甘肃省近35年连阴雨天气气候特征分析

利用1967～2001年甘肃省80个气象站的逐日降水资料对连阴雨特征进行了较全面的分析.结果表明：甘肃省连阴雨分布的特点是自西北向东南呈台阶状增加,连阴雨相对比较多的地区为甘南地区、陇南东部和陇东东部地区,在甘肃中部-天水-武都一带相对形成一个南北向的少连阴雨带.区域性连阴雨过程的月、季特征表明,夏季区域性连阴雨过程最多,秋季次之,春季和冬季最少.年代际变化特征表明春季区域性连阴雨次数从20世纪70年代到90年代变化不大,但夏秋季连阴雨次数,70年代明显偏多,80年代之后总体次数减少幅度较大.最后从不同季节形成的连阴雨环流形式进行了分析.     

青藏高原全区与东西部各分区大气热源的变化规律对比

为了找出青藏高原与东西部各分区大气热源的变化规律,利用美国国家环境预报中心的月平均温度场、比湿场、风场以及位势高度场的再分析格点资料,采用"倒算法"计算得到高原地区月平均大气热源原始格点资料,对比分析青藏高原全区与东西部各分区大气热源在1948~2011年的年际和年代际变化特征,证实青藏高原大气热源的时空分布具有显著的差异性,研究结果表明:青藏高原全区和东西各分区的大气热源均表现出明显的年际振荡特征。在变化周期方面,青藏高原全区大气热源存在14年的显著周期,高原东部地区大气热源存在16年的显著周期,高原西部地区大气热源存在8年的显著周期。在变化趋势方面,青藏高原西部地区和东部地区1989年前,大气热源变化趋势相同,1989年后,大气热源变化趋势相反。在大气热源各个季节的空间分布方面,青藏高原全区大气热源各个季节热源热汇分布特征不同,春季西部地区出现热源中心,夏季东部地区出现热源中心,秋季东部地区出现热汇中心,冬季出现西部地区热源中心和东部地区热汇中心共存;在变化趋势突变检测方面,青藏高原全区大气热源在1989年存在显著的突变,西部地区大气热源1976年左右存在显著的突变,东部地区大气热源在1990年左右存在显著的突变。     

川渝地区夏季降水变化气候特征分析

利用川渝地区34站1960—2006年共计47年的逐月降水量资料,采用经验正交函数（BOF）分解、旋转经验正交函数（REOF）分解、小波分析等方法详细讨论了川渝地区夏季降水量的时空变化特征。结果表明：川渝地区夏季降水量时空分布不均,川渝地区夏季降水量可以分为3个区,分别是川西高原区、盆地中部区和盆地东部区。近50年来,川渝地区夏季降水量具有显著不同的年代际变化特征,川西高原和盆地东部夏季降水量长期变化呈增加的趋势,而盆地中部呈减少的趋势。川渝各区夏季降水量具有显著不同的多时间尺度的周期变化特征,其中川西高原具有准15年和准5年的周期变化特征,盆地中部具有准14年、准6年和准3年的周期变化,盆地东部具有准16年、准8年和准3年的周期变化特征。     

青藏高原大气热源气候特征的研究

用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和小波分析方法分析研究了1950-2005年青藏高原大气热源气候特征和变化特征,主要结论包括:(1)夏季青藏高原东部大气热源的强度明显较西部大.6月份,高原东部热源的强度是高原西部的近两倍,7月份的值也比西部大了40%以上.(2)青藏高原全区、东部和西部逐年平均的大气热源有明显不同的变化特征.高原全区年平均大气热源的变化主要是一个14年的时间尺度;高原东部不仅有14年的主要时间变化尺度,同时还有一个非常显著的2.6年的时间变化尺度;高原西部则不同,是一个不明显的1-2年的时间尺度.     

什邡50年气温变化特征及回归分析

利用什邡市1959—2008年逐日气温资料,采用一元线性回归及5年滑动平均,Mann．Kendall法（M-K）等方法,研究分析了什邡市50年来气温年际变化特征。结果显示：（1）气温以0．13℃／10a的趋势变暖,50年平均上升了0．6℃到0．7℃,其中四季存在显著差异,秋季变暖趋势最明显达0．21℃／10a,春季次之为0．13℃／10a,冬季为0．11℃／10a,夏季最不明显。（2）年平均气温在21世纪初期均有明显变暖突变。     

青藏高原植被变化特征及其对气候变化的影响

利用1982-2001年美国国家航天航空局(NASA)的归一化植被指数(NDVI)资料以及55个青藏高原地区气象台站实测的最高气温、最低气温、平均气温和降水资料,初步分析了青藏高原地区各季节植被变化特征及其对气候变化的影响,通过分析发现,各季节青藏高原地区NDVI均以增长为主.特别是高原南部、北部和西部等地区增加明显,高原中东部地区植被有所减少.通过相关分析和台站概率相关分析发现,高原冬季和春季NDVI与后期春季和夏季的最高气温、最低气温、平均气温和降水有较好的正相关关系,但有的表现在相关系数比较显著,有的表现为概率相关较明显.     

