Bridging equity? Washington,D.C.’s new elevated park as a test case for just planning

In the last decade, justice has been revived as a primary criterion for the analysis and evaluation of planning policies. This paper continues this line of research by examining a proposed redevelopment project in Washington, D.C. that sets equitable development as its goal . The proposed 11th Street Bridge Park would be a top-notch elevated park, physically and symbolically connecting D.C’s wealthy west with the disadvantaged east. The project is managed by a nonprofit organization and seemingly stands out in its progressive vision: An Equitable Development Plan has been developed in an attempt to secure the future of the local residents in light of the neighborhood's anticipated gentrification. However, preliminary findings show that despite explicit commitment to equity, the planning of the park also resurfaces racial and class tensions . The analysis of procedural and substantive aspects of justice in this case suggests that issues of recognition, power and representation are instrumental to fully understand urban (in)justices.     

转型期城市居住用地更新的空间加密化研究——广州市金花街改造再考

选择具有代表性的广州市金花街改造项目（1988~2003年）为案例研究对象,分析了政府主导下改造方案的调整过程和改造空间特征,探讨居民诉求和政府旧改政策对旧城空间的影响。研究表明：金花街居民的原地安置诉求和城市政府依此设计的以民生为导向的改造安排,乃是影响旧城空间的重要原因;在准市场化融资方式和福利化拆迁安置方式下,城市政府提出的有关提供公共服务设施、解决居民临时安置问题和让居民原地安置的要求,使改造规划多次提高改造容积率,以保持改造经济平衡;改造后的金花街在房屋和人口两个维度呈现空间加密化的态势,即存在原地安置房叠加融资商品房、原地安置居民叠加购房迁入居民的社会空间现象,金花街改造并未出现以外来中产人口大规模替代原住低收入人口为基本特征的绅士化过程。最后,从引入转让开发权和鼓励微改造两方面对当前广州的旧城改造提出政策建议。     

Policy Performance and Brownfield Redevelopment in Milwaukee,Wisconsin*

The redevelopment of brownfield sites has become a central focus of government efforts aimed at developing and revitalizing urban areas in the U.S. This article examines brownfield redevelopment efforts in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, which gained momentum in the mid‐1990s, in order to determine how Milwaukee is performing in terms of redevelopment activities, what the effects of government support of such activities have been, and how performance outcomes are currently being measured. Through an examination of government data and interviews with key stakeholders, the Milwaukee case reveals that redevelopment is indeed progressing well as government becomes more effective at tackling the barriers to private‐sector redevelopment. However, progress in redeveloping brownfields is still being measured primarily in terms of economic development outcomes rather than in terms of the broader social, economic, and environmental objectives that both policy makers and private‐sector stakeholders associate with such redevelopment.     

Changing neighbourhood cohesion under the impact of urban redevelopment: a case study of Guangzhou,China

Large-scale urban redevelopment has caused the breakdown of traditional social bonds in Chinese cities. To date, very few studies have attempted to delve into the impact of this urban redevelopment on neighbourhood cohesion. Using data collected from questionnaires conducted in 20 urban villages and 1 urban village redevelopment neighbourhood in Guangzhou, this paper examines the impact of urban village redevelopment on the restructuring of neighbourhood attachment, neighbourly interaction, and community participation—three dimensions of neighbourhood cohesion. Results of a path analysis show that, overall, neighbourhood cohesion declines after redevelopment occurs, and that the sources of neighbourhood cohesion differ between urban villages and the redevelopment neighbourhood. Our findings show that after redevelopment, neighbourhood attachment becomes more influenced by residential satisfaction but less by neighbourly contacts, and community participation becomes less subject to neighbourly interaction and neighbourhood attachment. Such changes occur as a result of the differentiation between social groups and the concurrence of environmental restructuring and demographic reconstruction during the process of urban village redevelopment.     

