基于监测数据的拱桥吊杆疲劳寿命评估方法及其应用

目前拱桥吊杆都是基于恒载及活载静力强度准则设计的,没有考虑车辆荷载的动力疲劳安全系数。本文引入概率和统计学的概念与方法,对吊杆疲劳强度进行了可靠性分析与设计,建立了拱桥吊杆基于极限应力模式的疲劳动态可靠度模型与分析方法。结合实际桥梁监测的数据和疲劳模型试验,给出了拱桥吊杆腐蚀疲劳动态可靠度的计算步骤,并对实际桥梁的某一根吊杆腐蚀疲劳可靠度进行了评估,评估结果与实际结果基本吻合,证明了此方法适用于拱桥吊杆腐蚀疲劳寿命预测。     

基于健康监测系统的大跨度多荷载悬索桥的疲劳与可靠度评估(英文)

在过去的几十年,世界各地建立了许多大跨度悬索桥。通常这些桥梁需承受多种动力荷载,尤其是一些处于多台风地区的公铁两用桥梁。为了保证这些大跨悬索钢桥在运营期内的安全和正常使用,有必要以一定的时间间隔进行桥梁的疲劳和可靠度评估。有鉴于此,许多大跨悬索桥都安装了健康监测系统,但是如何运用其进行准确的疲劳评估仍然是一个问题。本文通过结合计算机模拟技术和健康监测系统的测量数据,以香港青马大桥为例,分析了在多荷载作用下的大跨度悬索桥的疲劳和可靠度。同时,作为利用结构健康监测技术进行结构健康状态评估的这一重要研究方向的有益实践,该研究发展了一系列方法用于评估桥梁的疲劳,以及通过考虑存在于结构的物理模型和计算机模拟中的不确定性用以评估疲劳的可靠度。     

香港青马大桥在交通荷载作用下的疲劳评估

在全桥三维有限元模型基础上 ,进行了车载响应分析 ,得到全桥的动力响应 ,并与实测结果进行了分析对比 ;对疲劳危险部位建立局部有限元模型 ,并进行了局部应力分析。在结构健康安全监测系统实测数据基础上 ,得到应变循环标准块 ,用基于热点应力疲劳评估方法对危险部位进行了疲劳寿命评估。     

香港青马大桥交通荷载作用下的疲劳评估

在全桥三维有限元模型基础上，进行了车载响应分析，得到全桥的动力响应，并与实测结果进行了分析对比，对疲劳危险部位建立局部有限元模型，并进行了局部应力分析。在结构健康安全监测系统实测数据基础上，得到应变循环标准块，用基于热点应力疲劳评估方法对危险部位进行了疲劳寿命评估。     

环境温度对钢管混凝土拱桥吊杆振动影响及张力测定研究

为了提高实际工程中吊杆张力的测试精度,基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论,考虑外界环境温度变化以及吊杆预应力作用对吊杆振动的影响,建立了变温时吊杆自由振动运动方程,并根据长吊杆边界条件,给出了吊杆张力与温度变化、横向振动频率关系式,分析了吊杆热过屈曲温升条件。采用数值模拟方法与工程实例进行了验证。计算结果显示,环境温度相同时,张力增大吊杆同阶振动频率增大;当张力相同时,环境温度升高,吊杆同阶振动频率降低。对于季节温差较大的地区,吊杆张力测试时环境温度影响不可忽略。考虑温度影响时,关系式计算精度较高,更接近真实值,且方程为显式,实用性强。     

