古代陶范原料配方含有草木灰的化学判断方法

通过模拟试验,烧制一批添加不同含量草木灰的陶范,应用其特征元素指标Ca/Al、K/Al、Mg/Al、P/Al、Mn/Al等5对元素含量比值分析古代陶范原料中草木灰的添加情况。模拟陶范成分分析表明,草木灰添加量越多,Ca/Al、K/Al、Mg/Al、P/Al、Mn/Al等5对元素含量比值增加。陶器烧制不需要添加草木灰,其成分可视为古代陶范的黏土原料成分,通过统计分析古代陶器和陶范,可以判断古代陶范含有较多的草木灰。对比不同遗址不同时代的陶器和陶范中5对元素含量比值,可以认为草木灰是古代陶范原料配方的重要组成部分。     

河北临漳曹村窑址青釉器物工艺特征研究

河北地区古代瓷窑产品的理化测试工作多集中于隋唐、宋金时期的器物,北朝等早期产品的分析数据则少有报道。本文运用X射线荧光光谱、X射线衍射、岩相、吸水率测试和烧成温度测定等分析方法,对曹村窑址出土青釉样品的工艺特征开展研究。结果表明,2件样品釉层氧化钙含量分别为17.86%和14.1%,烧成温度分别达到1150.1℃和1185.2℃,证明这2件样品属于青瓷,从而证实了曹村窑是已发现的我国北方早期烧制青瓷的窑口之一;其余样品釉层氧化铅含量大于42%,部分样品吸水率低于5%,X射线衍射结果显示胎体中出现莫来石相,证明曹村窑可以生产出瓷胎铅釉陶。结合样品烧成温度均在1000℃以上,远高于铅釉成熟温度,推断曹村窑的瓷胎铅釉陶在北朝时期已经使用了二次烧成工艺。这一复杂工艺的产生,有可能为唐三彩的出现作了技术铺垫。     

工程地震勘探的科技进展

我国工程地震勘探已经历了一个较长的发展时期。80年代初,随着信号增强型浅层地震仪的出现,我国的工程地震科技取得了显著进展。浅层横波反射、城市工程勘察以及农药中的浅层地震测量技术已先后开发并得到应用,开始在我国一些重大工程项目中发挥积极作用。     

用石灰桩加固软弱地基

石灰桩作为一种技术可靠、经济快速的软弱地基加固方法已得到了广泛应用。本文介绍了武汉岩土力学研究所近一年来利用石灰桩处理软弱地基的成功经验。现场检测表明，对于单层和多层工业与民用建筑而言，采用石灰桩可以使软弱地基获得良好加固且满足设计要求。文中还对石灰桩的加固机理进行了简要分析。     

从罗迪尼亚到冈瓦纳超大陆——对新元古代超大陆研究几个问题的思考

概略介绍了中—新元古代罗迪尼亚和冈瓦纳超大陆研究工作取得的主要进展 ,简要总结了中国中部年轻造山带和相邻克拉通区新元古代早期陆块汇聚和嗣后所发生的裂解地质记录的特征和时代 ,指出中国新元古代重大热构造事件所发生的时间滞后于北美格林威尔造山运动 ,二者不是同一时代。同时根据中国西部已获得的不少 60 0～ 5 0 0Ma之间的同位素年代学信息 ,强调不应忽视泛非期超大陆事件对我国西部地区的影响。在研究中国大陆新元古代地质时 ,应通过比较大地构造地质学的研究 ,立足于中国的实际 ,重视全球构造研究 ,推进超大陆研究工作     

中国古代琥珀珠饰鉴定及其产地初探

琥珀是珍贵的有机宝石,应用历史悠久。我国南方的江苏扬州、广西合浦和云南、湖南、湖北等地博物馆藏有大量出土的西汉到魏晋南北朝时期琥珀珠饰,大多没有开展科学鉴定。本文探索应用科学技术手段对琥珀样品开展年代、材质和产地鉴定,应用形态分析、放大观察和无损的红外光谱测试对4个古代琥珀样品进行研究,初步判定这4件古代样品年代为西汉到魏晋南北朝,材质为琥珀,且产地为波罗的海,表明琥珀也是古代南方海上丝绸之路的重要贸易产品。     