北极海冰的基本特征

本文应用1953～1984年的北极海冰资料,分析各区海冰的季节变化、年际变化、自相关特性及互相关特性。认为Ⅰ区海冰占有最大权重,又具有较大的方差,在全区海冰中起着重耍作用。冬季,各区海冰相互关联,其余季节,基本上相互独立。各区海冰均提供了气候“贮存”机制,一个季节的冰能影响下一个季节冰的特性;冬季的贮存能力大于夏季,春秋次之;Ⅱ区和Ⅳ区冰的持续性优于Ⅰ区 。     

云南空中水资源的季节变化研究

用1961—2008年NOAA的月平均再分析资料和1980—2006年云南5个探空站的资料,采用大气可降水量和水汽通量公式计算分析大气可降水量和水汽通量,并用线性趋势分析其变化特征。结果表明：云南四季的可降水量北少南多,呈“u”型分布,夏季最大,冬季最小。对云南地区四季的水汽通量分析表明,四季的水汽净收入主要集中在对流层低层;地面-300hPa的水汽净收入在夏季最大、秋季次之,而冬季最小。云南经向的水汽输送和纬向的水汽输送呈反相关,近48年,云南四季水汽呈增加趋势,其中夏季增加最多,春季次之。     

湖北十堰降水量的气候特征与旱涝分析

针对十堰市旱涝灾害问题,利用1971~2011年十堰站逐日降水量观测数据,采用一元线性回归、小波分析、分级评价、Z指数等方法分析了十堰降水量的气候特征以及旱涝特征。结果表明,十堰市近41年年降水量倾向率为-16.3mm/10a,总体呈变少的趋势,特别是1985~2001年降水偏少较明显;降水量季节变化呈现秋季显著减少,春季次之,夏季略有增多的趋势,4月有减少趋势;年降水量有较强的周期变化特征,20世纪80年代到90年代初,年际变率在4~8年这个周期上较强,其他年份以2~4年周期为主;十堰旱涝中以旱为主,春旱主要集中发生在2000年以后,夏旱在2000年以后有增加的趋势,伏旱在1970年代和1980年代是一个高发期,一般性洪涝主要发生在8月。     

热带次表层海温对中国东部夏季气候的影响

热带海洋热状况是影响中国气候变化的主要因子之一,为了研究热带次表层海温如何影响中国气候,通过相关计算和合成分析等方法讨论了热带太平洋至印度洋次表层海温异常对中国东部夏季降水和温度的影响。结果表明:当冬季赤道东印度洋至西太平洋次表层海温偏暖(偏冷),中印度洋和东太平洋次表层海温偏冷(偏暖),夏季,长江中下游地区降水偏少(偏多),华南、华北和东北大部地区降水偏多(偏少);中国东部大范围高温(低温)。其可能的影响途径为,东亚夏季风环流对热带次表层海温异常的响应导致了其年际变化,进而引起中国东部夏季气候的异常分布。     

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Variation characteristics of temperature and moisture content of seasonal frozen soil during freezing process in Changchun, China

In China, seasonal frozen soil is widely distributed. The freezing damage of subgrade soil in Jilin Province has been one of major engineering geological problems troubling the safety of road, in which some common damage phenomena, such as frost heave, subsidence deformation and frost boiling, are all caused bywater translocation. Aiming at the phenomenon, the changes of moisture content of seasonal frozen soil in Changchun City are mainly studied by long-term field observation and indoor testing of physical properties under different conditions, and then the variation characteristics of moisture content in soil under different compactness and temperature conditions are realized. The results show that the increasing section of moisture content and negative temperature section all lie in 0.0-1.0 m of subgrade. Both lowest air and earth temperature occur in January to February, and the most negative temperature ranges from -7 ℃ to -10 ℃.     

Seasonal variation in imposex intensity of Thais clavigera

Imposex, specifically caused by TBT pollution, refers to the superimposition of male sexual characteristics in gastropod females. Seasonal variation of imposex intensity in Thais clavigera from both slightly and severely contaminated sites in Hong Kong waters was studied from 1988 to 1999. The male penis length showed significant difference between both sites and seasons. It was shortest during late autumn and early winter (October to December) and longest during spring and early summer (February to June). Female penis length also showed significant difference between sites. It did not change seasonally, however. The RPS (Relative Penis Size) index was the highest during autumn and early winter, and the lowest during spring and early summer. The VDS (Vas Deferens Sequence) index remained stable throughout the sampling period. This study showed that VDS index is a better indicator when we compare relative intensity of imposex. The comparison can only be meaningful provided the samples from different locations are taken during the same season.     

