西秦岭中生代花岗岩类岩浆作用及成矿

西秦岭是我国重要的有色金属和贵金属成矿省。本文论述了该地区主要矿床的空间分布特点;分析讨论了主要成矿带和矿集区中的矿化组合及其与花岗岩类的空间、时间和成因关系。提出该地区大规模成矿作用出现在220~100Ma之间,最高峰值为170Ma左右。花岗岩类岩浆作用及成矿相应的地球动力学背景为陆—陆碰撞造山运动的晚期表现为一侧陆壳向另一侧陆壳之下的俯冲叠置过程。中生代花岗岩类在成因上与陆壳的俯冲有联系,大多属高钾钙碱性系列。部分为钾玄武岩系列,它们来自加厚的下地壳。部分花岗岩类具壳幔混合成因。一个地区花岗岩类的Pb-Sm-Nd同位素主要受该地区源岩基底地层的控制,因此同一地区花岗岩类具有相近的Pb-Sm-Nd同位素特征。基底地层对花岗岩类的分布成因类型、有关的成矿作用具有重要的控制作用。依据花岗岩Sr和Yb的含量,本文将该地区花岗岩类大致分为两类:埃达克岩和喜马拉雅型花岗岩。铜钼矿大都同埃达克岩有关,而两类花岗岩均可形成金矿。     

燕山地区侏罗纪-白垩纪岩浆活动特征及其与造山演化的关系

根据燕山地区侏罗纪—早白垩世岩浆岩的同位素年代学和化学成分资料，以及该地区构造变形序列，初步总结了燕山造山带岩浆活动时间序列和岩性组合：第一阶段的代表是早侏罗世英安岩和玄武岩；第二阶段以中侏罗世中性火山岩和闪长岩—石英二长岩／花岗闪长岩—花岗岩侵入岩组合为标志；第三阶段表现为晚侏罗世中、酸性火山岩和闪长岩—石英二长岩—正长岩—花岗岩侵入岩组合的活动；第四阶段为早白垩世早期安粗岩和流纹岩以及闪长岩—石英二长岩—正长岩—碱性正长岩—花岗岩侵入岩组合为标志；第五阶段以120Ma以后发育的小规模火山岩和花岗岩—碱性花岗岩组合为标志。与之相对应，燕山造山带侏罗纪—白垩纪造山过程演化模式为：玄武岩底侵、地壳物质熔融形成安粗岩和流纹岩岩浆→地壳被加热并弱化→推覆构造发育、地壳增厚→后造山崩塌。     

Composition,Age, and Origin of Cretaceous Granitic Magmatism on the Eastern Chukchi Peninsula

New geochronological and isotopic geochemical data are given, which make it possible to recognize two types of granitic rocks on the eastern Chukchi Peninsula. Early Cretaceous Tkachen and Dolina granitic plutons with zircon ages (U–Pb SIMS) of 119–122 and 131–136 Ma are related to the first type. They cut through Devonian–Lower Carboniferous basement rocks and are overlain by the Aptian–Albian Etelkuyum Formation. Basal units of the latter contain fragments of granitic rocks. Late Cretaceous Provideniya and Rumilet granitic plutons, which contain zircons with ages of 94 and 85 Ma (U–Pb SIMS), respectively, belong to the second type. They cut through volcanic–sedimentary rocks of the Etelkuyum and Leurvaam formations pertaining to the Okhotsk–Chukotka Volcanic Belt. In petrographic and geochemical features, the Early Cretaceous granitic rocks of the Tkachen Pluton are commensurable with I-type granites, while Late Cretaceous granite of the Rumilet Pluton is comparable to A₂-type granite. The Sr–Nd isotopic data provide evidence that from the Early Cretaceous Tkachen and Dolina plutons to the Late Cretaceous Provideniya and Rumilet plutons, the degree of crustal assimilation of suprasubduction mantle-derived melts increases up to partial melting of heterogeneous continental crust enriched in rubidium. An unconformity and various degrees of secondary alteration of volcanic–sedimentary rocks have been established in the Okhotsk–Chukotka Volcanic Belt, and this was apparently caused by transition of the tectonic setting from suprasubduction to a transform margin with local extension.     

