柴北缘石炭系克鲁克组泥页岩岩相特征与沉积环境分析

柴北缘石炭系克鲁克组发育了一套厚层富有机质细粒沉积岩,是研究区页岩气勘探的主力层系。克鲁克组泥页岩形成于陆表海沉积环境,与深海富硅质泥页岩和湖相富碳酸盐泥页岩具有显著差异,目前研究程度相对较低,因此对其开展岩相与沉积环境研究具有十分重要的沉积学与油气地质学意义。通过野外露头和岩心观察,薄片鉴定、X射线衍射分析等技术,以区分标志明显、易于识别为主要原则,综合矿物组成、沉积构造、化石组合及其他混入物等因素,将柴北缘石炭系克鲁克组泥页岩划分出10种主要岩相类型,分别指示不同的沉积微环境。其中,煤岩、水平层理碳质黏土岩、透镜状层理粉砂质黏土岩、波状层理黏土质粉砂岩、脉状层理粉砂岩均属于潮坪沉积;富含菱铁矿结核的块状黏土岩为潟湖沉积;块状泥灰岩和块状生屑灰岩属碳酸盐台地沉积;而含介壳粉砂型泥岩和介壳型泥岩则属于潟湖与局限台地之间的过渡沉积,具有原地混积的特点。由于陆表海平缓的古坡脚,致使区内沉积体系受短期海平面升降变化影响显著,随滨线快速迁移,不同沉积环境的泥页岩在垂向上频繁叠置,交互出现,可总结出3种主要的岩相组合类型,分别形成于局限台地相潟湖相潮坪相组合,局限台地相潟湖相组合和局限台地相生物碎屑浅滩相组合。在泥页岩的岩相类型、特征、沉积环境及垂向演化序列研究的基础上,最终建立了陆表海泥页岩沉积模式。     

中上扬子地区下志留统沉积演化与页岩气勘探方向*

通过录井、测井、地震、野外剖面与岩心资料的深入剖析, 探讨中上扬子地区下志留统页岩段的沉积相与总有机碳的关系, 预测页岩气有利勘探区。中上扬子地区下志留统龙马溪组为一套20～268 m厚的黑色页岩夹灰绿色泥质粉砂岩沉积, 在等时框架内自下而上可识别出2个三级层序即SQ1与SQ2, 它们分布稳定、可对比性好。下部层序(SQ1) 的海侵体系域(TST)发育一套有利于页岩气形成的富有机质页岩, 此时期呈现出“北面向次深海敞开、东西南三面受古陆围限、陆棚广布”的沉积格局, 深水陆棚相广泛发育, 面积为255000 km², 平均厚度35 m。受海平面下降的影响, 从下部层序至上部层序水体变浅, 岩相从深水陆棚相黑色页岩向中-浅水陆棚相沙纹层理粉砂质页岩转变。岩相的发育受海平面升降、古陆、海底地形、物源供给等因素的影响, 岩相类型有碳质或硅质或钙质页岩、纹层状页岩、生物扰动粉砂质页岩、沙纹层理的粉砂质页岩、块状砂岩或介壳灰岩薄夹层5类。研究表明, 沉积相对富有机质页岩的形成具有内在的控制作用, 高TOC含量页岩发育于深水陆棚相、中陆棚相和潟湖相中。目前, 已有多口井在龙马溪组页岩获得工业气流, 揭示了该区良好的页岩气勘探前景;综合分析认为涪陵-赤水-仁怀、威远-长宁、鄂西-渝东为中上扬子地区下志留统页岩气勘探的主要方向和有利目标区。     

湖泊细粒沉积特征精细研究：以鄂尔多斯盆地延河剖面长7油层组为例

野外地质露头为精细刻画沉积体内部结构、建立准确地下地质模型发挥着重要作用。以鄂尔多斯盆地延河剖面长7段为例,采用岩石学、野外露头沉积学方法,详细剖析了湖泊细粒沉积的岩相类型、特征、垂向组合及沉积环境。研究结果表明,延河剖面长7段发育平行层理细砂岩相、流水交错层理细砂岩相、浪成交错层理粉砂岩相、沙纹层理粉砂岩相、变形层理粉砂岩相、水平层理(泥质)粉砂岩相、块状泥岩相、水平层理(砂质)泥岩相、水平纹层页岩相9种岩相类型。在结合区域地质特征基础上,研究认为长7段为远源的曲流河三角洲前缘和浅湖-半深湖沉积,进一步细分出7类沉积单元,其中水下分支河道、支流间湾较为发育,水下天然堤、远砂坝、席状砂发育规模较小,浅湖-半深湖沉积只在长72段下部发育,河口坝基本不发育,仅局部可见。对各沉积单元的垂向分布特征进行深入研究,识别出Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ 4类垂向分布形式,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ组合主要分布在研究区长71、长73亚段,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组合主要分布在研究区长72亚段。剖面相分析表明,长7沉积期整体为一套先变细、再变粗的细粒沉积序列,为曲流河三角洲前缘沉积—浅湖-半深湖沉积—曲流河三角洲前缘沉积。     