谈我国东北地区不同地质时期的三大构造-成矿带

我国东北地区从早太古代地核形成起,不同地质时期产生的一些主要构造带控制了地质发展的基本进程,控制了岩浆作用、沉积作用、变质作用和成矿作用。其中有的已被初步揭示,有的刚刚引起人们的注意。笔者以为,经过深入地研究,它们可能成为本区今后重点开拓的地区。     

欧洲中部地区晚更新世及全新世的泉华沉积

在中欧地区的河谷、洪积扇、山坡坡麓及湖底常零星分布着更新世及全新世的碳酸盐沉积物。不少学者把碳酸盐沉积当作气候变化的产物并划分出其在中欧沉积的若干时期。笔者通过德国中部Leine河流域新老石灰泉华的详细研究对泉华沉积与气候直接联系的观点提出了新的见解。运用不同方法测年验证，得知研究区的石灰泉华沉积始于11000aB.P,随后石灰泉华在研究区不同地点连续沉积。岩芯上沉积的变化和石灰泉华层的消失应是由地貌过程所引起的泉水出露位置改变所致。     

闽浙两省某些高岑土矿床的粘土矿物成份

闽浙两省广泛分布着不同规模的高岭土矿床,唐宋年间已被用来作为烧制各种陶瓷器的原料。解放后随着国民经济建设的日益迅速发展,高岭土则被广泛地做为原料,应用在工业的各个部门。作者在两省工作期间,曾采集和收集了一些矿区的高岭土标本,其中有浙江省龙泉、     

鞍山-本溪-抚顺地区新太古代地质演化探讨

鞍山-本溪-抚顺地区是我国太古宙岩石出露的主要地区及重点研究区.区内太古宙岩石以变质深成侵入体为主,变质表壳岩出露面积不足20%.区内变质深成岩侵位于始太古代-新太古代的不同时期,原岩由TTG岩系和钙碱性CA岩系组成;变质表壳岩以磁铁石英岩和斜长角闪岩为标志性岩性.两类原岩建造在太古宙时期,遭受了由麻粒岩相到角闪岩相至绿片岩相连续降温减压过程.根据区内新太古代岩石出露的特点划分3个微古陆核,分别为鞍本古陆核、清原古陆核及辽北古陆核.中太古代和新太古代为本区最重要的造陆时期,以鞍本微古陆核为最早的增生点,经拼接增生、裂解改造,形成现今的地质格局.     

Experimental study on mechanical properties and pore characteristics of the modified lime mortars under freee-thaw cycles北大核心CSCD

石灰土作为路基填料代替宕渣是一种较为经济的方案,但灰土初始强度低、硬化速率慢、碳化时间长,不利于快速施工,需要进行改良研究。利用偏高岭土与石灰发生火山灰反应的原理改良灰土,通过单轴压缩试验和三轴压缩试验,分析改良灰土冻融循环条件下力学参数变化规律,利用图像处理技术提取改良灰土图像表面孔隙,建立孔隙率与强度的关系,并通过研究龄期、石灰含量和含水率变化规律,分析偏高岭土改良灰土的机制。结果表明：偏高岭土能够有效提高灰土材料反应速率,改善灰土力学特性;偏高岭土在一定程度上能够恢复冻融循环导致的灰土力学性能损失,降低冰晶体产生的孔隙;灰土强度达到最优后,其强度随着石灰的增加而降低,而经偏高岭土改良后其强度将继续增加;火山灰反应比灰土碳化过程消耗更多的水分,有效提高了灰土的抗冻性能。     

Effect of the combination of lime and natural pozzolana on the compaction and strength of soft clayey soils: a preliminary study

Soft soil stabilization has been practised for quite some time by mixing additives, such as cement, lime and fly ash to the soil to increase its strength. However, there is a lack of investigations on the use of natural pozzolana alone or combined with lime for ground improvement applications. An experimental programme was undertaken to study the effect of using lime, natural pozzolana or a combination of both on the geotechnical characteristics of soft soils. Lime or natural pozzolana was added to soft soils at ranges of 0?C10% and 0?C20%, respectively. In addition, combinations of lime?Cnatural pozzolana were added to soft soils at the same ranges. Test specimens were subjected to compaction tests, shear tests and unconfined compression tests. Specimens were cured for 1, 7, 28 and 90?days, after which they were tested for unconfined compression tests. Based on the favourable results obtained, it can be concluded that the soft soils can be successfully stabilized by the combined action of lime and natural pozzolana. Since natural pozzolana is much cheaper than lime, the addition of natural pozzolana in lime?Csoil mix may particularly become attractive and can result in cost reduction of construction.     

