Allocating local groundwater monitoring stations for South Korea using an analytic hierarchy process

A national groundwater-monitoring network consisting of 320 stations has been operated by the Ministry of Construction and Transportation and the Korea Water Resources Corporation since 1995. The network was established as a result of the Groundwater Act of Korea, and a supplementary local groundwater monitoring network containing 10,000 stations will be established throughout the country by the year 2011. A method of allocating stations and organizing the local monitoring network has been developed, based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), using pairwise comparison. Several evaluation criteria were selected for determining the required number of the monitoring stations at specific local districts. Weights of the selected criteria were assigned by the pairwise comparison, reflecting hydrogeological conditions and supported by pertinent questions to 93 groundwater experts. To evaluate appropriateness of this method, an example city, Jeonju, was selected where groundwater levels were monitored; seven stations were determined as to be required for the supplementary groundwater-monitoring network. The study demonstrated the usefulness of the AHP. The concepts of the development and the structure of the AHP model can be applied to site or well selections within a particular district.     

层次分析法(AHP)在三江平原地质环境质量评价中的应用

应用层次分析法(AHP)对影响三江平原环境地质质量的岩石、土壤和水3个子系统分别进行评价,通过分析影响各子系统的主要因子,建立子系统层次结构模型和质量指数数学模型,得出各子系统的质量指数,从而评价出各个子系统的质量状况。在此基础上,建立地质环境系统质量评价的层次结构模型和数学模型,计算出地质环境质量指数,并对该地区的质量状况进行评价,得出三江地区总体环境地质状况是好的结论。     

A review of landslide hazards in Japan and assessment of their susceptibility using an analytical hierarchic process (AHP) method

In spite of its small size, Japan suffers many landslide disasters due to intense rainfall and earthquakes. This article describes the distribution and topography of these landslides, and a new method of evaluating the susceptibility, the analytical hierarchic process (AHP). The method assigns scores to each factor of micro-topography of landslide-prone areas identified in aerial photographs, and assesses the susceptibility of landslide from the total score. In addition, a method of simulating sliding mass runout is briefly presented for the designating sediment-related disaster warning areas.     

A distributed water-heat coupled model for mountainous watershed of an inland river basin in Northwest China (III) using the outputs from Mesoscale model version 5

The distributed water-heat coupled (DWHC) model is calibrated, with the help of the Mesoscale model version 5 (MM5), by calculating the daily precipitation, the daily average air temperature at the 2.0 m heights and the daily potential evaporation in Heihe mountainous watershed area and its vicinity (96.786°∼102.284°E, 37.328°∼40.601°N, 17 × 10⁴ km²), from February 11 to June 30, 2003. The MM5 model periodically ran every 10 days in 3 km × 3 km grid resolution with an integral time step of 3 s. In the MM5 model, many scheme or options are consulted or adopted, such as the Grell scheme cumulus parameterization method, the Dudhia option, the cloud-radiation scheme, MRF PBL option and the modified Oregon State University Land-surface model (OSULSM). According to the projection transform methods, the MM5 outputs are interpolated to the 1 km × 1 km grid in Alberts projection by using triangle-based cubic interpolation (Cubic) and nearest neighbor interpolation (Nearest) methods, with which the DWHC model shares the same method. The result shows that, when the Nearest method is used, the Nash-Sutcliffe equation value of the daily average runoff is 0.79, the balance error is −0.79% and the goodness of fit R ² value is 0.81. Meanwhile, when the Cubic method is used, the Nash-Sutcliffe equation value, the balance error and the R ² value are 0.79, −0.65% and 0.80, respectively. Though the runoff simulation result is not favorable, it is still better than that using measured data at the meteorological and hydrological stations; the latter has a Nash-Sutcliffe equation value of 0.61. The MM5-DWHC model results also show that runoff mainly occurs on land surfaces and from shallow soil layers. According to model calibration results, certain outputs of MM5 are singular to some extent and the DWHC model is very sensitive to the initial values.