预应力活性粉末混凝土道面板的疲劳损伤试验研究及有限元分析

为了研究疲劳荷载对预应力活性粉末混凝土道面板损伤性能的影响,设计4块尺寸为5 m×2.5 m×0.12 m的试件进行试验。试验采用的应力比为0.3,试件经200万次加载后未疲劳破坏。并利用有限元软件Ansys Workbench与疲劳分析软件Ncode Designlife对试件进行了仿真模拟,研究应力水平与损伤之间的关系。结果表明:RPC道面板的损伤主要集中于前20万次的加载过程,且受拉区的损伤要大于受压区,受拉区的跨中位置为疲劳破坏的薄弱位置;预应力对于试件损伤的减少,主要是减少了20万次后加载过程产生的损伤,使得相同等级的RPC平均疲劳寿命提高1.3～1.8倍,破坏时的损伤值减少25%～40%;取0.5作为作为变形模量的极限值,经回归分析提出变形模量的计算表达式;应力水平0.7可作为损伤的拐点,小于0.7时损伤值增长缓慢,疲劳寿命超过200万次,0.7及以上时损伤值成数十倍甚至上百倍增长,疲劳寿命显著下降。     

淮河管桥的安全性与剩余寿命评估方法研究

本文在文献［１］的基础上，进一步运用现代断裂力学和结构系统可靠性分析原理，导出了一种处理多种交变应力引起结构系统疲劳失效的计算方法，提出了一种考虑构件腐蚀、在交变应力及地震力作用下结构系统安全寿命的评估方法，并开发出相应的计算机软件，对淮河跨越管桥结构系统进行评估，验证了该方法的有效性和可靠性。     

吊杆损伤对湛河斜靠式拱桥动力特性的影响

根据平顶山市城东河路湛河桥主桥—斜靠式拱桥的结构特点,采用M IDAS/C ivil有限元软件,建立了该桥的空间有限元计算模型,进行了不同吊杆损伤情况下的桥梁动力特性计算,通过对比桥梁在完好状态和不同吊杆损伤情况下的桥梁动力特性,得出结论:吊杆损伤对斜靠式拱桥的低阶自振频率总体影响较小,但对桥梁整体竖向自振频率和扭转自振频率相对影响较大,吊杆损伤导致桥梁竖向和扭转自振频率降低;主拱吊杆损伤比稳定拱吊杆损伤对该桥的自振频率影响大,跨中吊杆损伤比1/4跨处吊杆损伤对该桥自振频率影响大。计算结果对正确认识斜靠式拱桥在不同状态下的结构动力特征,合理评价桥梁运营阶段的健康状况提供了参考和基础性数据。     

空冷风机桥架疲劳寿命分析

基于现场实测风机桥架振动响应,采用风机调幅扰力模型进行结构动力响应分析.根据不同工况下疲劳危险点的名义应力时程,采用雨流计数法和各工况年运行频次调查结果编制疲劳载荷谱.通过Miner损伤累积准则和p-S-N关系对风机桥架进行疲劳损伤分析,给定疲劳破坏的损伤阈值,所得疲劳寿命满足设计使用年限的要求.采用Goodman、Gerber和Soderberg模型考虑平均应力影响时的疲劳寿命略有降低.     

基于响应面法的连续刚构地震可靠度分析

地震可靠度是桥梁抗震研究中的重要问题。基于随机分析的响应面理论和规范反应谱法,提出了一种分析具有随机结构参数的桥梁地震可靠度的方法,研究了结构的破坏准则及其极限状态方程,计算了高墩大跨连续刚构桥在地震激励下设计基准期内的动力可靠度。分析时考虑了结构参数和场地土的随机性,分别计算了连续刚构在多遇地震、设防地震和罕遇地震作用下的失效概率,得到了结构在设计基准期内,"三水准设防标准"条件下的地震可靠度。结果表明,该桥设计满足抗震规范要求。     

Effects of engineering geological condition on response of suspension bridges

The geological condition may vary largely from one support to another for a long span bridge. The effect of geological variability and spatial variation produced by propagation and coherence loss of seismic ground motion on the response of long span suspension bridges is investigated in this article. The case of Jiangyin Yangtse River Bridge, a suspension bridge with a main span of 1385 m, is studied in detail. Numerical results show that the geological difference at the supports has a significant effect on the seismic response of long span suspension bridges and, that it is unacceptable to neglect the difference. The effect of the propagation of seismic ground motion on the response of long span suspension bridges is far more important than that of the coherence loss. The response of bridges varies greatly with the horizontal apparent velocity in a very complex way, and there is a critical horizontal velocity for a given response quantity.     

