The auroral occurrence over Zhongshan Station, Antarctica

The auroral data observed by all sky TV camera during 1995 and 1997 at Zhongshan Station of Antarctica are used to analyze the statistic characteristics of the aurora over Zhongshan Station. Around postnoon (1200 - 1600UT ) and midnight (2000 - 0100 UT ), the aurora appears more frequently and stronger than those in evening (1600- 2000UT ). The corona type auroras mainly occur at poleward and overhead of Zhongshan Station during postnoon and around midnight. The hand type auroras mainly appear during postnoon. while during evening and around midnight only appear at equatorward. The active surges mostly appear around midnight,while the transpolar arcs mainly occur after midnight. Except for the transpolar arcs. the occurrences of the other three type auroras are related with Kp index. Usually Zhongshan Station enters the auroral oval at postnoon,the exact time depends on Kp index.     

The high-latitude ionospheric phenomena observed by DPS-4 at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica

Ionograms, which were obtained from February 1995 to January 1999 by a Digisonde Portable Sounder-4 (DPS-4) at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica, have been scaled. The ionograms interpretation has shown various ionosphcric phcnomena occurred in the cusp region. They are particle precipitation effects in the E region. F region magnetic noon phenomena, slant Es phenomena and lacuna. F layer irregularity zone (FLIZ) phenomena, and auroral oval identification. Typical examples of ionograms and ionogram sequences observed at Zhongshan Station are displayed in this paper.     

Preliminary result of imaging riometer at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＺｈｏｎｇｓｈａｎＳｔａｔｉｏｎ（７６°２２′Ｅ,６９°２２′Ｓ）ｏｆＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａｉｓｌｏｃａｔｅｄｉｎａｎｉｄｅａｐｌａｃｅｆｏｒｏｂｓｅｒｖｉｎｇｓｏｌａｒ－ｔｅｒｅｓｔｒｉａｌｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎａ．ＡｔＺｈｏｎｇ...     

The observations on Polar Stratospheric Clouds at Zhongshan Station，Antarctica

ＴｈｅｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓｏｎＰｏｌａｒＳｔｒａｔｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＣｌｏｕｄｓａｔＺｈｏｎｇｓｈａｎＳｔａｔｉｏｎ，ＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａＳｕｎＪｉｎｈｕｉ（孙金辉）；ＸｉａＱｉｌｉｎ（夏其林）；ＱｉｕＪｉｎｈｕａｎ（邱金桓）ａｎｄＬｕＤａｒｅｎ（...     

Mean ionospheric properties in winter at Zhongshan Station,Antarctica

ＭｅａｎｉｏｎｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｉｎｗｉｎｔｅｒａｔＺｏｎｇｓｈａｎＳｔａｔｉｏｎ，ＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａTX＠刘顺林＠贺龙松＠刘瑞源ＭｅａｎｉｏｎｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｉｎｗｉｎｔｅｒａｔＺｈｏｎｇｓｈａｎＳｔａｔｉｏｎ，Ａｎ...     

南极中山站极区空间环境观测系统

中国南极中山站位于极隙区纬度,可以观测到丰富的日地能量传输过程的电离层征兆和极光现象,非常适合开展极区空间环境观测研究。自1989年开始建设以来,中山站极区空间环境观测系统经历了观测设备的不断完善和发展,现已建立了涵盖地面极光、电离层和地磁观测多要素、多手段的自主观测体系,实现了极区空间环境的连续监测并建立了数据库。所有观测设备的运行状态可实时监控,地磁、宇宙噪声吸收等数据实现了准实时远程传输。最后展望中国极区空间环境观测研究的发展前景。     

Tidal gravity variations revisited at Vostok Station, Antarctica

In 1969, prior to the discovery of the subglacial Lake Vostok, an Askania Gs-11 gravimeter was operated at Vostok Station (78.466°S, 106.832°E; 3478 m asl) to observe tidal gravity variations. To gain a better understanding of the lake's tidal dynamics, we reanalyzed these data using a Bayesian Tidal Analysis Program Grouping method (BAYTAP-G and -L programs). The obtained phase leads for the semidiurnal waves M2 (6.6 ± 2.1°) and S2 (10.1 ± 4.2°) are more pronounced than those of the diurnal waves, among which the largest phase lead (for K1) was 5.0 ± 0.5°. The obtained δ factor for M2 was 0.890 ± 0.032, significantly less than the theoretical value of 1.16. For three global ocean tide models (NAO99b, FES2004, and TPXO6.2), the estimated load tides on waves Q1, O1, P1, K1, M2, and S2 range from 0.1–0.2 μGal (Q1 and S2) to 0.6–0.7 μGal (K1). The difference in amplitude among the three models is less than 0.14 μGal (M2), and the difference in phase is generally less than 10°. In calculating the residual tide vectors using the ocean models, the TPXO6.2 model generally gave the smallest residual amplitudes. Our result for the K1 wave was anomalously large (1.36 ± 0.25 μGal), while that for the M2 wave was sufficiently small (0.37 ± 0.17 μGal). The associated uncertainty is half that reported in previous studies. It is interesting that the residual K1 tide is approximately 90° phase-leaded, while the M2 tide is approximately 180° phase-leaded (delayed). Importantly, a similar reanalysis of data collected at Asuka Station (71.5°S, 24.1°E) gave residual tides within 0.2–0.3 μGal for all major diurnal and semidiurnal waves, including the K1 wave. Therefore, the anomalous K1 residual tide observed at Vostok Station must be linked to the existence of the subglacial lake and the nature of solid–ice–water dynamics in the region.     