Silurian Granitoid Magmatism of the Rassokha Terrane (North-East Russia)

Doklady Earth Sciences - U–Pb dating of zircons from granitoids located within the Rassokha terrane show a Silurian age of their formation. Younger dates from one of the samples are related...     

塔里木盆地东北部新元古代花岗质岩浆活动及其地质意义

库车坳陷东部侵入于元古宇基底变质岩中的黑云母二长花岗岩属于高钾钙碱性岩系,岩石具有富硅(SiO2=75.77%～77.79%)、高碱(Na2O+K2O=6.90%～7.95%)、富钾(K2O/Na2O=1.21～1.98)、低TiO2(0.06%～0.13%,平均0.08%)和准铝质(铝饱和指数A/CNK=0.92～1...     

Granitoid Types Related to Cretaceous Plutonic Au-Quartz Vein and Cu-Fe Skarn Deposits, Kitakami Mountains, Japan

Abstract. Early Cretaceous granitic intrusions are associated with Au‐quartz veins and Cu‐Fe skarns in the the Kitakami Mountains, which are underlain by the late Paleozoic of continental margin‐type sedimentary rocks and Mesozoic accretionary complexes. The plutonic rocks are divided into potassic, high‐Sr/Y calc‐alkaline and low‐Sr/Y calc‐alkaline series. All the metallic mineral deposits are spatially associated with small stocks and plugs; they show no consistent association with the larger plutonic bodies. The plutonic rocks generally belong to the magnetite series but less oxidized in the southwestern part of the Kitakami Mountains where Au‐quartz veins occur. The gold deposits are classified into high and low sulfide types. The high sulfide type contains a high volume of sulfide minerals mostly of chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite with low bulk Au/Ag ratios. This type occurs almost exclusively in and surrounding the Orikabe pluton, including two most important gold deposits (Oya and Kohoku) of the Kitakami Mountains. The pluton is composed of potassic gabbroids, potassic granitoids of the shoshonite ‐ high‐K calc‐alkaline series (Orikabe type), and less potassic Sasamori‐type granodiorite. All these rocks belong to a moderately oxidized magnetite series. The Orikabe pluton has one of the lowest initial Sr ratio (0.70392) in the Kitakami Mountains, and the Au‐Cu‐dominant ore components of the high sulfide type Au deposits are considered magmatic in origin carried by the juvenile magmas from the upper mantle. The low sulfide type is generally plain quartz vein with a low volume of sulfides and a high bulk Au/Ag ratio. The associated minerals are often scheelite and/or arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite. The ore deposits include historically famed Au‐quartz veins at Shishiori and Ogayu. They are widespread in the southwestern Kitakami Mountains and may be later than the high sulfide type in age, and are hosted most commonly in the sedimentary rocks, which surround small weakly oxidized magnetite‐series plutons of low to intermediate Sr/Y series. These less differentiated intrusions typically include quartz dior‐ite and granodiorite. Some ore components of this type may have derived from the host sedimentary rocks. Among other mineral deposit types in the region, the largest ore deposit is Kamaishi Cu‐Fe skarn (magnetite ores of 58 MT, Fe 50–64 %; Cu 143 KT). It is related to the high‐Sr/Y series Ganidake granodiorite stock, which is a strongly oxidized magnetite‐series body. In contrast, the second largest deposit in the mountains, Akagane deposit, is a similar‐type skarn but associated with an intrusion classified as less oxidized, ilmenite to intermediate series, and that is intermediate in Sr/Y of calc‐alkaline series granodiorite. Degree of magmatic differentiation appears to be not critical factor in the formation of Au‐quartz vein and Cu‐Fe skarn deposits in the region, but is definitely significant for controlling the distribution of the Mo‐mineralization to the east.     

辽东五龙金矿周缘早白垩世花岗岩体侵位深度及其地质意义

早白垩世岩浆活动对辽东半岛五龙地区金矿形成可能具有明显的制约作用,并可能为含金流体提供了热源及动力.五龙金矿南、北早白垩世三股流岩体和五龙背岩体角闪石-斜长石温压计计算结果表明,这2个岩体角闪石结晶温度为640.8～757.4℃,对应岩浆的侵位深度为5.9～9.7 km.角闪石TiO2-Al2O3图解表明,三股流和五龙...     