中(下)承式拱桥吊杆静张力分析方法的改进

在中(下)承式拱桥的有限元模型中,引入了由于施工中吊杆长度调整而产生的几何刚度矩阵,用一阶矩阵摄动理论,导出了相应的吊杆系静张力分析的相关公式。对一实际中承式拱桥的数值计算分析表明,使用本方法可有效地提高中(下)承式拱桥的吊杆静张力分析的准确性。     

Hanger replacement influence on seismic response of suspension bridges: Implementation to the Bosphorus Bridge subjected to multi-support excitation

The effects of hanger replacement from inclined to vertical configuration on seismic response of long-span suspension bridges are investigated considering multi-support earthquake excitation. The Bosphorus Bridge is investigated due to its recent comprehensive rehabilitation, mainly involving hanger replacement. The finite-fault stochastic simulation method (FINSIM) is utilized for multi-point earthquake time-history generation. The developed finite element (FE) model both for the inclined and vertical hanger arrangement are verified through the structural health monitoring (SHM) data. Based on the comparative analysis, the tension force of vertical hangers is found to be lower than that of inclined hangers, whereas the tension force of the main and back-stay cables remains the same. The compressive axial force of the deck decreases relatively in the case of the vertical hanger arrangement, whereas the cross-sectional forces at the tower base section increase. The approach viaducts are not affected by the vertical hanger arrangement. According to the demand/capacity ratios for damage estimation under the max. earthquake (2475 years return period), structural damage on the tower base section may be expected for both hanger arrangements, while these sections perform well under design scenario earthquake. The expansion joint of the bridge with inclined hangers is also estimated to be damaged; however, this displacement is lower in the case of the vertical hanger arrangement due to the viscous dampers. The findings also reveal that a change in hanger form of a suspension bridge can necessitate other structural retrofit, such as using viscous dampers to limit longitudinal displacements of the deck and retrofitting the bridge towers.     

Structural health monitoring of long-span suspension bridges using wavelet packet analysis

During the service life of civil engineering structures such as long-span bridges, local damage at key positions may continually accumulate, and may finally result in their sudden failure. One core issue of global vibration-based health monitoring methods is to seek some damage indices that are sensitive to structural damage. This paper proposes an online structural health monitoring method for long-span suspension bridges using wavelet packet transform (WPT). The WPT- based method is based on the energy variations of structural ambient vibration responses decomposed using wavelet packet analysis. The main feature of this method is that the proposed wavelet packet energy spectrum (WPES) has the ability to detect structural damage from ambient vibration tests of a long-span suspension bridge. As an example application, the WPES-based health monitoring system is used on the Runyang Suspension Bridge under daily environmental conditions. The analysis reveals that changes in environmental temperature have a long-term influence on the WPES, while the effect of traffic loadings on the measured WPES of the bridge presents instantaneous changes because of the nonstationary properties of the loadings. The condition indication indices VD reflect the influences of environmental temperature on the dynamic properties of the Runyang Suspension Bridge. The field tests demonstrate that the proposed WPES-based condition indication index VD is a good candidate index for health monitoring of long-span suspension bridges under ambient excitations.     

Stochastic response of suspension bridges to earthquake forces

The purpose of the paper is to study the applicability of stochastic methods for determining the response in the vertical plane of long-span bridges to earthquakes. The bridges are of the modern type, with flexible towers, box-decks and inclined hangers, Humber and Bosporus being used as the main examples, although some useful information is obtained by studying a small suspension footbridge. The input ground acceleration is that of the Pacoima Dam record of the 1971 San Fernando event, but use is also made of filtered white noise. Because the stochastic approach is essentially an attempt to abstract usable information which could otherwise be obtained from a lengthy time-history approach, the procedure adopted here is to compare the same parameters obtained in these two ways, as far as possible. In particular, the maximum values of displacements and bending moments are considered. The essential question to be answered is whether the short length of earthquake records, coupled with the large natural periods of vibration of long-span bridges, allows sufficient response information to be generated to make statistical parameters meaningful. The short-span (50 m) footbridge gives no cause for concern here, but the detailed comparison with time-history solutions shows that the stochastic approach for both Bosporus and Humber has to be cautiously assessed, particularly if some trailing zeros are not added to the earthquake record. However, general conclusions are not made, because only one earthquake record has been used.     