上扬子地区龙马溪组黑色富有机质页岩的浅水超覆沉积模式

细粒沉积作用决定着页岩储集层的物质基础，对优质页岩的形成具有重要作用。文中以上扬子地区龙马溪组黑色页岩为研究对象，通过岩心、露头、薄片、地震资料等分析，对该套黑色页岩的沉积发育模式进行研究。结果表明：(1)研究区龙马溪组黑色富有机质页岩段发育粉砂岩与页岩互层，见生物扰动、交错纹层、波状纹层、粒序纹层、泥砾定向排列、底部侵蚀面等沉积构造，具明显的浅水沉积特征；(2)黑色页岩内部发育多期受波浪作用影响而形成的页岩—粉砂质页岩—粉砂岩反粒序沉积旋回，显示出波浪作用对龙马溪组黑色页岩的形成具有重要影响；(3)风暴作用对于龙马溪组黑色页岩的形成具有一定的影响，表现为在不规则侵蚀面之上形成粉砂岩—黑色页岩正粒序沉积旋回；(4)从地震剖面以及连井剖面对比可以看出，随着海平面的不断上升，页岩总体上具有向古隆起边缘不断超覆迁移的特征。推测上扬子地区龙马溪组黑色页岩形成于水体较浅且受限的沉积环境，易受波浪以及风暴作用的影响，具有随着海平面上升而不断超覆迁移的特征。研究区龙马溪组富有机质黑色页岩的浅水超覆模式对于上扬子地区富有机质页岩的勘探具有重要的指导意义。     

干旱气候环境下季节性河流沉积特征——以库车河剖面下白垩统为例

通过对库车河剖面下白垩统巴西改组—古近系库姆格列木群底部的沉积露头实测,分析砂岩岩性组合、沉积构造特征、砾岩特征及沉积古环境,并结合现代天山南北季节性河流沉积特征,认为干旱气候条件下发育的季节性河流及季节性河流三角洲是白垩纪库车坳陷发育的重要沉积体系.下白垩统巴什基奇克组砂岩特征与现今广泛发育的季节性河流沉积特征极为相似,既有较为典型的河流相正韵律砂体大面积沉积,河道底部内碎屑泥砾与厚层块状的大型交错层理等砂岩,又显示出高能细砂岩和高能粉砂岩沉积,并具有较低的成分成熟度和较高的结构成熟度基本特征.在此基础上,建立了库车河剖面下白垩统巴西改组—巴什基奇克组沉积相模式:巴西改组沉积时期,库车坳陷发育面积较大的宽浅型湖泊,天山前发育的季节性河流进入湖泊后形成季节性河流三角洲;巴什基奇克组沉积时期,古天山前出现了多个小型湖泊,古天山山前发育大量的季节性辫状河与多个小型季节性辫状三角洲沉积.     

Newark裂谷盆地三叠—侏罗系湖相页岩的有机地化研究

北美大西洋边缘大陆裂谷盆地的三叠—侏罗系湖相沉积为面积、水深、水化学及存在历史变化都很大的湖泊系统的沉积物。Newark盆地三叠系Lockatong组中含有数百米厚的富含有机质的纹层状页岩,其中夹有贫有机质的泥裂状或块状泥岩,这套岩层沉积于湿-干气候周期性变化的古湖泊或潮坪环境中。在三叠一侏罗系之上为厚层冲积与河流沉积成因的砾岩、砂     