Research progress and prospect of urban waterfront redevelopment北大核心CSCD

Urban renewal is an inevitable requirement for adapting to the new situation of urban development and promoting the high-quality development of cities. As an integral part of the city, the redevelopment of the urban waterfront has increasingly become an important way to promote urban renewal and participate in global competition. In order to comprehensively understand the status of waterfront redevelopment, this article summarized the relevant progress of urban waterfront redevelopment in China and abroad from the aspects of waterfront concept, waterfront redevelopment concept, spatial process, evolution path, organizational model, and driving mechanism, and examined the research prospects. The findings are as follows: 1) The evolution trend of the spatial process of waterfront redevelopment changes from production to service-economy, and from a single land use type to a multiple land use types. 2) From the evolution of the spatial process, it can be concluded that waterfront areas are mainly redeveloped in four different temporal and spatial evolution paths: material space improvement, high-quality economic development, shared vision of leisure and entertainment, and historical and cultural protection. 3) The organizational model of waterfront redevelopment is mainly divided into three types: government led, private, and public-private partnership. Stakeholders participate in forming the organizational model of waterfront redevelopment, interacting with the social-environmental systems composed of port, environment, economy, politics, culture, and so on and jointly acting on waterfront redevelopment. 4) In the future, the research on urban waterfront redevelopment should focus on the innovation of analytical systems and theoretical research frameworks, pay attention to the research on the dynamic evolution path of waterfront redevelopment, further analyze waterfront redevelopment mechanism and mechanism of influence, strengthen the systematic analysis of the multiple performances of waterfront redevelopment, and establish a waterfront redevelopment management and control method library to promote urban renewal. © 2023, Editorial office of PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. All rights reserved.     

尺度重构视角下的土地再开发增值空间分配——以广州海珠湾枢纽地区为例

在存量土地再开发过程中,产生的新增价值（增值空间）分配的合理性,成为影响土地再开发运行效率的关键。从尺度重构视角,构建土地再开发增值空间分配研究框架,以广州海珠湾枢纽地区为例,对自主改造、土地征收和土地整备3种再开发模式,进行尺度跃迁观察,并剖析相应的增值空间分配成效及再开发项目推进情况。研究表明,柔性跃迁的自主改造与刚性跃迁的土地征收,均是基于经济平衡进行的增值空间分配,容易挤压为社会共享的单元增值空间,导致再开发工作难以推进。而中间跃迁的土地整备,通过权力与空间的适配调整,以“储改结合”促进多方合作改造,以“单元”社会平衡为原则,促进增值空间分配的“显性化”,保障为社会共享的单元增值空间。基于此,提出土地再开发增值空间分配合理化的路径,包括：构建上级政府权威的土地整备统筹机制,构建成片连片的土地整备单元载体,构建社会平衡的显性化分配机制。     

快速城市化下 "转型社区"空间改造的障碍——广州、深圳案例

城中村在土地利用、建设景观、规划管理、社区文化等方面均表现出强烈的城乡差异及矛盾。近年来,我国部分地区采取了"转制"的措施来消除"城中村"的城乡二元结构,形成了兼具城市与乡村社区特征的"转型社区",——人口由农民转为市民、土地由集体所有转为国有、经济由集体经济转为股份公司、管理由村委会转居委会——其空间改造也提上日程。从"转型社区"的土地利用问题出发,介绍目前常用的"转型社区"改造模式,并分别从"转型社区"内土地产权和使用主体分析转制后依然存在甚至加剧的改造障碍。研究认为,土地的伪国有化定义下的不完全产权、土地非法与合法混杂导致的用地破碎化和现有利益格局下各土地利用主体的成本与收益失衡导致"转型社区"内公共设施缺乏、土地价值过低且被过度利用的状态难以改变。以此为基础,提出了对"转型社区"改造的建议。     

The Entrepreneurial City: Fabricating Urban Development in Syracuse,New York

This paper presents a case study of contemporary urban redevelopment in Syracuse, New York, within a theoretical framework drawn from urban political economy. Our analysis integrates the role of the local state in assuming the financial risk for a redevelopment project with an understanding of the meanings and role of a fabricated cultural landscape in ensuring the success of the project. We argue that the urban landscape is fundamentally embedded and implicated in the ongoing political economy of American urban places.     

Entrepreneurial urbanism, state restructuring and civilizing 'New' East Manchester

This paper draws on the 'entrepreneurial turn' literatures to examine the current redevelopment of East Manchester. It makes three contributions to our existing empirical and theoretical understanding of what is termed here 'entrepreneurial urbanism'. First, attention is drawn to the spatially selective nature of entrepreneurial urbanism within cities; second, it argues that entrepreneurial urbanism actually demands a qualitative shift in the state's role in urban redevelopment and third, using the example of East Manchester, these two theoretical issues are explored empirically.     

Sweet Auburn: Constructing Atlanta's Auburn Avenue as a Heritage Tourist Destination

Utilizing redevelopment plans created by Central Atlanta Progress, this study explores the process of constructing a heritage tourist landscape on Atlanta's Auburn Avenue. Once home to the wealthiest African American community in the United States, Auburn Avenue went through a period of economic decline in the 1970s and 1980s. In 2000, planners for the City of Atlanta focused on redeveloping the Auburn Avenue corridor. At that time, Central Atlanta Progress began to update plans to convert Auburn Avenue into the United States' premier African American tourist destination. Utilizing those plans, this article argues that the city's redevelopment vision ties into particular aspects of African American identity, which link to neoliberal economic policies in an effort to turn Auburn Avenue into a "culturetainment" district. This vision is juxtaposed against the reaction of community residents who seek an alternative redevelopment vision.     

