塔里木盆地寒武纪构造-沉积环境与原型盆地演化

寒武系是塔里木盆地当前油气增储上产的重点层系,恢复寒武纪的盆地原型是油气勘探的重要基础。利用最新的钻井、地震及露头资料,以沉积相为研究实体,将盆地充填与周缘构造演化相结合,由点→线→面进行分析,恢复了塔里木盆地寒武纪不同时期的构造-沉积环境,并建立了相应的盆地充填演化模式。塔里木盆地寒武纪经历了一次完整的海侵-海退旋回,包括早寒武世早期快速海侵→中寒武世海退、晚寒武世缓慢海侵→寒武纪末海退两个次级旋回,分别对应沉积演化的2个阶段：塔西克拉通内坳陷早寒武世的碎屑滨岸-陆棚相→局限台地相→中寒武世的蒸发台地相,晚寒武世的局限台地相→寒武纪末期的台地暴露不整合;塔东克拉通边缘坳陷为深水盆地相,经历了硅质泥岩→泥岩与灰岩薄互层→碳酸盐岩的岩相演化。寒武纪塔里木原型盆地特征及演化主要受控于Rodinia超大陆的裂解,其构造-沉积格局经历了由震旦纪末的南北分异格局向中-晚寒武世的东西分异格局的演变。     

Investigating the preservation of orbital forcing in peritidal carbonates

Metre‐scale cycles in ancient peritidal carbonate facies have long been thought to represent the product of shallow water carbonate accumulation under orbitally controlled sea‐level oscillations. The theory remains somewhat controversial, however, and a contrasting view is that these cycles are the product of intrinsic, and perhaps random, processes. Owing to this debate, it is important to understand the conditions that do, or do not, favour the preservation of orbital forcing, and the precise stratigraphic expression of that forcing. In this work, a one‐dimensional forward model of carbonate accumulation is used to test the ability of orbitally paced sea‐level changes to reconstruct cyclicities and cycle stacking patterns observed in greenhouse peritidal carbonate successions. Importantly, the modelling specifically tests insolation‐based sea‐level curves that probably best reflect the pattern and amplitude of sea‐level change in the absence of large‐scale glacioeustasy. This study found that such sea‐level histories can generate precession and eccentricity water depth/facies cycles in models, as well as eccentricity‐modulated cycles in precession cycle thicknesses (bundles). Nevertheless, preservation of orbital forcing is highly sensitive to carbonate production rates and amplitudes of sea‐level change, and the conditions best suited to preserving orbital cycles in facies/water depth are different to those best suited to preserving eccentricity‐scale bundling. In addition, it can be demonstrated that the preservation of orbital forcing is commonly associated with both stratigraphic incompleteness (missing cycles) and complex cycle thickness distributions (for example, exponential), with corresponding implications for the use of peritidal carbonate successions to build accurate astronomical timescales.     

华北地台中寒武世鲕滩碳酸盐旋回沉积、古海平面变动控制及旋回年代学研究

 华北地台中寒武世鲕滩碳酸盐沉积序列中具有特征的低频(级)和高频(级-级)旋回层序叠加样式和规律。旋回层序内部的沉积构成、微相组构、成岩特点以及高频旋回的复合、叠加严格受复合海平面变动的控制。巨厚鲕滩形成于低频海平面变化的回落时期,但复合叠加于低频海平面变化中的级海平面变化更直接地控制着鲕滩建造的时空发育、进积迁移。鲕滩微相中鲕粒组构特征则主要与高频海平面变化相关。鲕滩高频海平面变化旋回层序的厚度频率分布、不同级次旋回叠加比率和样式以及大范围空间上的连续可比性规律可能说明它们受地球轨道参数周期性变动的控制。轨道旋回层序具有的特定变化时间周期和频率使得旋回地层学具有了年代学意义,可以对重要地层段、事件层及生物带高精度测年。应用旋回地层学的研究得到了中寒武世毛庄\徐庄\张夏期的界线(面)年龄,即毛庄(期)\徐庄(期)为530.50Ma、徐庄(期)\张夏(期)为526.90Ma,与前人应用生物年代地层学等方法得到的年龄值极为一致。     

The genesis of Lofer cycles of the Dachstein Limestone,Northern Calcareous Alps,Austria