福建省三明地区早二叠世晚期潮坪沉积特征及其对聚煤作用的影响

童子岩组的潮坪、潮道沉积常与泻湖相沉积伴生形成为潮坪泻湖相沉积体系。其潮坪相沉积可以划分为:1泥坪相,由泥岩或砂质泥岩为主组成,具水平层理,分布有痕迹化石和动物扰动构造。2砂泥坪混合相,由细砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩互层组成,常见波状层理、透镜状层理,分布有海相动物化石和斜交或垂直层面的营状痕迹化石。3砂坪相,发育透镜状层理,压扁层理和小型斜交层理,在一些砂岩中也常见由于潮汐作用形成的双面粘土层和潮汐作用产生的周期层序。4潮沟相,主要见于各含煤段底部,潮沟相的砂岩厚度一般较大,层位一般相对稳定。透镜状态理、波状层理常见,动物扰动构造发育,有浪成波痕。     

早白垩世义县盆地义县组顶部金刚山层沉积相及其古环境意义

辽西义县盆地内近东西走向的马神庙-刀把地-三百垄-金刚山一带为义县组标准地层剖面出露地,义县组建阶标准地层剖面枣茨山金刚山层为一套古湖盆相沉积组合。野外详细的沉积学和地层学研究将金刚山层自下而上划分为湖缘碎屑浊流相、浅水湖坪相和半深湖相3个沉积亚相。金刚山层下部湖缘碎屑浊流相包括3个粗-细粒序递变沉积韵律。粗粒岩石单元为灰绿色含长石岩屑凝灰质砂砾岩、杂色砾岩、灰白色含砾凝灰岩;细粒岩石单元由灰白色含砾凝灰岩、灰绿色致密凝灰岩、质纯膨润土组成。韵律沉积底部粗粒岩石单元为浊流头部沉积产物,其中常形成弥散式正粒序递变层理,细粒岩石单元为浊流体部、尾部逐渐稀释的沉积结果,其中常发育水平层理。中部浅水湖坪相沉积由5个膨润土化粉砂岩（质纯膨润土或页岩）-泥灰岩（含方解石细脉灰岩）沉积韵律构成。每一湖坪相的碳酸盐岩与下伏火山灰质沉积厚度之比值变化范围为:0.11~0.47,指示湖盆围缘经历了多期次湖坪沉积时间间隔相等的地质规律。金刚山层上部半深湖相沉积为灰白色纸片状页岩-粉砂质页岩组合。金刚山层下部湖缘火山碎屑浊流沉积指示火山喷发物质近源性、火山喷发多期作用的地质演化规律。中部湖坪相的5个膨润土化粉砂岩（质纯膨润土或页岩）-泥灰岩（含方解石细脉灰岩）沉积韵律指示古湖盆水体至少经历了5期变浅过程,在区域性干旱气候影响下,形成湖坪相泥灰岩沉积。湖盆中心相对深水沉积区接受大量细粒悬浮质沉积,形成静水半深湖相沉积。     

云南寻甸县灯影组第三段沉积环境分析

寻甸地区位于上扬子地台,该区灯影组三段发育了一套以白云岩夹粉砂岩泥岩为主的沉积岩层。通过对摩洛河剖面岩石学特征及沉积相的研究,结合前人的研究成果,认为该区灯影组三段可分为三个岩性段:下部以细粒石英砂岩、泥岩为主;中部以砂屑白云岩为主,夹少量石英细砂岩和泥质粉砂岩为主;上部以泥晶灰岩、泥质灰岩夹钙质泥岩钙质粉砂岩为主。岩层中主要发育水平层理和平行层理;并且认为研究区灯影组三段地层发育在碳酸盐台地一陆表海环境中,从底到顶可识别出潮坪浅滩相、瀉湖相和开阔台地相的沉积。总体上为海退一海侵的沉积旋回。     

滦平盆地大北沟组—大店子组沉积和地层格架及陆相层型意义

依据大量实测剖面资料初步建立了滦平盆地侏罗－白垩系大北沟－大店子组地层格架,证明盆地在两组沉积期为西南高、东北低的簸箕形,两组地层从西南向东北在地层厚度、沉积旋回组成、相序与环境和标志层的分布等方面均发生规律性变化。地层格架不仅有助于研究盆地形成演化、构造应力条件和火山活动,而且可以确定盆地沉降中心,确定建立地层层型的候选剖面。位于盆地沉降中心的张家沟剖面大北沟组－大店子组以扇三角洲前缘半深湖－深湖相深水沉积为主,由5个完整的沉积旋回（SDC）组成。旋回沉积相序大北沟组由滨浅湖相－前扇三角洲半深湖、深湖相－扇三角洲前缘相构成;大店子组明显水体加深,沉积环境相对单一,地层厚度增大,旋回相序由半深湖、深湖相泥页岩、粉砂岩夹砂岩组成,部分层位为扇三角洲前缘的砂、砾岩层。两组沉积较厚,达665m。并且排除了其它剖面上“蜂窝梁砾岩”（辫状河道－分流河道砾岩）对下伏层侵蚀造成的大北沟组顶部沉积间断,以及“玄武安山岩”喷发活动造成的大店子组顶部地层缺失。张家沟剖面沉积连续、暴露完全、化石极为丰富,是建立侏罗－白垩系临界阶陆相层型的研究界线划分的理想剖面。     