亚运会城市更新对社区居民影响的跟踪研究——基于广州市三个社区的实证调查

亚运会的成功举办对广州的经济、社会、文化产生了深远影响,同时也触发了广州新一轮的城市更新,涉及颇多社区与居民。现有研究仅关注亚运会前期的影响,缺乏对其后续影响的跟踪研究。本文对亚运会期间更新改造的三个案例进行跟踪研究,对比更新前后社区居民在物质、社会和心理层面上所受影响。研究表明:由于城市更新缺乏对社区居民的全面考虑,更新改造导致部分居民的社会经济地位降低,社会网络破坏,邻里关系拆散,社区满意度下降。这场快速、效果显著的城市更新,在物质层面上一定程度地改善了居民的居住环境和质量,但在社会层面和心理层面却对社区居民造成了较大负面影响。作为与政府和开发商不均衡博弈中的弱势方,社区居民成为亚运轰轰烈烈的城市更新改造中的社会成本承担者。城市更新应更多关注社会利益与公众参与,提倡多元化的城市更新目标。     

CONSTRUCTING AFRICAN AMERICAN URBAN SPACE IN ATLANTA,GEORGIA*

Recognizing the connections between the construction of urban space and racial identity, this article explores an urban redevelopment scheme launched in 2004 by Big Bethel ame Church in Atlanta, Georgia. Known as the “Renaissance Walk,” Big Bethel's project is a $45 million dollar redevelopment plan to turn an adjacent city block into a mixed‐use development. By looking at the racialization of place from the perspective of those who live, work, and organize along Auburn Avenue, one of the most historically significant African American business corridors in the United States, I contend that Big Bethel's redevelopment project is emblematic of contemporary black counterpublic spaces and links the redevelopment project undertaken by Big Bethel with African American identity positions.     

Refashioning place and new-build gentrification: The material and symbolic redevelopment of Three Kings,Auckland

Auckland's post-suburban landscape is associated with new mixed-use apartment developments. When located in former industrial sites, these emergent residential and retail spaces constitute new-build gentrification and carry the potential to rupture existing people/place dynamics. This article examines material and socio-cultural processes associated with the redevelopment of an industrial quarry in Three Kings, Auckland. It is argued that the redevelopment constitutes a physical refashioning of a former industrial space located within a traditional working-class community. The development involves a remaking of the material and socio-cultural fabric of the neighbourhood and aligns with new-build gentrification practices.     

“Contested policy mobility”: the creative transformation and temporary use of brownfields in Redtory,Guangzhou

This article argues that the changing distribution of power between coalitions of stakeholders challenges typical top-down dynamics of policy mobility, and causes contestations that in turn lead to the multi-scalar co-construction of policy- and place-making in China. When property-led redevelopment, commandeered by the coalition between government and investors, could no longer dominate the renewal of brownfield sites, a nationally endorsed mobile policy of creative transformation led China’s renewal of these areas into a new phase of “contested policy mobility”. Three kinds of contestations have been observed in Redtory, Guangzhou. First, in adopting the alternative mobile policy of using brownfields temporarily before permanent redevelopment, local governments were aiming to retain control of development rights throughout a nationally mandated urban economic “creative transformation” process. Second, emerging new interest groups from within the public sphere were able to resist subsequent redevelopment plans, thereby challenging the mobile policy’s top-down momentum. Finally, divisive interests within the coalition ultimately weakened their power when contesting the government and investors.     

Re-Envisioning the City: Lefebvre,HOPE VI,and the Neoliberalization of Urban Space

This study draws upon the urban theory of Henri Lefebvre to examine HOPE VI, a public housing demolition and redevelopment program administered by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Hailed as a new approach to urban policy, the HOPE VI program embodies many of the key tenets of neoliberal urbanization, including an emphasis on entrepreneurial forms of urban regeneration and a focus on individual responsibility. To provide a lens for understanding this neoliberalization of space, we first detail Lefebvre's theorization of abstract space and transparency, highlighting in particular its nondialectical and depoliticized character. We then turn to examine the HOPE VI model and its implementation in Charlotte, North Carolina. Lefebvre's analysis, we argue, provides a useful entry point for interpreting the re-envisioning of urban space that underlies HOPE VI-style redevelopment, and therefore can potentially inform contemporary struggles against neoliberal urban policy.     