Soil Stabilization by Chemical Agent

Soil treatment is commonly resorted in order to improve the strength, stiffness properties of road foundations, and reduce the swelling potential of expansive soils. In Jordan, considerable amount of construction activity is carried out at relatively shallow depths where soil is likely to be unsaturated and subjected to low stresses level. Road damage is frequently observed when it is founded on weak sub-grade in Karak. Therefore, chemical stabilization of the base course, sub base course and sub-grade is essential. The soil will be treated by using sodium silicate and lime with different percentages. An experimental program was designed to study the behavior of soil as the percent of additive agent changes. The results showed that; the geotechnical properties have been improved when soil is treated by mixing lime and sodium silicate. The initial consumption of lime is of 4 and 2?% for sodium silicate. The reaction time is a significant parameter where strength improves as time increases.     

活性石灰的工艺性能与方钙石的显微结构

本文主要研究ＹＦ优质石灰石基本性能及其活性石灰的煅烧条件和方钙石的显微结构。结果表明煅烧温度和保温时间是影响活性石灰工艺性能及方钙石显微结构的决定性因素。     

重塑石灰土的力学特征与性能劣化机制分析

石灰土在公路等工程中应用很广泛,随着公路改扩建等工程的迅速增多,面临如何处理与利用废弃石灰土的难题。通过对比分析素土、石灰土、重塑石灰土的压缩、强度等力学指标,探讨重塑石灰土的力学特征。结果表明,重塑石灰土压缩系数与石灰土相比提高了2～3倍,无侧限抗压强度损失了30%～40%,内摩擦角增大了1.2倍,黏聚力降低了40%。提出用劣化系数评价重塑石灰土的力学特性劣化程度,并从石灰处治红黏土的团粒化、碳化、灰结机制等角度分析了重塑石灰土性能劣化的本质原因。与素土相比,石灰土的黏粒（d <0.002 mm）含量减少而粗粒（d >0.074 mm）含量增加,从而提高了石灰土的内摩擦角。但重塑过程则破化了石灰土中的胶结结构致使重塑石灰土的黏聚力降低,从而影响重塑石灰土的其他力学性能指标。     

Some geotechnical properties of a lime-stabilized laterite containing a high proportion of aluminium oxide

The engineering properties of many soils can be improved by lime stabilization. Not all such soils, however, show improved strength. Such non-reactive soils will show no strength increase regardless of lime type and percentage, curing environment and duration of treatment.The type and amount of minerals and elements may either facilitate or inhibit increase in strength. The strength of soils possessing high proportions of aluminium oxide could be reduced when stabilized with lime and cured over a long period at a high temperature. This decrease in strength is due to the type of reaction products formed.A Kenyan laterite with a high proportion of aluminium oxide was stabilized with different percentages of lime and cured over periods of uo to 28 days. The results show that with a lower percentage of lime, the unconfined strength decreases with increase in curing time. However, when the amount of lime is increased, there is an increase in strength with curing time. The immediate California Bearing Ratio (C.B.R.) values are observed to be functions of density and moisture content. The higher the density, the greater the C.B.R. values.     

重塑石灰土的强度恢复方法与机制初探

石灰稳定土工程翻修改造后会产生大量的石灰土弃渣,为避免污染环境和节约工程投资,需重新利用破碎的石灰土进行填筑。但石灰土破碎后强度急剧降低,需要添加胶凝材料提升其力学性能。以重塑石灰土为研究对象,通过添加5%石灰或水泥进行再改良,对比分析两种再改良土的强度和压缩性等力学指标,结果表明,石灰再改良土的力学特性优于水泥再改良土。借助粒度分析、电镜扫描、X衍射和热重分析试验手段揭示了石灰再改良土性能优越的内在机制,发现石灰再改良土中的石灰和石灰土团粒能形成很好的胶结;但水泥未能和石灰土团粒形成有效胶结,自身形成了边-面和边-边接触的片状多孔架构。重塑石灰土残存的氢氧化钙是引起水泥再改良土性能劣于石灰再改良土的主要诱因。     