Peritidal carbonate platform Lofer cycles have been regarded as a record of sea-level oscillations driven by variations in the earth's orbit. Fresh analysis of a newly measured 700 m thick section from the Steinernes Meer is presented here. Estimation of stratigraphic completeness indicates that this sequence is only 0.75–9.5% complete, strongly suggesting that Milankovitch patterns are not preserved. Analysis of cycle thickness-frequency distributions reveals an exponential pattern, strongly suggestive of aperiodic, random deposition rather than periodic deposition in response to orbital forcing. Evidence for the importance of autocyclic processes (e.g. lateral migration of inter- to supratidal mudbanks and subtidal areas) and syn-sedimentary tectonic downfaulting events within this already active Late Triassic extensional zone is presented.     

华北地台中寒武世鲕滩碳酸盐旋回沉积、古海平面变动控制及旋回年代学研究

华北地台中寒武世鲕滩碳酸盐沉积序列中具有特征的低频(级)和高频(级-级)旋回层序叠加样式和规律。旋回层序内部的沉积构成、微相组构、成岩特点以及高频旋回的复合、叠加严格受复合海平面变动的控制。巨厚鲕滩形成于低频海平面变化的回落时期,但复合叠加于低频海平面变化中的级海平面变化更直接地控制着鲕滩建造的时空发育、进积迁移。鲕滩微相中鲕粒组构特征则主要与高频海平面变化相关。鲕滩高频海平面变化旋回层序的厚度频率分布、不同级次旋回叠加比率和样式以及大范围空间上的连续可比性规律可能说明它们受地球轨道参数周期性变动的控制。轨道旋回层序具有的特定变化时间周期和频率使得旋回地层学具有了年代学意义,可以对重要地层段、事件层及生物带高精度测年。应用旋回地层学的研究得到了中寒武世毛庄\徐庄\张夏期的界线(面)年龄,即毛庄(期)\徐庄(期)为530.50Ma、徐庄(期)\张夏(期)为526.90Ma,与前人应用生物年代地层学等方法得到的年龄值极为一致。     

Continuity and facies heterogeneities of shallow carbonate ramp cycles (Sinemurian,Lower Jurassic,North‐east Spain)

The lateral continuity and facies heterogeneities of metre‐scale cycles in a greenhouse Lower Jurassic (Sinemurian) carbonate ramp from the northern Iberian Basin (Spain) was evaluated from extensive field analysis carried out on a well‐exposed 12 km long outcrop. Eleven high‐frequency continuous cycles and their bounding surfaces are traceable laterally through the entire outcrop. However, three of these cycles are found to split laterally into discontinuous cycles of more limited distribution (up to 3 to 5 km of lateral extent). The continuous and discontinuous cycles have a similar field expression in one‐dimensional logs. As a consequence, the number of cycles that can be differentiated is variable along the logged sections (i.e. from 11 to 16). Cycles have variable facies heterogeneities and sedimentary trends depending on the environment of formation: shallowing‐upward and symmetrical cycles occur in protected lagoon–tidal flat areas and in the open‐marine, high‐energy domain. These cycles show significant facies heterogeneities, which were controlled mainly by lateral migration of a mosaic of facies over an irregular topography. Deepening‐upward and aggradational cycles are generated in low‐energy, sub wave‐base, open‐marine areas. Facies are laterally homogeneous, reflecting low potential for carbonate accumulation and inability to fill the created accommodation space in this low‐relief and relatively deep area. Cycle boundaries are generated by stages of rapid accommodation gain, involving the flooding of the carbonate ramp; they are more likely to originate from regional tectonic pulses (related to the extensional tectonics operating in the northern Iberian Basin) rather than greenhouse low‐amplitude eustacy. Discontinuous cycles tend to occur in thickened areas and are interpreted as originating from the infill of wedge‐shaped accommodation space resulting from differential subsidence (i.e. local tectonic pulses). In conclusion, where thickness variations occur in extensional settings lateral continuity of cycles should not be expected. In less well‐exposed, or in one‐dimensional sections and in wells, it would not be possible to distinguish continuous from discontinuous cycles, or to understand such two‐dimensional heterogeneities. Identification of unique cycle‐forming mechanisms or attempting cyclostratigraphic long‐distance correlation of cycles is unrealistic without a detailed analysis of the architecture of cycles in laterally continuous outcrops.     