城市再生视野下的棚户区改造实践问题

棚户区改造的目的是为了改善城市面貌和居民居住环境,提高城市品位和居民生活质量.目前,我国城市开展了大规模棚户区改造工程,然而大多数改造工作重心仍以拆建房屋为主,对棚户区的系统改建不足.针对这一问题,从棚户区改造与城市再生的关系入手,结合国内外大量棚户区改造的经验与教训,强调棚户区的改造不仅是单纯意义上的物质再生,更是涵盖经济复兴、社区重构、文化重建的社会再生.以辽宁省阜新市棚户区改造作为实证案例进行分析,指出当前棚户区改造中存在的诸多问题.在棚户区改造中,需要将建筑、就业、环境、文化、社会等因素融合一起,以促进城市再生与可持续发展.     

基于场域理论的城中村村民市民化研究——以广州猎德复建房社区为例

以广州市猎德复建房社区为案例,运用布迪厄的场域理论,剖析改造后村民市民化进程问题;并基于问卷调查数据和深度访谈资料,采用描述性统计和质性分析方法,从经济融合、社会文化适应、结构融合和身份认同4个维度探讨村民的市民化水平。结果表明,由于村社共同体这一特定场域的延续,村民经济资本转化不畅,村民的社会、文化和象征性资本相对匮乏以及村民既有惯习的固化和自我改变动力的缺失,尽管村民在改造后经济状况、行为方式、思想观念等均有一定程度的提升,但村民仍处于“半市民化”状态,在经济融合层面就业难题尚未解决,在社会文化适应层面老一辈村民的思维和行为方式固化,在结构融合层面社会网络拓展受阻,在身份认同层面对市民角色的认识不足。在城中村改造过程中,政府应当兼顾社会效益与经济效益,大力推进村社共同体转型,并将城中村村民市民化视作长期的社会系统工程,切实提升村民的人力与社会资本,促进村民融入城市社会。     

城市再开发背景下的社区感知——基于内隐联想测验的研究

以广州市永庆坊为例,研究采用内隐联想测验法、问卷以及质性访谈相结合的方法,探究其改造前后社区相关主体的社区感知,旨在探讨社区空间变化背后相关主体的感知态度差异。研究结果揭示了社区感知的外显态度和内隐态度的分离效应,且外显态度表现的差异性强于内隐态度。参与者对永庆坊改造前后的连贯性和积极性存在外显感知态度的显著差异,在内隐态度结果上,参与者对永庆坊改造前后的连贯性和积极性并未存在显著差异。实验结果表明：物质层面的更新并非引起居民等主体对改造热议的根本原因,社区更新重点应关注利益主体对权利、参与权的诉求,关注其利益分配的合理性。诚然,社区改造规划中不仅应重视公众参与和调查,也应深入挖掘社区公众对于社区改造的内隐感知态度,以提高社区规划的效力。研究采用内隐联想测验的神经科学认知方法对景观感知的探讨,以期开拓人文地理学研究方法神经科学转向的新方向。     

CONCEPTUALIZING SMALL TOWNS AS URBAN PLACES: THE PROCESS OF DOWNTOWN REDEVELOPMENT IN GALENA,ILLINOIS

This research investigates the process through which small-town central business districts (CBDs) are transformed into visitor-oriented attractions. A case study of Galena, Illinois, reveals that the dominant characteristics of the downtown redevelopment process are applicable to metropolis and small town alike. Similar economic “tools,” enabling legislation, and other mechanisms are available to essentially all municipalities regardless of size. Further, growth coalitions and interest groups are formed to promote the particular use and exchange values of CBDs throughout the urban hierarchy. What differs between small town and large metropolis, however, is the way in which contemporary CBDs are perceived by the community. While the metropolitan downtown is now largely viewed as a “command center” within a global economy, the small-town CBD is still varyingly perceived as the community's economic and social center. Such contrasting conceptions of downtown hold implications for the ability to successfully transform Main Street into a tourist attraction without generating substantial inter-community conflict. [Key words: small town, historic district, main street, downtown redevelopment, tourism.]     

SYMBOLIZING PLACE: JOURNALISTIC NARRATIVES OF THE CITY

As scholarship in a variety of disciplines acknowledges the power of symbolic systems to shape human conception, geographical research has increasingly scrutinized popular culture texts as repositories of spatial understanding. The newspaper particularly repays such study because it is tied functionally and symbolically to conceptions of place and describes characteristic inflections of the narrative of city life. Strategies in news narrative typically mediate between the newspaper's economic self-interest in regional development and the journalistic ideal of public service. A rhetorical analysis of stories announcing a redevelopment project demonstrates how conventions of journalistic representation can work subtly to present, yet subordinate, critical views of urban redevelopment.