大跨桥梁结构损伤诊断与安全评估的多尺度有限元模拟研究

探讨了以结构损伤诊断与安全评估为目标的大跨桥梁结构多尺度有限元模拟的策略与方案。在有限元模型误差来源分析的基础上,提出了大跨桥梁结构模型误差的分层次修正方法。通过对润扬长江大桥斜拉桥的有限元建模和模型修正过程,提出了大跨斜拉桥结构以损伤诊断与安全评估为目标的多尺度有限元模拟方法。研究表明,大跨桥梁结构的多尺度有限元模拟必须建立在模型误差分析的基础上,并采用模型误差的分层次修正方法才能较好的满足多尺度有限元模拟的技术要求。     

地震动空间效应对大跨度桥梁非线性地震响应的影响

由于大跨度桥梁的桥墩间距离较大,其地震响应分析应考虑地震动输入的空间效应。本文建立了多点激励下大跨度桥梁地震响应分析方法,采用损伤塑性本构模型模拟混凝土材料特性,考虑地震动空间效应对大跨度连续刚构桥进行非线性地震响应分析,从而分析地震动空间效应对大跨度桥梁地震响应的影响。研究表明:考虑行波激励或多点激励时桥梁地震响应较一致激励而言有所差异,考虑地震动空间效应时可能会夸大或减小桥梁结构的动力响应;多点激励时桥梁地震响应会随视波速的改变而变化。由此得出结论,对于大跨度桥梁地震响应分析应合理的考虑地震动空间效应。     

漂浮体系悬索桥拟静态纵向运动特性及其控制

营运状况下漂浮体系悬索桥加劲梁纵向运动产生的过大累积行程会引起伸缩缝和塔梁纵向阻尼器等连接构件的性能退化和疲劳损坏.探索加劲梁纵向运动过大累积行程的成因,并找出降低累积行程的控制措施是确保悬索桥健康运营的关键.首先,以江阴长江大桥实测位移时程数据为基础,对不同频谱特性的位移成分进行分解,并统计了不同位移成分的循环次数和...     

Non-linear buffeting response analysis of long-span suspension bridges with central buckle

The rigid central buckle employed in the Runyang Suspension Bridge (RSB) was the first time it was used in a suspension bridge in China. By using a spectral representation method and FFT technique combined with measured data,a 3D fluctuating wind field considering the tower wind effect is simulated. A novel FE model for buffeting analysis is then presented,in which a specific user-defined Matrix27 element in ANSYS is employed to simulate the aeroelastic forces and its stiffness or damping matrices are parameterized by wind velocity and vibration frequency. A nonlinear time history analysis is carried out to study the influence of the rigid central buckle on the wind-induced buffeting response of a long-span suspension bridge. The results can be used as a reference for wind resistance design of long-span suspension bridges with a rigid central buckle in the future.     

基于小波变换的长周期桥梁选波方法研究

时程分析输入地震波的选取对长周期大跨度桥梁影响显著。本文基于规范目标谱,以MATLAB为依托,通过选取最优小波基并利用小波系数迭代法实现频域调整,使地震波反应谱不断逼近给定目标谱,最后结合相对误差和长周期拟合参数两个指标进行综合评价,选取适用于长周期大跨度桥梁的时程分析地震波,提出长周期桥梁全过程批量选波方法。将该方法应用于奉节长江大桥,与基于时域调整方法的Seismo Match选波软件对比选波效果,并将选波结果应用于背景桥梁的时程分析。结果表明,利用本文选波方法所得结构关键截面响应与软件选波所得响应在横桥向和竖桥向存在一定差异。本文方法可为长周期大跨度桥梁时程分析选波提供参考。