塔里木盆地东北部新元古代花岗质岩浆活动及地质意义

库车坳陷东部侵入于元古宇基底变质岩中的黑云母二长花岗岩属于高钾钙碱性岩系,岩石具有富硅(SiO2=75.77%～77.79%)、高碱(Na2O+K2O=6.90%～7.95%)、富钾(K2O/Na2O=1.21～1.98)、低TiO2(0.06%～0.13%,平均0.08%)和准铝质(铝饱和指数A/CNK=0.92～1.15,平均1.07)的特点.岩石明显富集Rb、Th、K、Nd、Hf、Zr、Tb、Y和Yb,亏损Ba、U、Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Sm、Ti等元素,具有明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.06～0.11,平均0.10).地球化学特征表明该花岗岩起源于中-下地壳的部分熔融.对花岗岩进行的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素地质年代学研究,获得了646.5±3.9 Ma的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄,说明花岗岩形成于早震旦世,而不是以前认为的石炭纪.结合区域地质资料分析认为,这次岩浆事件是塔里木地块基底在Rodinia超大陆裂解过程中的产物.     

New Promising Gold-Ore Objects in the Strelna Greenstone Belt,Kola Peninsula

Data on gold ore objects in the Strelna Greenstone Belt in the southeastern Kola Peninsula are presented in the paper. The studied Vorgovy and Sergozero ore occurrences are localized in the zone of tectonic contact of the Neoarchean complexes making up the greenstone belt and the volcanic–sedimentary sequences of the Paleoproterozoic Imandra–Varzuga Zone. The Vorgovy gold occurrence is related to stockwork of carbonate–quartz veins and veinlets hosted in a biotite gneiss transformed into chlorite–sericite–quartz metasomatic rock with pyrrhotite–arsenopyrite dissemination. The Sergozero occurrence is localized in amphibolites corresponding to komatiitic and tholeiitic basalts hosted in biotite gneiss (metapelite). Mineralization is confined to the zone of tectonized contact between komatiitic and tholeiitic basalts, where it is controlled by a strip of metasomatic biotite–calcite rock with gersdorffite–arsenopyrite dissemination. The native gold grains medium to high in fineness are up to 0.1 mm in size and mainly localized at the contact of arsenopyrite and gersdorffite with gangue minerals. Gold mineralization is of superimposed character, and, as indicated by isotopic geochronology, was formed at the retrograde stage of the Svecofennian regional metamorphism. Comparison of ore occurrences localized in the Strelna Greenstone Belt with gold deposits in greenstone belts of the western Fennoscandian Shield and the Superior Province in Canada allows us to suggest a high perspective of the entire Strelna Belt for gold.     

Stages of Granitoid Magmatism and Formation of the Continental Crust of Eastern Arctic

Geotectonics - Three main stages of granitoid magmatism and continental crust formation of Eastern Arctic are distinguished: Neoproterozoic (750–550 Ma), Devonian–Early Carboniferous...     

Tectonic Structure and Geodynamic Settings of Neoproterozoic Granitoid Magmatism of the Eastern Arctic

Doklady Earth Sciences - The correlation of Neoproterozoic granitoid magmatism of the New Siberian Islands, Wrangel Island, Chukotka, the Chukchi Borderland, and Northern Alaska indicates integrity...     

Similarity and Differences of Cretaceous Magmatism in the Arctic Region

The paper considers Cretaceous magmatism at the continental margin of the Arctic Region. It is shown that Cretaceous igneous rocks of this region are rather heterogeneous in age, composition, and geodynamic formation setting. This differentiates them from rocks of typical large igneous provinces (LIPs). Local areas of magmatic activity, their substantial remoteness them from one another, and significant distinctions in age, composition of rocks, and formation conditions prevent us from unreservedly combining all occurrences of Cretaceous magmatism at the continental margin of the Arctic Region into a common igneous province. The stage of tholeiitic magmatism in the Svalbard Archipelago, Franz Josef Land, Arctic Canada, and the Alpha–Mendeleev Rise, which can be considered an LIP, began in the Early Cretaceous and continued for a long time, at least until the Campanian. The magmatism apparently had a plume source and was caused by extension during opening of the Canada Basin. Tholeiitic magmatism gave way to the alkaline magmatism stage from the Campanian to the onset of the Paleocene, related to continental rifting at the initial stage of formation of Eurasian Basin in the Arctic Region. No convincing evidence for a genetic link between Early Cretaceous tholeiitic and Late Cretaceous alkaline magmatism is known at present, nor for the alkaline magmatism belonging to a plume source.     

