北方地区酸雨对地下水硬度形成的影响机制分析

由酸雨对包气带土样的淋滤试验和浸泡试验资料表明，在岩－水相互作用的初期，硬度主要来自土中易溶盐的溶解和Ｈ＾＋，Ｎａ＾＋对土颗粒表面Ｃａ＾２＋，Ｍｇ＾２＋，Ｆｅ＾２＋等的交换；在后期，硬度主要来自土中碳酸盐，铝硅酸盐的风化水解。酸雨中的酸度与土壤溶液中的碱度的中和过程，即是水中硬度的形成过程，酸雨的ｐＨ值越低，在相同作用时内形成的硬度值越高。ＳＯ４＾２－，ＨＣＯ３＾－是硬度组分自土中迁出的主要载体；     

辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中铬尖晶石成分的两种分带趋势及其成因探讨

首次报道金伯利岩中铬尖晶石的两种成分分带趋势，其中斑晶铬尖晶石以核部富Ｃｒ、边缘逐渐富Ａｌ和Ｆｅ￣（＋３）为特征，该铬尖晶石为金伯利岩岩浆上升过程中形成的；基质铬尖晶石则同上述变化趋势相反，它们是岩浆在温、压增大或母岩在熔融程度增加过程中形成的。根据Ｃｒ＿２Ｏ＿３含量，基质铬尖晶石可分为两类：一是岩浆演化晚期，岩管爆发前槽压过程中结晶的低铬铁尖晶石（Ｃｒ＿２Ｏ＿３＜５４％）；二是来自深源捕虏体的高铬铁尖晶石（Ｃｒ＿２Ｏ＿３＞６０％），本文探讨了它们的形成机制。     

川东南脉状萤石－重晶石矿床流体包裹体研究

川东南脉状萤石──重晶石矿床主要产于下奥陶统碳酸盐岩中，其成矿与岩浆活动无明显联系．成矿温度较低，成矿流体富含ＮａＣｌ和Ｈ＿２Ｏ，ＣＯ＿２和ＣＨ＿４的含量较低，Ｎ＿２，Ｏ＿２及Ｈ＿２的含量甚微。成矿介质水主要来源于地层水（如封存的海水、盆地压实脱水等）及大气降水，成矿温度、δ￣Ｄ值、盐度、Ｎａ￣＋／Ｋ￣＋比值以及矿石中有机包裹体的在在均表明本区萤石和重晶石的成矿流体类似于密西西比河谷型矿床的成矿热卤水，其形成与介质水溶滤本区寒武系蒸发岩有关。     

低温低压下水—岩反应动力学实验中一些主要元素的变化规律

作者根据北京小汤山一带热、矿泉水文地质特征，把９０％的白云岩和１０％的花岗岩作为试料，把二次蒸馏水作为反应溶液，将它们一起放在纯钛高压釜内，在５０—２００℃的温度和（２００—５００）×１０￣５Ｐａ的压力下进行水—岩反应动力学的实验。实验结果表明：水从岩石中萃取出的Ｋ￣（＋）、Ｎａ￣（＋）、Ｃａ￣（２＋）、Ｍｇ￣（２＋）、Ａｌ￣（３＋）、ＨＣＯ、ＮＯ、Ｆ￣（－）、Ｃｌ￣（－），ＳＯ、∑Ｆｅ和ＳｉＯ＿２等离子和氧化物的含量随着岩石的成分、温度、压力、水的ｐＨ值、岩石粒度、氧化—还原环境、时间和水的循环次数呈规律性变化。这些规律揭示了小汤山一带热、矿泉形成的机理。为热田的开发和人造温泉提供了理论上的依据。     

配位滴定法同时测定金属离子浓度的研究

将多元校正分析法应用于配位滴定中，以ＥＤＴＡ为滴定剂，玻璃电极为指示电极，饱和甘汞电极为参比电极。依据电位滴定原理，对混合三组分：Ｃｕ￣（２＋）、Ｃｄ￣（２＋）、Ｚｎ￣（２＋）、及Ｃｕ￣（２＋）、ＣＯ￣（２＋）、Ｎｉ￣（２＋）进行测定，各金属离子之间的△ｌｏｇＫ在０．０４～２．３４之间，计算误差一般小于土１０％。     