The Cretaceous Uhangri Formation, SW Korea: lacustrine margin facies

The Uhangri Formation forms part of the Cretaceous sedimentary sequence deposited in a series of inland basins in the south-western Korean Peninsula. It comprises an approximately 400-m-thick epiclastic sequence of conglomerate, (gravelly) sandstone, cherty mudstone and black shale. The entire sequence can be represented by 16 distinctive sedimentary facies organized into four facies associations. Facies association I is characterized by thick homogeneous brownish siltstone, wedge-shaped disorganized conglomerate and thinly interlayered gravelly sandstone units. The siltstone units were formed by large floods submerging the alluvial fan fringe (floodplain), whereas the conglomerate and gravelly sandstone units were deposited by sheetfloods and debris flows. Facies association II consists of stratified conglomerate — gravelly sandstone, laminated sandstone and sandstone/siltstone couplets which form fining-upward cycles. Some facies units are low-angle trough cross-bedded and show broad channel geometries. This association represents subaqueous delta lobes fed by high- and low-concentration turbidity currents in the distal delta realm. Facies association III is characterized, by wedged conglomerate and gravelly sandstone facies with interfingered massive sandstone bounded by scoured bases. It represents a delta front where distributary channels and mouth bars are dominant. Facies association IV consists of laterally continuous sequence of laminated black shale, crudely stratified sandstone and convoluted sandstone/cherty mudstone. This facies association is suggestive of depositional processes controlled by chemical equilibrium resulting from an interaction between density inflows and lake water. The cherty mudstone resulted from inorganic precipitation from siliceous solution provided by acidic volcanism. The Uhangri sequence generally shows a fining-upward trend with a transition from alluvial fan fringe, coarse-grained subaqueous delta, to shallow lake. The retrogradation was probably due to continuous subsidence related to continental rifting in the oblique-slip mobile zone.     

Old red sandstone sedimentation—an example from the brownstones (highest lower old red sandstone) of south central wales

The Brownstones form the highest Lower Old Red Sandstone in South Wales and the Welsh Borderlands. Sections from the Brecon Beacons of Central South Wales consist of laterally extensive sheets of interbedded sandstone and siltstone. Facies sequence A consists of parallel laminated sheet sandstones and siltstones and is interpreted as a sandy sheetflood and distal muddy floodflat association. Facies sequence B comprises sheet sandstones composed of multistorey channel fills, small calcrete-clast filled channels and massive siltstones with thin interbedded sandstones. This sequence is interpreted as low sinuosity channel deposits merging laterally and downslope into a muddy flood-basin, with calcrete clasts infilling intrabasinal channel systems. Facies sequence C consists of multistorey sandstones and is interpreted as a proximal low sinuosity channel system. The Brownstones of the Brecon Beacons formed on an extensive alluvial plain with low sinuosity sand-bed channels merging downslope into sheetfloods and muddy floodflats, in a system broadly analogous to that of the Eyre Basin of South Australia.     

Tide-dominated offshore sedimentation, Lower Cambrian, north Norway

The Duolbasgaissa Formation, Lower Cambrian, of northern Norway consists of 550 m of mineralogically and texturally mature sandstones with subordinate siltstones, mudstones and conglomerates. Four facies are defined on the basis of grain size, bed thickness and sedimentary structures. Facies 1–3 consist of a variety of erosively-based, cross-stratified and parallel-stratified sandstones interbedded with siltstone and mudstone. Many of these sandstones show evidence of deposition from waning currents. Facies 4 consists of trough cross-bedded sandstones with sets up to 4 m thick. Symmetrical ripples and bioturbation are ubiquitous. Bipolar palaeocurrent distributions are common to all facies and one mode is usually strongly dominant. Lateral facies variations and sedimentary structures suggest that deposition took place in a tide-dominated, offshore, shallow marine environment in which maximum sediment transport probably occurred when storm generated waves enhanced tidal currents. The four facies are thought to represent the deposits of various parts of tidal sediment transport paths such as exist in modern seas around Great Britain. Small scale coarsening upward sequences may represent the superposition of facies independently of changing water depth. Lack of information prevents a detailed palaeogeographic reconstruction. It is suggested that sand body shape is not accurately predictable.     