Early Cenozoic volcanism of the Kolyuchin-Mechigmen graben, Chukotka Peninsula

The paper reports new isotope-geochemical data on Late Paleocene-Early Eocene basalts from the central part of the Kolyuchin-Mechigmen graben, eastern Chukotka Peninsula. The distribution of the major and trace elements and trace-element ratios indicates that the basalts were formed in a marginal-continental rift setting. The peculiar feature of the basalts is a combination of depleted within-plate and suprasubduction geochemical signatures, which make the volcanic rocks from Mt. Otdel’naya different from rocks of suprasubduction volcanic belts and from tholeiites and alkaline lavas of continental rifts and oceanic islands. Extremely high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios in the studied basalts as compared to those of similar volcanic rocks from extension zones are probably related to the involvement of carbonate material in the magma generation zone.     

Relations between volcanism and granitic intrusions in West Chukotka

Granite massifs closely associated with effusives constitute a long series, from diorites and syenite-granites to potassic granites. Each variety has its petrographic and petrochemical analogues among effusive rocks. This is proof positive of their magmatic origin. In each specific instance, differences in the original composition and in means by which a connection between the intrusive and effusive magmas is achieved controlled the trend of chemical differentiation. The minor effusive fields, closely related to large granitic massifs,are characterized by their complex structure, the presence of contemporaneous rocks of different composition, irregular stratification, abundance of coarse tuffs, and fairly common homogeneous inclusions of almost completely crystallized rocks. Such rocks vary in composition from highly acidic (ignimbrites) to fairly basic, with a somewhat higher alkalinity (trachybasalts and melanocratic trachyandesites). On this basis and also structure the late Mesozoic volcano-plutonic rock association of Chukotka may be assigned, as a whole, to the diorite-andesite group and perhaps to a special monzonite type within it. — R. M. Hutchinson.     

胶东与白垩纪花岗岩有关的金及有色金属矿床成矿系列

胶东地区除产出大量金矿外,还发现有钼、钨、铜、铅、锌等有色金属矿。为了探讨这些不同矿化类型矿床之间的成生联系,本文对典型矿床特征、成岩成矿时空关系、成矿物质来源和成矿条件等进行了研究。研究表明,成岩成矿时代主要集中在127.6~105 Ma之间,物质来源具有壳幔混合源特点。由胶东东部到西部,表现出金矿床数量渐趋增多,有色金属矿床及与之相关的花岗岩数量和规模逐渐减少的趋势,呈现出由伟德山花岗岩内部向外依次出现钼矿、钼钨矿→铜、银、铅锌、多金属矿→金矿化的特点。金矿赋存于伟德山花岗岩侵位之前的各种围岩中,包括产于较大规模的缓倾断裂中的焦家式破碎带蚀变岩型金矿和产于低序次的陡倾裂隙中的玲珑式石英脉型金矿。有色金属矿成矿显示出"一源、二岩、三带、四化"的矿化规律。胶东金及有色金属矿床具有密切的成因联系,由于形成时的物理化学条件及产出位置的不同,导致了成矿的差异性;它们均为燕山期同一阶段岩浆活动的产物,具有相近的成岩成矿时代,构成了一套与伟德山花岗岩岩浆作用有关的热液矿床成矿系列。岩浆作用、流体活动、伸展构造是成矿的关键因素,在中国东部中生代岩石圈减薄的构造背景下,胶东地区大规模岩浆侵位形成的热隆-伸展构造为成矿提供了有利空间。成矿过程可概述为:由伟德山花岗岩岩浆分异演化出的流体和幔源流体萃取岩体内部金属元素,形成斑岩-矽卡岩型钼矿、钼钨矿、铅锌矿床;由围岩中的活化流体、岩浆分异演化流体及幔源流体形成的复合流体,共同萃取花岗岩内部及围岩中的金属元素,形成蚀变岩型、脉型等金矿和脉型多金属矿床。     