黔东湘西寒武纪碳酸盐台地边缘和斜坡沉积特征及大陆边缘构造性质讨论

本文研究了寒武纪台地边缘和斜坡沉积特征、沉积模式演化及与扬子板块东南缘构造演化的关系,认为该区从寒武纪到早奥陶世为长期发育以加积和推进为主的碳酸盐台地;该区长期处于稳定下沉的构造背景,说明扬子板块东南缘已进入成熟被动陆缘阶段。在台地和斜坡上形成向上变浅或向上先变粗后变细的沉积旋回。并着重论述了斜坡碎屑流沉积类型、特征和成因机制;其碳酸盐碎屑流主要为复合支撑机制,其流动过程中普遍存在脉动性或波动性及流动转化现象;系统建立了寒武纪台地边缘模式及演化序列;探讨了板块构造演化与成矿作用关系,指出湘黔汞矿带、铅锌矿带可能与逆冲席有关。     

High-resolution cyclostratigraphic analysis from magnetic susceptibility in a Lower Kimmeridgian (Upper Jurassic) marl–limestone succession (La Méouge,Vocontian Basin,France)

High-resolution magnetic susceptibility (MS) analysis was carried out on a Lower Kimmeridgian alternating marl–limestone succession of pelagic origin that crops out at La Méouge (Vocontian Basin, southeastern France). The aim of the study was to characterize the strong, dm-scale sedimentary cyclicity of the succession at a very high resolution, and to analyze the cycles for evidence of astronomical forcing. From marl to limestone, MS varies progressively and closely tracks the highest frequency cyclicity corresponding to the basic marl–limestone couplets. Long-term wavelength cycling modulates the high-frequency cyclicity (couplets), and appears to be controlled by clay content. Spectral analysis of the MS record reveals the presence of the complete suite of orbital frequencies in the precession, obliquity, and eccentricity (95–128 ka and 405 ka) bands with very high amplitude of the precession index cycles originating from dm-scale couplets. 405 ka-eccentricity cycles are very pronounced in the MS maxima of the marl members of the couplets, suggesting eccentricity-driven detrital input to the basin. 405 ka-orbital tuning of the MS maxima further sharpens all of the orbital frequencies present in the succession. These results are similar to those of previous studies at La Méouge that used carbonate content observed in field. Our results are also in accordance with cyclostratigraphic studies in Spain and Canada that report dominant precession index forcing. By contrast, in the Kimmeridge Clay (Dorset, UK), obliquity forcing dominates cyclic sedimentation, with weaker influence from the precession index. Ammonite zone duration estimates are made by counting the interpreted precession cycles, and provide an ultra-high resolution assessment of geologic time. In sum, this study demonstrates the power of the MS as a proxy in characterizing the high-resolution cyclostratigraphy of Mesozoic sections, particularly in alternating marl–limestone successions, and for high-resolution correlation and astronomical calibration of the geologic time scale.     

Orbital forcing recorded in subtidal cycles from a Lower Miocene siliciclastic–carbonate ramp system (Central Italy)

Metre-scale siliciclastic–carbonate cycles are the basic depositional motif of the lower Miocene Guadagnolo Formation outcropping in the central Apennines. The mechanisms which formed the mixed-lithology cycles are still a matter of debate. The mixed siliciclastic–carbonate system discussed in this paper provides a new case study to illustrate the role of orbital forcing in controlling the facies evolution and cyclic stacking of small-scale sequences deposited on the outer sector of a ramp. Two sections are discussed that display mixed siliciclastics and carbonates arranged in upward-shallowing cycles. Each cycle shows an upward decrease in the terrigenous input and a parallel increase in benthic fauna. Time-series analyses indicate the cyclic carbonate-terrigenous pattern to be largely controlled by orbital forcing in the Milankovitch frequency band. Coupling of climate change and sea-level fluctuations in tune with orbital cycles are proposed as driving mechanisms.     

