究的应用效果。研究发现,玛湖凹陷克拉玛依组发育冲积扇和河流相,点坝储集层孔渗条件好,产能优于扇缘储集层。川中龙王庙组碳酸盐岩沉积受控于同沉积走滑断裂,白云岩厚储集层分布在磨溪构造斜坡区。川中嘉二下亚段自西南向东北从陆相经海陆过渡相和局限蒸发相变为海相,有利于储集层发育的白云岩岩相位于中部的局限蒸发相附近。3个实例研究中除了使用相位旋转、地层切片和分频3种传统技术之外,还利用了主因子分析和RGB融合2项新技术。研究结果较理想,表明地震沉积学在定性重建沉积相和定量预测储集层方面应用效果显著。     

Construction of a fluvial facies knowledge graph and its application in sedimentary facies identification

Lithofacies paleogeography is a data-intensive discipline that involves the interpretation and compilation of sedimentary facies. Traditional sedimentary facies analysis is a labor-intensive task with the added complexity of using unstructured knowledge and unstandardized terminology. Therefore, it is very difficult for beginners or non-geology scholars who lack a systematic knowledge and experience in sedimentary facies analysis. These hurdles could be partly alleviated by having a standardized, structured, and systematic knowledge base coupled with an efficient automatic machine-assisted sedimentary facies identification system. To this end, this study constructed a knowledge system for fluvial facies and carried out knowledge representation. Components include a domain knowledge graph for types of fluvial facies (meandering, braided and other fluvial depositional environments) and their characteristic features (bedforms, grain size distribution, etc.) with visualization, a method for query and retrieval on a graph database platform, a hierarchical knowledge tree-structure, a data-mining clustering algorithm for machine-analysis of publication texts, and an algorithm model for this area of sedimentary facies reasoning. The underlying sedimentary facies identification and knowledge reasoning system is based on expert experience and synthesis of publications. For testing, 17 sets literature publications data that included details of sedimentary facies data (bedforms, grain sizes, etc.) were submitted to the artificial intelligence model, then compared and validated. This testing set of automated reasoning results yielded an interpretation accuracy of about 90% relative to the published interpretations in those papers. Therefore, the model and algorithm provide an efficient and automated reasoning technology, which provides a new approach and route for the rapid and intelligent identification of other types of sedimentary facies from literature data or direct use in the field.     

川东北前陆盆地上三叠统沉积相及沉积演化

在对川东北前陆盆地上三叠统须家河组露头剖面野外实测和钻井等资料综合研究的基础上,对该区上三叠统须家河组层序及沉积相类型、沉积特征进行了详细的研究。结果表明:研究区内主要发育冲积扇、辫状河、曲流河、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、曲流河三角洲、湖泊、海相三角洲等八种主要的沉积相类型。古地理演化经历了由海相环境-海陆过渡相环境-陆相环境的转变。反映了川东北前陆盆地晚三叠世须家河期盆-山耦合过程及其沉积响应。须一段(即小塘子期)发育时期,受印支期构造运动的影响,本区大部分隆升成陆,仅在研究区北西部广元、剑阁等地发育海相三角洲相沉积。须二段发育时期,米仓山-大巴山构造山系的逆冲推覆构造作用较为强烈,川东北前陆盆地坳陷幅度加大,沉积物供给充分,沿米仓山-大巴山前缘地带主要发育辫状河三角洲沉积,而盆地西南部主要发育浅湖沉积。在须三段发育时期,米仓山-大巴山构造山系构造活动逐渐减弱,处于低幅稳定隆升状态,碎屑物供给量减少,沿米仓山-大巴山前缘地带主要发育辫状河三角洲沉积;从盆地前缘地带向中心地带则主要发育浅湖沉积。须四-须六段发育时期,米仓山-大巴山开始进入强烈逆冲推覆和构造隆升阶段,川东北前陆盆地坳陷幅度急剧加大,碎屑物供给量骤然增多,从盆地前缘地带向中心地带主要发育冲积扇-扇三角洲-辫状河三角洲、曲流河、曲流河三角洲相到浅湖相沉积。     

四川雅安-丹棱地区蓬莱镇组地层特征及沉积相分析

本文详细描述了丹陵县石桥乡唐湾蓬莱镇组实测地层剖面,讨论了雅安-丹陵地区蓬莱镇组的岩石地层及岩相组合特征,分析了该组岩性-岩相的横向变化规律。认为该区蓬莱镇组由湖泊沉积相及湖泊三角洲沉积相组成,在区内蓬莱镇组地层中建立了一个轮藻即Porochara maedleri-Aclistochara yunnanensis组合带,将蓬莱镇组归属于上侏罗统。     

南海神狐海域地震——沉积相分析与沉积环境演化

应用高分辨率层序地层学方法在南海北部陆坡神狐海域天然气水合物的有利聚集区二级层序划分基础上共可划分出7 个三级层序,且在三级层序格架控制下,神狐海域可识别出席状、楔状、透镜状、丘状、充填状等5 个地震相和16 个地震亚相,沉积相发育以浊流和泥流为主。神狐海域沉积环境演化的总体特征以海平面下降为主,从层序C 到A 发育半深海--深海相到浅海相的地层,从上陆坡到下陆坡主要发育半深海--深海相地层。     

沉积相带对川南龙马溪组页岩气富集的影响

为查明沉积相带对川南龙马溪组页岩气富集的影响,结合地层分布、岩性特征、沉积构造、有机碳含量、矿物组成、储集空间类型等特征,对龙马溪组页岩沉积相类型进行划分,并探讨沉积相带对有效页岩发育的影响,以期为页岩气富集条件评价提供依据。通过研究区6口页岩气井的钻井岩心观察,结合测井响应、实验测试分析,将龙马溪组划分为浅水泥质陆棚亚相、半深水陆棚亚相和深水陆棚亚相3种沉积亚相类型。有机碳含量、有效页岩的发育和分布、矿物组成以及孔隙发育特征是影响页岩气富集的关键因素,而这些因素均受控于沉积相带:沉积水体越深TOC含量越高,距离沉积中心越近TOC含量越高;龙马溪组地层厚度较大,但有效页岩厚度并不大,深水陆棚亚相沉积层段为页岩气富集的有效层段,且有效页岩层向沉积中心方向逐渐增厚;深水陆棚亚相丰富的生物供应为有效页岩带来了更高的有机质含量以及更多的脆性矿物,提高了岩石脆性;龙马溪组页岩中的孔隙类型主要为黏土矿物层间孔与有机质孔,且TOC含量高的沉积相带中有机质孔越发育。综上,深水陆棚亚相页岩具备有机质含量丰富、岩石脆性高、有机质孔发育等特征,是页岩气富集的最有利相带。     

合肥盆地中、新生代沉积相初步研究

合肥盆地是与大别山造山带有密切关系的山前前陆盆地，盆地中、新生界沉积物主要来自南面大别山区以及盆地东部、北部剥蚀区。通过野外实际踏勘、室内岩石薄片显微分析，认为合肥盆地中、新生界发育的沉积相主要有冲积扇相、河流相和湖泊相，其中以河流相最为发育。该盆地中、新生界油气源条件比较丰富，储盖条件良好，生储盖组合形式多样，存在多种油气圈闭类型，是一个油气勘探潜力较大的陆相沉积盆地。