Carboniferous Granitoid Magmatism of Northern Taimyr: Results of Isotopic-Geochemical Study and Geodynamic Interpretation

Data on the petrography, geochemistry, and isotopic geochronology of granites from the northern part of the Taimyr Peninsula are considered. The Early–Middle Carboniferous age of these rocks has been established (U–Pb, SIMS). Judging by the results of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating, the rocks underwent metamorphism in the Middle Permian. In geochemical and isotopic composition, the granitic rocks have much in common with evolved I-type granites. This makes it possible to specify a suprasubduction marginal continental formation setting. The existence of an active Carboniferous margin along the southern edge of the Kara Block (in presentday coordinates) corroborates the close relationship of the studied region with the continent of Baltia.     

The Origin of the Mesozoic Associated Multiseries Granitoid Magma in the Shandong Peninsula

Three melting events of the earth's crust occurred during the period of 220-120 Ma in the Shandong Pe-ninsula. Three subcycles of granitoid magma including six rock series were generated in the faulted granitoidmagma belt. The parent magma of several rock series formed earliest originated from the lower crust ofgranulite facies; following the increase of geothermal temperature the source magma would migrate into themiddle crust of amphibolite facies. In the diapiric granitoid magma belt, the granitoid magma was formed firstin granitic layer of the upper crust, and then in the middle crust. In each subcycle the generation of magmastarted with the generation of more mafic one and finished with low eutectic one; they were formed in the formof layered melting in a particular position of the crust.     

长江中下游地区白垩纪富碱火山岩浆作用

根据长江中下游地区中生代火山岩与成矿作用的研究现状, 选择研究工作较为薄弱的、最东端的溧水盆地火山岩为研究对象, 进行了详细的锆石U-Pb同位素分析, 并结合本区4个不同中生代火山盆地火山岩地球化学、岩性地层学资料, 对各盆地中4个火山旋回的火山岩进行了对比研究.研究表明: 溧水盆地龙王山组粗面岩的结晶年龄为128Ma, 这标志着长江中下游地区由西向东中生代火山作用的全面展开.4个火山旋回的时代分别为: > 125Ma、125~120Ma、120~110Ma和110~90Ma.庐枞盆地的浮山组与宁芜盆地的姑山组+娘娘山组(即溧水盆地的观山组+甲山组) 对应较为恰当, 应属第三火山旋回.本区白垩世火山岩的地球化学特征, 反映这些幔源碱性岩浆在上升过程中受到了陆壳物质的混染, 早期火山岩(如溧水盆地龙王山组) 则是Sr矿的矿源层.      

Petrogenesis of the Post-kinematic Magmatism of the Central Finland Granitoid Complex II; Sources and Magmatic Evolution

The 1·88–1·87 Ga post-kinematic granitoidsof the Central Finland Granitoid Complex (CFGC) provide a keygeochemical link to understanding granite formation in Paleoproterozoicorogenic and post-orogenic terrains. Thickness of the crustand intra-crustal differentiation processes played an importantrole in the formation of three granitoid types that shortlyfollowed the peak of the Svecofennian orogeny. In the easternCFGC, pyroxene-bearing plutons with C-type geochemical affinitiespredominate. These were formed from a mixture of low- to moderate-degreepartial melts (30%) of mafic mantle-derived (basaltic, 49% SiO₂)source rocks and partial melts of pre-existing mafic granulitelower crust at depth. In the western CFGC, high-silica, iron-rich,fluorite-bearing plutons with A-type granite characteristicspredominate. A higher thermal gradient, thinner upper and lowercrust, and significantly more shallow Moho depth resulted inhigher proportions of crustal melts (0·3–0·4vs 0·1–0·2 in the eastern CFGC) incorporatedinto the partial melts of a mafic mantle-derived source. A geochemicalmodel focusing on the Jämsä and Honkajoki plutonsof the post-kinematic suite is presented, constraining the natureof the source rock(s), the degree of partial melting, proportionsof partial melts and fractionation processes involved. KEY WORDS: magmatic evolution; geochemistry; Proterozoic; granite; Finland