广西百色盆地东部古近系那读组湖相灰岩

百色盆地东部田东坳陷那坤地区古近系那读组三段下部发育一套数米至数十米厚的湖相灰岩,岩石以浅灰色-灰色、含大量的螺蚌化石和具核形石结构为特征,间夹有薄层的泥岩、钙质泥质粉砂岩。本文在实测地表剖面和详细观察岩心的基础上,仔细研究了此套灰岩的岩石学特征。依据丰富的原生沉积构造、古生物化石标志以及沉积地球化学、测井相特征将湖相灰岩的沉积相划分为滨湖、颗粒滩、浅湖三个亚相以及灰泥坪、沼泽、颗粒坪、滩缘、滩核、滩间水道、灰泥浅湖、泥质浅湖等八个微相,并详细地研究了各微相的沉积特征。结合该灰岩的区域分布和沉积相的平面展布格局指出沉积相主体属于浅湖的颗粒滩,并提出了相应的沉积相模式。     

渤海湾盆地黄河口凹陷古近系东营组三段沉积特征

综合利用地震、测井、录井、岩心及分析化验资料,通过综合分析和系统沉积学编图,确定了黄河口凹陷古近系东营组三段（东三段）主要发育扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、湖泊和湖底扇。东三段下部辫状河三角洲发育于黄河口凹陷的西南部和南部,在渤南凸起的南北两侧均发育扇三角洲朵体,半深湖-深湖主要分布于西部深凹部位,在B-2断隆带南部的半深湖区发育湖底扇,绝大部分地带为滨浅湖沉积,以滨浅湖泥滩和混合滩沉积为主。东三段上部辫状河三角洲发育于黄河口凹陷的西南部、南部及D-4断隆带的南侧,仅在渤南凸起的北侧发育扇三角洲朵体,半深湖-深湖主要分布于西北次凹部位,绝大部分地带为滨浅湖沉积,以滨浅湖泥滩和混合滩沉积为主。E-1-1-F-4-1井一带继承性发育滨浅湖砂质滩坝沉积。滨浅湖砂质滩坝由含砾粗砂岩、含砾中砂岩、含砾细砂岩及中、细砂岩组成,骨架颗粒成分以石英为主,发育低角度交错层理,纹层由定向排列的砾石或暗色组分显示,纹层平直,以低角度相交。滨浅湖砂质滩坝微相区为东三段优质储集层发育区。     

Facies and Architecture of a Carboniferous Grounding-line System From the Guandacol Formation, Paganzo Basin, Northwestern Argentina

New outcrops of Middle Carboniferous glacigenic deposits found in the Guandacol Formation (western Paganzo Basin) are described in this paper. The study locality of Los Pozuelos Creek (northwestern Argentina) includes coarse-grained diamictites, rhythmites, laminated pebbly mudstones and shales that represent an expanded column of the Gondwanic glaciation in this region. Thirteen lithofacies recorded at the measured section have been grouped into three facies associations. Facies Association I is composed of coarse-grained massive and stratified diamictites (lithofacies Dmm, Dms, Dmg, Dcs), laminated siltstones with dropstones (Fld) and interstratified sandstones and mudstones (Fl, Sr). These rocks represent both tillites and resedimented diamictites closely associated to small water bodies where laminated siltstones with dropstones and stratified sandstones and mudstones were deposited. Facies Association II comprises couplets of matrix-supported thinly bedded diamictites (Dmld) and laminated mudstones with dropstones (Fld). This facies association results from the combination of three different processes, subaqueous cohesionless debris flows, coeval rainout of ice-rafted debris and settling of fine-grained particles from supension. Finally, Facies Association III is made up of laminated mudstones without dropstones, thin marl levels and scarce fine- to very fine-grained sandstones. This assemblage clearly suggests sedimentation in a deep marine environment below the wave base.The architecture of the glacigenic deposits has been investigated using photomosaic panels. The geometry of the depositional bodies and facies suggest that Los Pozuelos Creek outcrops exhibit a well preserved three-dimensional example of a grounding-line system. In particular, three different subenvironments of a morainal bank were interpreted: a bank-front, a bank-core and a bank-back. The bank-front assemblage is characterized by coarse-grained, mainly resedimented, diamictites grading laterally to prograding clinoforms composed of interbedded matrix-supported thinly bedded diamictite and mudstones. The bank-core assemblage is formed by a stacking of coarse-grained diamictites where at least five major erosional surfaces, bounding four multistory diamictite bodies, can be recognized. Finally, the bank-back assemblage corresponds to discontinuous intervals of striated lodgement till, and coarse-grained resedimented diamictites showing important post-depositional deformation. The retrogradational stacking of the morainal banks indicate an overall glacial retreat and a glacioeustatic sea-level rise. Erosional surfaces at the base of each morainal bank suggest intervening short term episodes of ice advance.The new data presented here confirm the existence of "true" tillites in western Paganzo Basin and suggest several (at least four) pulses of glacial advance and retreat during the Namurian glaciation in the region and permit a more refined interpretation of the glacial deposits in the Huaco area.     