冻融循环对二灰和改性聚乙烯醇固化盐渍土力学性能的影响

随季节性变化的冻融循环作用对土体结构有显著的影响。为降低盐渍土对环境温度的敏感性并将其应用于工程中,提出以石灰、粉煤灰和改性聚乙烯醇(MPA)为固化材料的联合固化方法。先通过无侧限抗压强度(UCS)和微观扫描试验评价固化效果,构建固化材料的参数范围,再将抗剪强度(黏聚力和内摩擦角)与正交试验相结合,分析各因素的影响,明确最佳组合参数。结果表明:石灰+粉煤灰+MPA联合固化有助于提高盐渍土的强度,联合固化盐渍土的UCS为1 130.25 kPa,是盐渍土(218 k Pa)的5.18倍;联合固化盐渍土的冻融强度满足工程规范(JTG 3430-2020)要求。冻融循环作用下联合固化盐渍土的UCS稳定值为700k Pa,且3次循环后的波动范围在5%左右。适宜配比下联合固化盐渍土的抗剪强度(黏聚力和内摩擦角)在3次冻融循环后为208.2 kPa和38.56°。各因素的敏感性由高到低依次为养护时间、石灰掺量、MPA掺量、干密度、含盐量和冻融循环次数,随石灰、粉煤灰和MPA掺量的增加,联合固化盐渍土强度增大并趋于稳定,固化参数的优化可有效弱化冻融作用对滨海盐渍土的影响。结合抗压及抗剪强度试验结果,...     

Improvement of Clayey Soil with Lime and Industrial Sludge

Industrial waste generation has reached up to millions of tons yearly. One way to solve the problems of the large accumulating amount of waste could be to incorporate it into the soil; thus, finding a way for the use of industrial waste could be a quest for soil improvement studies. Industrial sludge in certain pozzolanic form reacts with soil and possesses cementitious properties. This paper illustrates the utilization of lime, steel and copper sludge in improvement of high plasticity clayey soil. The influence of stabilizer type, different curing times and various ratios of lime to sludge are evaluated by Atterberg limits, standard proctor compaction, unconfined compressive strength and unconsolidated undrained strength in triaxial test. The  test results show that adding lime and sludge results in an increase in maximum strength. Moreover, the strength of soil increases with the increase of curing time. Utilizing stabilizers also influences plasticity index and compaction parameters. Finally, the results demonstrate that steel sludge has better performance than that of copper sludge in term of strength development.     

Effect of polypropylene fibre and lime admixture on engineering properties of clayey soil

In order to reduce the brittleness of soil stabilized by lime only, a recent study of a newly proposed mixture of polypropylene fibre and lime for ground improvement is described and reported in the paper. To investigate and understand the influence of the mixture of polypropylene fibre and lime on the engineering properties of a clayey soil, nine groups of treated soil specimens were prepared and tested at three different percentages of fibre content (i.e. 0.05%, 0.15%, 0.25% by weight of the parent soil) and three different percentages of lime (i.e. 2%, 5%, 8% by weight of the parent soil). These treated specimens were subjected to unconfined compression, direct shear, swelling and shrinkage tests. Through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the specimens after shearing, the improving mechanisms of polypropylene fibre and lime in the soil were discussed and the observed test results were explained. It was found that fibre content, lime content and curing duration had significant influence on the engineering properties of the fibre–lime treated soil. An increase in lime content resulted in an initial increase followed by a slight decrease in unconfined compressive strength, cohesion and angle of internal friction of the clayey soil. On the other hand, an increase in lime content led to a reduction of swelling and shrinkage potential. However, an increase in fibre content caused an increase in strength and shrinkage potential but brought on the reduction of swelling potential. An increase in curing duration improved the unconfined compressive strength and shear strength parameters of the stabilized soil significantly. Based on the SEM analysis, it was found that the presence of fibre contributed to physical interaction between fibre and soil whereas the use of lime produced chemical reaction between lime and soil and changed soil fabric significantly.