北京下苇甸地区张夏组沉积环境及沉积模式

北京下苇甸张夏组作为华北寒武系的标准剖面之一,一直以来是广大地质学者研究的重点。通过野外观察、实测,并结合室内薄片鉴定、XRD测试等技术,对北京西山下苇甸张夏组的岩性特征进行了详细的分析,结合其特征,对张夏组沉积相做了细致划分。通过研究,该区张夏组主要发育碎屑岩浅海相及碳酸盐岩台地相沉积,其中碎屑岩浅海主要发育过渡亚相及页岩局限浅海亚相;台地相主要发育局限台地、滩、潮坪亚相。通过岩性特征观察及剖面相组合,首次对研究区的滩进行了划分,将滩分为高能滩及间歇高能滩。总体上,张夏组表现为一个典型的离岸缓坡碳酸盐岩台地沉积模式,由下向上水体加深,陆源碎屑沉积逐渐往后迁移,被碳酸盐岩沉积所取代,台地成熟。     

南秦岭寒武-奥陶纪碳酸岩台地演化

南秦岭早古生代碳酸岩台地属于扬子板块北部被动大陆边缘。台地经历了３个演化阶段:①下-中寒武统缓坡沉积阶段；②中寒武统-下奥陶统镶边陆棚沉积阶段；③中-上奥陶统混合陆棚沉积阶段。下志留统的进积陆源碎屑沉积淹没了全区。从台地相带的展布规律和古地理轮廓推测，早古生代时台地北侧可能存在一个已消失了的古陆。     

Developmental history of Paleozoic structure of Hsieh-fen-shan region of western Hunan and problem of boundary of Southwest Platform

The Paleozoic tectonic evolution of Hsieh-fen-shan, western Hunan, belongs to the Caledonian and Hercynian tectonic cycles. The base of the lower Paleozoic group is defined by a geographical unconformity; the Sinian system unconformably overlies the Pan-ch'i group of the Proterozoic. The Hsieh-fen movement represented by this unconformity had not transformed this area into a platform. The lower Paleozoic group may be divided into four structural stages: Lower Sinian, Upper Sinian-Cambrian, Lower Ordovician and Middle Ordovician-Silurian. These stages are represented by the corresponding sedimentary formations: lower terrigenous elastic formation, siliceous and carbonate rocks intercalated with shale, flush formation and upper terrigenous elastic. Due to the absence of magmatic activity it is believed to be of the miogeosyncline type. In the Variscan cycle this area was already consolidated and partly covered with upper Paleozoic neoplatform sediments. Hereditary characters of the early Paleozoic tectonic evolution are obvious. According to the isopachous maps there occurred a strong tectonic differentiation at the end of the Cambrian. In Early Ordovician a northeast extended flysch geosyncline formed, and to the west of it, an uplifted denudation region. The eastern part of the uplifted region rose strongly, in parallel with the flysch geosyncline and with similar dimensions, and may be considered a geanticline. The geosyncline and geanticline have asymmetrical forms, their neighboring flanks being steeper than their opposite ones. Consequently the existence of a so-called pre-Sinian Hsieh-fen axis has not been proved and the boundaries of the Southwestern Platform with the adjoining southeastern Caledonian fold may be located approximately along T'ao-yuan, Yuan-ling Chen-chi, Hsin-Hua and Ch'ien-yang. – Authors.     

鄂西宜昌地区寒武系常规、非常规天然气显示及勘探意义

鄂西寒武系具有良好的油气成藏条件,但由于地层时代早、经历构造运动次数多,勘探成果不理想。近期在宜昌地区寒武系水井沱组获得页岩气流,并在寒武系天河板组、石龙洞组等多套层系获得了天然气显示,表明鄂西宜昌地区是寒武系页岩气、天然气的有利勘探区。以储集层为核心划分出水井沱组页岩气、天河板组-石龙洞组常规天然气成藏组合。寒武系水井沱组页岩生烃潜力大、含气性高,以页岩中的有机质孔和微裂缝作为储集空间,构成自生自储的页岩气藏;水井沱组页岩气测试获工业气流,气体组分中甲烷含量超过90%。宜地2井天河板组发生井喷,气体成分以甲烷为主,储集空间主要为半充填状裂缝和溶孔,地层水为氯化镁型,保存条件中等。石龙洞组砂屑云岩储层具有累计厚度大、低孔中低渗并局部发育高孔渗段的特点。以水井沱组富有机质页岩为烃源岩,以天河板组灰岩裂缝和石龙洞组白云岩孔洞为储集空间,以覃家庙组含膏云岩和云质膏岩为盖层,组成垂向供烃的生储盖组合。油气成藏演化史分析表明,寒武系烃源岩在早志留世开始生油,早二叠世开始生气,晚三叠世达到生气高峰期,经历了多期次构造运动的改造,现全部转化为气态烃。宜昌地区为页岩气有利区,也是天河板组-石龙洞组常规天然气勘探的有利区。上述认识对鄂西地区寒武系天然气勘探领域的拓展具有重要指导意义。     