Seasonal variation in abundance and species composition of a planktonic diatom assemblage including viable cells on the bottom in matsushima bay,northeastern japan

Seasonal variation in abundance and species composition of a planktonic diatom assemblage distributed in the water column and also settled on the bottom was investigated for the shallow coastal water in Matsushima Bay on the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan during the period from October 1999 to September 2000. A spring bloom of diatoms began in April when nutrient concentrations started to increase, indicating the importance of nutrients. Viable cells of Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira spp., which were the dominant species in the water column throughout the year, were also always abundant in the bottom sediment. Both populations in the water column and on the bottom fluctuated essentially in parallel. For the planktonic diatoms in shallow coastal waters to maintain their vegetative populations in the water column, it would be advantageous for them to have a seeding population of viable cells on the bottom that are easily resuspended into the upper photic layer.     

Variation characteristics of temperature and moisture content of seasonal frozen soil during freezing process in Changchun,China

In China, seasonal frozen soil is widely distributed. The freezing damage of subgrade soil in Jilin Province has been one of major engineering geological problems troubling the safety of road, in which some common damage phenomena, such as frost heave, subsidence deformation and frost boiling, are all caused by water translocation. Aiming at the phenomenon, the changes of moisture content of seasonal frozen soil in Changchun City are mainly studied by long-term field observation and indoor testing of physical properties under different conditions, and then the variation characteristics of moisture content in soil under different compactness and temperature conditions are realized. The results show that the increasing section of moisture content and negative temperature section all lie in O. 0 - 1.0 m of subgrade. Both lowest air and earth temperature occur in January to February, and the most negative temperature ranges from -7℃ to -10℃.     

Seasonal and Interdecadal Variations of Heat Transport over the Northern Hemisphere

1Introduction Theglobalclimatechangehasbeenoneoftheprob lemschallengingtheworldinrecentyears.TheweatherandclimateonEarthhasbeeninvariationontimescalesfromseasonaltomillennialorevenlonger.ResearchesonvariationsofweatherandclimateintheNorthernHemispherehave…     

Seasonal change of steric sea level in the GIN seas

The Greenland Sea,Iceland Sea,and Norwegian Sea (GIN seas) form the main channel connecting the Arctic Ocean with other Oceans,where significant water and energy exchange take place,and play an important role in global climate change.In this study steric sea level,associated with temperature and salinity,in the GIN seas is examined based on analysis of the monthly temperature and salinity fields from Polar science center Hydrographic Climatology (PHC3.0).A method proposed by Tabata et al.is used to calculate steric sea level,in which,steric sea level change due to thermal expansion and haline contraction is termed as the thermosteric component (TC) and the halosteric component (SC),recpectively.Total steric sea level (TSSL) change is the sum of TC and SC.The study shows that SC is making more contributions than TC to the seasonal change of TSSL in the Greenland Sea,whereas TC contributes more in the Norwegian and the Iceland Seas.Annual variation of TSSL is larger than 50 mm over most regions of the GIN Seas,and can be larger than 200 mm at some locations such as 308 mm at 76.5 N,12.5 E and 246 mm at 77.5 N,17.5 W.     

Study on the seasonal variation of the suspended sediment distribution and transportation in the East China Seas based on SeaWiFS data

The monthly mean suspended sediment concentration in the upper layer of the East China Seas was derived from theretrieval of the monthly binned SeaWiFS Level 3 data during 1998 to 2006.The seasonal variation and spatial distribution of thesuspended sediment concentration in the study area were investigated.It was found that the suspended sediment distribution presentsapparent spatial characteristics and seasonal variations,which are mainly affected by the resuspension and transportation of the sus-pended sediment in the study area.The concentration of suspended sediment is high inshore and low offshore,and river mouths aregenerally high concentration areas.The suspended sediment covers a much wider area in winter than in summer,and for the samesite the concentration is generally higher in winter.In the Yellow and East China Seas the suspended sediment spreads farther to theopen sea in winter than in summer,and May and October are the transitional periods of the extension.Winds,waves,currents,ther-mocline,halocline,pycnocline as well as bottom sediment feature and distribution in the study area are important influencing factorsfor the distribution pattern.If the 10mg L-1 contour line is taken as an indicator,it appears that the transportation of suspended sedi-ment can hardly reach 124°00'E in summer or 126°00'E in winter,which is due to the obstruction of the Taiwan Warm Current andthe Kuroshio Current in the southern Yellow Sea and the East China Sea.     

Dynamic characteristics of seasonal thermocline in the deep sea region of the South China Sea

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