平江万古金矿床地球化学研究

平江万古金矿床，成矿物质来源于容矿地层中元古界冷家溪群坪原组，矿床继承了容矿地层富Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｗ等微量元素的特点，成矿流体为与区域浅变质作用有关的ＨＣＯ＿３－－Ｃｌ－－Ｎａ￣＋－Ｃａ￣（２＋）型建造水热液，成矿过程中Ａｕ主要以ＡｕＡｓＳ＿２、ＡｕＡｓＳ＿３￣（２－）络合物形式迁移，矿床形成于中一低温，弱碱性、还原环境。     

研究地下水中HCO_3~－来源的稳定碳同位素法

自然界中ＣＯ＿２主要来自有机质、大气和碳酸盐岩石，因同位素分馏作用，其稳定碳同位素组成在这三种物质中的分配不尽相同。本文根据地下水实测ＨＣ，的δ￣（１３）Ｃ￣２值，利用热力学及同位素平衡计算与之相平衡的ＣＯ＿２气体的δ￣（１３）Ｃ值，确定了ＣＯ＿２气体来源，进而确定了的有机来源。     

盆地卤水化学成分的一级控制因素

世界范围内许多沉积盆地地下卤水的矿化度变化范围超过４个数量级，主要受大气水，海水和地表蒸发卤水与来自地下蒸发岩脱水和溶解的流体相混合的物理作用所控制，尽管在任意给定矿化度下地下卤水中的主要离子含量相关１０倍以上，但随着矿化度的增加，水中的Ｎａ＾＋，Ｋ＾＋，Ｍｇ＾２＋和Ｃａ＾２＋普遍系统地增加而ＰＨ值和ＨＣＯ＾－３系统地减小却支持了这样的假设，即接近由硅酸盐－碳酸盐士（卤化物）矿物组合控制的热力学缓     

矽卡岩矿床的研究现状

本文评述了矽卡岩矿床类型划分、矽卡岩形成的物理化学条件、成矿流体以及矿物成分与矿化关系的某些进展。镁矽卡岩形成于各种深度,而钙矽卡岩则形成于较浅和较低温的环境;限制矽卡岩形成的主要参数是ＣＯ＿２、深度以及岩浆期后诸元素的活度（如Ｍｇ￣（２＋）、Ｃａ￣（２＋）…）、ｐＨ和Ｅ＿ｈ值。当前已应用非平衡热力学去研究矽卡岩成岩成矿过程。接触交代带中存在两种流体,一种来自岩浆,另一种是天水循环来源;同位素资料提供水／岩反应的信息,而Ｓ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｒ等同位素资料提供矿质来源的标志。矽卡岩矿物如辉石、石榴石的化学成分与矿化关系密切,可以指示矿化类型。文中总结了矽卡岩型金矿特点,其蹄、铋矿物及退化蚀变是重要的找矿标志。含矿流体及成矿动力学是今后研究的重要方向。     

朝鲜人民共和国Wolyu Au－Ag－Ge脉状矿床的形成环境

Ｗｏｌｙｕ矿床是Ｙｏｕｎｇｄｏｎｇ地区最大的脉状低温热液Ａｕ－Ａｇ矿床之一，也是朝鲜第一个赋存于硫银锗矿物之中的富锗Ａｕ－Ａｇ矿床。穿切晚石炭纪凝灰岩和石英斑岩（８１．５±１．８Ｍａ）的矿脉（７８．９±１．２Ｍａ）由分属三个矿化阶段的石英和碳酸盐组成。第一矿化阶段的石英和碳酸盐中含有黄铁矿、贱金属和金银矿。第Ｉ矿化阶段的Ａｇ－Ａｕ－Ｇｅ矿脉的矿物组合随着时间演化发生系统的变化：①石英＋黄铁矿；②石英十黄铁矿＋银金矿十辉银矿＋闪锌矿；③碳酸盐十石英＋闪锌矿＋银金矿十辉银矿；④碳酸盐＋自然金＋辉银矿＋银硫矿＋硫银锗矿＋闪锌矿。温度和硫离子活度的计算值为：组合①３６０～２８０℃，１０￣（－７）～１０￣（－１０）；组合②２８０～２１０℃，１０￣（－１０）～１０￣（－１４）；组合③２１０～１８０℃，１０￣（－１４）～１０￣（－１６）；组合④１８８～１５５℃，１０￣（－１７）～１０￣（－１８）。上述数据、金与硫化物紧密共生以及蚀变带中黄铁矿的大量存在都说明了硫离子活度降低和冷却在金的沉淀中起了重要的作用。随着时间演化成矿流体中氢、氧同位素均显示出系统的变化。在主要的Ａｇ－Ａｕ－Ｇｅ成矿过程中，随着石英向碳酸盐的转变δＤ     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861