黔南坳陷海相优质烃源岩的生烃潜力及时空分布

黔南坳陷典型古油气藏的精细解剖对南方海相油气勘探有借鉴意义.本文利用沉积、有机岩石学和地球化学等综合手段,建立了黔南坳陷麻江古油藏、凯里残余油气藏地区和雪峰隆起西缘的二叠系-震旦系地球化学综合剖面,重点探讨了该地区优质烃源岩的生烃潜力和时空分布.黔东南地区,纵向自震旦系至二叠系均有烃源岩发育,其中早寒武世初期和二叠纪发育有两套优质烃源岩,以下寒武统盆地相、斜坡相的黑色页岩发育最好,有机质丰度高(TOC普遍大于2%),类型好(偏腐殖型),厚度大,是气候变暖、海平面上升和生物大爆发等全球性重大地质事件的耦合作用下,由热液活动、上升洋流等共同引起的高古生产力和缺氧环境控制的产物,是本地区大中型油气田形成的主要物质基础.二叠纪盆地相和泻湖相中发育的优质烃源岩对黔中隆起及其周缘地区油气成藏也具有重要作用.     

黔中地区多期构造演化、差异变形与油气保存条件

黔中地区构造演化经历了基底、原特提斯、古特提斯和新特提斯等四大旋回,进一步划分为早期裂谷(前南华纪)、台地-被动大陆边缘(南华纪-志留纪)、台地-陆内裂谷(泥盆纪-二叠纪)、稳定台地(早、中三叠世)、陆相断陷(晚三叠世-古近纪)和断褶隆升(新近纪-第四纪)等6个阶段.控制黔中地区构造-沉积格局的关键构造变革期为都匀运动、广西运动、印支中期运动、燕山晚期运动和喜马拉雅运动.黔中地区差异构造变形特征十分明显,自东往西可以划分为4个构造带,即雪峰构造带、麻江-凯里构造带、黔中构造带和黔西北构造带等.受NW-WNW向展布的构造转换带控制,黔中地区在南北方向上具有构造分段性特征.黔中地区具有盖层多样性特征,主要发育3类盖层,即盐岩、泥页岩和致密碳酸盐岩.盐岩类盖层分布局限.构成区域性封盖条件的泥页岩主要分布在下寒武统(牛蹄塘组和金顶山组)和中下志留统(翁项群),分布较稳定.致密碳酸盐岩盖层可能以下寒武统清虚洞组灰岩和泥灰岩最为有利.     

Anatomy of a cyclically packaged Mesoproterozoic carbonate ramp in northern Canada