豫西济源地区中三叠世油房庄组遗迹组构及其环境解释

河南济源地区中三叠世油房庄组发育了一套滨浅湖相的砂泥岩沉积，在该组上段紫红色与黄绿色砂泥岩沉积中发现了大量的遗迹化石。其中高能砂质滨湖沉积中识别出6种遗迹组构:斑状生物扰动组构、Skolithos isp.-Planolites montanus组构、Skolithos verticalis组构、Planolites beverleyensis组构、Skolithos isp.组构和Palaeophycus annulatus 遗迹组构，它们可归入陆相Skolithos遗迹相；极浅湖泥岩夹粉砂岩沉积中识别出3种遗迹组构: Skolithos linearis遗迹组构、Taenidium barretti遗迹组构和植物根迹组构，它们可归入陆相Scoyenia遗迹相。     

Alluvial fan–lacustrine association in the fault tip end of a half-graben, northern Triassic Cuyo basin, western Argentina

The Triassic deposits of Cerro Puntudo in the San Juan province of western Argentina constitute the northernmost exposures of the northern portion of the nonmarine Cuyo rift basin, also known as the Las Peñas-Tamberías half-graben. The local column, with an exposed thickness of approximately 400 m, consists of abundant basal and topmost coarse alluvial fan conglomerates and breccias (facies associations I and II) and a relatively thin (approximately 50 m) intervening sequence of marginal, shallow lacustrine deposits characterized by stromatolitic (domal) limestones, tuffaceous mudstones, and fine-grained sandstones (facies association III). Subaerial exposure in the lacustrine deposits is evidenced by desiccation cracks and brecciation. A very thin (0–6 m), laterally, discontinuous succession of lacustrine deposits with similar characteristics is interbedded with the basal conglomerates. Laterally, this lacustrine interval was eroded by overlying conglomerates. The basal conglomerates commonly show crude normal grading, faint cross-bedding, and b-axis clast imbrication. The predominance of coarse deposits and paleocurrents from NW to SE, indicative of an axial flow pattern, suggest that these exposures correspond to the northern end of the Cuyo basin, which is characterized by a shallow, alluvial fan-encased, carbonate-rich lake margin. This lacustrine interval can be correlated with the thicker lacustrine section exposed to the south at Quebrada del Tigre and Ciénaga Larga along the border fault margin of a nonmarine half-graben. The correlation with these sections suggests that the Cerro Puntudo lacustrine deposits are the shallowest equivalent of more profundal, organic-rich lacustrine sediments exposed in the deepest segment of the border fault margin. These thickness and facies variations are the result of differential subsidence along the border fault margin between the low accommodation, fault tip end represented by the Cerro Puntudo section and the high accommodation, central segment located to the south.     

四川会理—会东及邻区中元古界昆阳群沉积特征及演化

四川会理 会东及邻区中元古界昆阳群 ,由下而上可分为力马河组、凤山营组和天宝山组 ,与古元古界河口群为不整合接触 ,其代表年龄值为 1 70 0± 1 0 0Ma～ 1 2 0 0± 1 0 0Ma。对这套地层的沉积学研究 ,前人涉及甚少。笔者在野外考察和室内分析的基础上 ,对其沉积相和沉积环境进行了详细的研究。初步认为研究区的中元古界昆阳群可分为 7种沉积相 ,进而探讨了该区的沉积演化历史。