The characteristics of Pi2 pulsations at Zhongshan Station of Antarctica

In this paper Pi2 pulsations at Zhongshan Station of Antarctica are analyzed from October 1 - 31, 1996. Their characteristics e. g. occurrence frequency,frequency, and polarization are studied. The characteristics of Pi2 pulsations are summerized as follows: (1 ) Pi2 pulsations at Zhongshan Station usually take place from 2000 MLT to 0200 MLT; the main frequencies are between 6. 79 mHz and 13. 58mHZ; (2 ) Pi2 pulsations with low frequencies are dominent. The range of main frequencies becomes narrow at midnight; (3) The Polarization of Pi2 pulsations are almost linear; (4) About the orientation of major axes the NW-SE direction is dominent before 2200 MLT and NE-SW is dominent after 2200 MLT. The generation mechanism of Pi2 pulsations at Zhongshan Station is discussed theoretically.     

Polarization characteristics of Pc3 pulsations at Zhongshan Station of Antarctica

In this paper the data of geomagnetic pulsations at Zhongshan Station from February 3 to Novernber 30 in 1996 are analyzed in ordcr to study polarization characteristics of Zhongshan Station Pc3 pulsations which comprises the cusp Pc3 pulsation and the nightside Pc3 pulsation. For the cusp Pc3 pulsation. the right-handed polarization is always dominant. But their orientation of major axes of polarizations changes with season, NW-SE is dominant in summer and NE-SW in winter. For the nightside Pc3 pulsation,the right-handed with NE-SW is always dominant before midnight. But the left-handed with the mixing orientation of major axes is dominant in summer and the NE-SW with the mixing polarization sense is dominant in winter after midnight. It means that the two types of Zongshan Station Pc3 pulsations have different sources.     

Annual variations in the meteorological parameters at Jinnah Station，East Antarctica

ＡｎｎｕａｌｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｔｈｅｍｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓａｔＪｉｎｎａｈＳｔａｔｉｏｎ，ＥａｓｔＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａＴａｒｉｑＭａｓｏｏｄＡｌｉＫｈａｎ；Ｄ．Ａ．ＲａｚｚａｑａｎｄＭ．Ｍ．Ｒａｂｂａｎｉ（Ｎａｔｉｏｎ...     

Ionospheric absorption at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica during magnetic storms in early May, 1998

In the paper the high latitude ionospheric absorption events, monitored by an imaging riometer at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica, are examined during magnetic storms in early May, 1998. The storm absorption at ~0639 UT on May 2 was mainly an equatorward progressing absorption event, which were associated with a strong negative bay of the magnetic H component and with a large Pc3 range pulsation. There was a time lag of about 1. 5 hours between the onset of the ionospheric disturbance and the IMF southward turning in the solar wind. The event at 2222 UT on May 2 was a typical midnight absorption spike event. The absorption region took the form of an elongated strip with the length of 100 - 150 km and the width of 30 - 40 km. The absorption during 0830 - 1200 UT on May 6 was a polar cap absorption (PCA) event,caused by intense precipitation of high-energy protons erupted after a large solar flare explosion.     

The extremely intense CNA events observed at Zhongshan Station in July, 2000

Using the ground observation data at Zhongshan Station of Antarctica during July 13 to 17, 2000, the intense absorption events associated with the activities of the solar active region R9077 are analyzed. It was shown that an intense polar cap absorption event lasted more than 3 days, which was caused by the solar proton event associated with the X5/3B major flare at 1024 UT on July 13. The polar cap event started at about 1040 UT on July 14, and lasted to about 1940 UT on July 17, with a typical day night variation. At the same time, the intense solar activities extremely disturbed the magnetosphere, therefore aurora substorms occurred frequently. The energetic particle precipitation from the magnetosphere caused several absorption spikes superposing on the background of polar cap absorption. One distinct event is the absorption enhancement that started at about 0300 UT on July 15, reached its peak of 26 dB at about 0645 UT and recovered at about 1110 UT on the same day, which was the strongest absorption event observed at Zhongshan Station since the imaging riometer installed in February, 1997. Another outstanding absorption spike with pulsation occurred at about 1753 UT on 14th, its peak reached to 6 dB.     