Carbonates in the upper member of the Mesoproterozoic Victor Bay Formation are dominated by lime mud and packaged in cycles of 20–50 m. These thicknesses exceed those of classic shallowing-upward cycles by almost a factor of 10. Stratigraphic and sedimentological evidence suggests high-amplitude, high-frequency glacio-eustatic cyclicity, and thus a cool global climate ca. 1.2 Ga.The Victor Bay ramp is one of several late Proterozoic carbonate platforms where the proportions of lime mud, carbonate grains, and microbialites are more typical of younger Phanerozoic successions which followed the global waning of stromatolites. Facies distribution in the study area is compatible with deposition on a low-energy, microtidal, distally steepened ramp. Outer-ramp facies are hemipelagic lime mudstone, shale, carbonaceous rhythmite, and debrites. Mid-ramp facies are molar-tooth limestone tempestite with microspar-intraclast lags. In a marine environment where stromatolitic and oolitic facies were otherwise rare, large stromatolitic reefs developed at the mid-ramp, coeval with inner-ramp facies of microspar grainstone, intertidal dolomitic microbial laminite, and supratidal evaporitic red shale.Deep-subtidal, outer-ramp cycles occur in the southwestern part of the study area. Black dolomitic shale at the base is overlain by ribbon, nodular, and carbonaceous carbonate facies, all of which exhibit signs of synsedimentary disruption. Cycles in the northeast are shallow-subtidal and peritidal in character. Shallow-subtidal cycles consist of basal deep-water facies, and an upper layer of subtidal molar-tooth limestone tempestite interbedded with microspar calcarenite facies. Peritidal cycles are identical to shallow-subtidal cycles except that they contain a cap of dolomitic tidal-flat microbial laminite, and rarely of red shale sabkha facies or of sandy polymictic conglomerate. A transect along the wall of a valley extending 8.5 km perpendicular to depositional strike reveals progradation of inner-ramp tidal flats over outer- and mid-ramp facies during shoaling. The maximum basinward progradation of peritidal facies coincides with a zone of slope failure that may have promoted the development of the stromatolitic reefs.The sea-level history of the Victor Bay Formation is represented by three hectometre-scale sequences. An initial flooding event resulted in deposition of the lower Victor Bay shale member. Upper-member carbonate cycles were then deposited during highstand. Mid-ramp slumping was followed by late-highstand reef development. The second sequence began with development of an inner-ramp lowstand unconformity and a thick mid-ramp lowstand wedge. A second transgression promoted a more modest phase of reef development at the mid-ramp and shallow-water deposition continued inboard. A third and final transgressive episode eventually led to flooding of the backstepping ramp.Overall consistent cycle thickness and absence of truncated cycles, as well as the high rate and amount of creation of accommodation space, suggest that the periodicity and amplitude of sea-level fluctuation were relatively uniform, and point to a eustatic rather than tectonic mechanism of relative sea-level change. High-amplitude, high-frequency eustatic sea-level change is characteristic of icehouse worlds in which short-term, large-scale sea-level fluctuations accompany rapidly changing ice volumes affected by Milankovitch orbital forcing. Packaging of cyclic Upper Victor Bay carbonates therefore supports the hypothesis of a late Mesoproterozoic glacial period, as proposed by previous workers.     

From Cycles to Sequences:Sequence Stratigraphy and Relative Sea Level Change for the Late Cambrian of the North China Platform

In the Late Cambrian, the North China Platform was a typical carbonate ramp platform. The Upper Cambrian of the northern part of the North China Platform is famous for the development of bioherm limestones and storm calcirudites and can be divided from bottom to top into the Gushan, Changshan and Fengshan formations. In this set of strata, the deep-ramp mudstone and marls and the shallow-ramp packstones and grainstones constitute many carbonate meter-scale cycles of subtidal type. More tidal-flat dolomites axe developed in the Upper Cambrian of the southern margin of the North China platform, in which limestone and dolomite beds also constitute many carbonate meter-scale cycles of the peritidal type. These cycles are marked by a variety of litho-facies successions. There are regularly vertical stacking patterns of meter-scale cycles in long-term third-order sequences, which is the key to discerning such sequences. Third-order sequence is marked by a particular sedimentary-facies succession that is the result of the environment-changing process of deepening and shoaling, which is genetically related to third-order sea level changes. Furthermore, four third-order sequences can be grouped in the Upper Cambrian of the North China Platform. The main features of these four third-order sequences in the northern part of the platform can be summarized as follows: firstly, sequence-boundaries are characterized by drowning unconformities; secondly, the sedimentary-facies succession is generally constituted by one from deep-ramp facies to shallow-ramp facies; thirdly, a succession of “CS (?) HST” (i.e., “condensed section and highstand system”) forms these four third-order sequences. The chief features for the third-order sequences in the southern part of the North China Platform comprises: more dolomites are developed in the HSTs of third-order sequences and also developed more carbonate meter-scale cycles of peritidal types; the sedimentary-facies succession of the third-order sequences is marked by “shallow ramp-tidal flat”; the sequence boundaries are characterized by exposure punctuated surfaces. According to the changes for the third-order sequences from the north to the south, a regular sequence-stratigraphic framework can be established. From cycles to sequences, the study of sequence stratigraphy from litho-facies successions to sedimentary-facies successions exposes that as follows: meter-scale cycles that are used as the basic working unit actually are litho-facies successions formed by the mechanism of a punctuated aggradational cycle, and third-order sequences that are constituted by regularly vertical stacking patterns of meter-scale cycles are marked by sedimentary-facies successions. On the basis of the changing curve of water depth at each section, the curve of the relative third-order sea level changes in the late Cambrian of the North China Platform can be integrated qualitatively from changing curve of water depth. The correlation of Late Cambrian long-term sea level changes between North China and North America demonstrates that there are not only similarities but also differences, reflecting control of long-term sea level changes both by global eustacy and by regional factors.     