Seasonal characteristics of F region in lower solar activity period at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica

Based on data of Digisonde Portable Sounder-4 (DPS-4 ) in 1995 -1997. we have analyzed the seasonal variations of F region at Zhongshan Station (69. 4°S,76. 4°E ). During the summer of Zhongshan Station, F region ionization is mainly controlled by the solar ultraviolet radiation. Similar to the phenomena in mid-latitude area, the value f0F2 is changed with local time. During equinox scasons, soft electron precipitation from the cusp/cleft region seems significant, f0F2 is changed with rnagnetic local time, and shows the magnetic noon phenomenon. In winter. the effect of the solar radiation on the F region is less than that of summer. Instead, F region is affected by particle precipitation from cusp/cleft region as well as polar plasma convection, there fore, the diurnal variation of f0F2 is more complex and shows two peaks. F region occurs all day in summer. and seldom appears at midnight in equinox.In winter, F region shows two minimums, one is at midnight and the other is at afternoon cusp. Further analysis of the F region spread indicates that in winter the aurora oval passes over the Zhongshan Station is at 1100 UT - 1500 UT.     

Magnetotelluric sounding study in the region of Zhongshan Station，East Antarctica

ＭａｇｎｅｔｏｔｅｌｌｕｒｉｃｓｏｕｎｄｉｎｇｓｔｕｄｙｉｎｔｈｅｒｅｇｉｏｎｏｆＺｈｏｎｇｓｈａｎＳｔａｔｉｏｎ，ＥａｓｔＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａＫｏｎｇＸｉａｎｇｒｕ（孔祥儒）ａｎｄＺｈａｎｇＪｉａｎｊｕｎ（张建军）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｐｈ...     

An unidentified geophysical event recorded with L&R-ET gravity meter at Zhongshan Station,Antarctica

ＡｎｕｎｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｄｇｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｅｖｅｎｔｒｅｃｏｒｄｅｄｉｔｈＬ＆Ｒ－ＥＴｇｒａｖｉｔｙｍｅｔｅｒａｔＺｈｏｎｇｓｈａｎＳｔａｔｉｏｎ，ＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａTX＠郝晓光Ａｎｕｎｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｄｇｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｅｖｅｎｔｒｅｃｏｒ...     

A study on nano－ and microdiatoms in the intertidal zones of Zhongshan Station，Antarctica

Ａｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｎａｎｏ－ａｎｄｍｉｃｒｏｄｉａｔｏｍｓｉｎｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｔｉｄａｌｚｏｎｅｓｏｆＺｈｏｎｇｓｈａｎＳｔａｔｉｏｎ，ＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａＺｈｕＧｅｎｈａｉ（朱根海）；ＬｕＤｏｕｄｉｎｇ（陆斗定）ａｎｄＷａｎｇＺｉｐａｎ（王自磐）（Ｓ...     

Spatial variations of Pb,As, and Cu in surface snow along the transect from the Zhongshan Station to Dome A,East Antarctica

The spatial distributions of lead, arsenic, and copper(Pb, As, and Cu, respectively) in surface snow along the transect from the Zhongshan Station to Dome A, East Antarctica, are presented. The mean concentrations of Pb, As, and Cu are1.04±1.56 pg/g, 0.39±0.08 pg/g, and 11.2±14.4 pg/g, respectively. It is estimated that anthropogenic contributions are dominant for Pb, As, and Cu. Spatially, Pb concentrations show an exponentially decreasing trend from the coast inland, while a moderate decreasing trend is observed for Cu concentrations in the coastal area(below 2,000 m above sea level(a.s.l.)).In the intermediate area(2,000–3,000 m a.s.l.), the concentrations and enrichment factors of all these elements show high variability due to the complicated characteristics of climate and environment. On the inland plateau(above 3,000 m a.s.l.),the high concentrations of As and Pb are induced by high deposition efficiency, the existence of polar stratospheric precipitation, and the different fraction deposition to East Antarctica. The extremely high concentrations with maximum values of9.59 pg/g and 69.9 pg/g for Pb and Cu, respectively, are suggested to result mainly from local human activities at the station. Our results suggest that source, transport pathway, and deposition pattern, rather than distance from the coast or altitude, lead to the spatial distributions of Pb, As, and Cu; and it is further confirmed by spatial variations of the three metals deposited over the whole continent of Antarctica.     

Atmospheric boundary layer structure and turbulent flux transfer over the Zhongshan Station area,Antarctica

ＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙｌａｙｅｒｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄｔｕｂｕｌｅｎｔｆｌｕｘｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒｏｖｅｒｔｈｅＺｈｏｎｇｓｈａｎＳｔａｔｉｏｎａｒｅａ，ＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａTX＠曲绍厚＠高登义＠邹捍Ａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙｌａｙ...     

The digital mapping produced with satellite image of the Zhongshan Station area in Antarctica

ＴｈｅｄｉｇｉｔａｌｍａｐｐｉｎｇｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｗｉｔｈｓａｔｅｌｌｉｔｅｉｍａｇｅｏｆｔｈｅＺｈｏｎｇｓｈａｎＳｔａｔｉｏｎａｒｅａｉｎＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａＳｕｎＪｉａｂｉｎｇ（孙家）ａｎｄＧａｎＸｉｎｚｈｅｎｇ（甘信铮）（ＷｕｈａｎＴｅｃｈｎｉ...