Development of carbonate platforms on an extensional (rifted) margin: the Valanginian–Albian record of the Prebetic of Alicante (SE Spain)

Within the upper Valanginian to upper Albian deposits of the easternmost part of the Prebetic Zone of the Betic Cordillera (Iberian Peninsula), seven lithostratigraphic formations made up of shallow-water carbonate and carbonate-siliciclastic sediments and of outer-platform hemipelagic sediments have been recognized. These formations were deposited in the most distal part of a platform that developed on the Southern Iberian Continental Palaeomargin. The geodynamic context was a margin affected by extensional or transtensional faults that produced tilted blocks. The interval studied records three major second-order transgressive-regressive facies cycles: (I) A late Valanginian to earliest Aptian cycle, mostly represented by hemipelagic and condensed sedimentation, with the development of a tectonically controlled high without sedimentation that separated two sectors with different sedimentary evolution and that ended with an episode of shallow-water carbonate platform development; (II) An earliest to latest Aptian cycle, with a transgressive phase represented by a retrogradational shallow-water carbonate platform capped by a drowning event leading to hemipelagic sedimentation, which was affected by an anoxic event (OAE 1a); the regressive phase is represented by progradation and aggradation of shallow-water carbonate deposits. Finally (III) a latest Aptian to early-late Albian cycle that records the expansion of mixed platform deposits in the entire area, ending with a phase of shallow-water carbonate platform development. Extensional tectonics leading to spatial and temporal changes in subsidence patterns is envisaged as the main control on sedimentation at a local scale, resulting in notable lateral changes in thickness as the main signature. Tectonics exerted a strong control on the distribution of sedimentary environments only during Cycle I. At a higher order, sea-level fluctuations are responsible for sequential organization, and environmental factors determined shallow-water carbonate platform development and demise, as well as oceanic anoxic events. The relevant continuity of the stratigraphic record in the distal part of the Prebetic platform has led to the recognition of events related to cycle boundaries, which result mainly from a combination of tectonics and sea-level changes.     

鄂北南化地区寒武纪缓坡沉积及层序

出露于鄂北南化地区的寒武纪地层，总厚约１４００ｍ，主体为一套碳酸盐岩。对沉积岩相及相组合的分析表明，本区寒武系主要是形成于碳酸盐缓坡之上，并可以划分出四种主要的沉积相带:浅水陆棚、深水缓坡、浅水缓坡建隆和近岸浅水缓坡。本文还初步研究了区内寒武系露头的层序地层学特征，划分出两个亚层序，并探讨了亚层序内部岩相的不同叠置类型及其在时间上的演化与相应的海平面升降变化。通过与已有的旋回性海平面变化模式相对比，得出了本区寒武纪层序内部的次级旋回可能指示第三级海平面变化旋回的认识。     

塔里木盆地古生界不同成因斜坡带特征与油气成藏组合

塔里木盆地古隆起和古斜坡控制油气富集已为勘探实践所证实。古生界广泛分布的斜坡带按其成因特点可分为3类:即地层形成期的沉积建造斜坡、构造变革改造期的侵蚀地貌斜坡和构造抬升翘倾作用形成的构造斜坡。不同类型的斜坡带发育了不同的油气成藏组合:沉积建造斜坡带发育了以礁滩体为主要储层、致密碳酸盐岩或上奥陶统泥岩为主要盖层的成藏组合;岩溶斜坡带发育了不同层系岩溶储层(中、下奥陶统岩溶储层、上奥陶统岩溶储层和寒武系白云岩储层)与不同层系泥岩盖层(上奥陶统泥岩盖层、志留系泥岩盖层和石炭系下泥岩段盖层)构成的成藏组合;地层超覆斜坡带在志留系和上泥盆统—石炭系形成了以地层超覆圈闭为主、构造-地层(或岩性)圈闭为辅、泥岩段为盖层的成藏组合。