华南热水成因硅质岩建造的稀土元素地球化学特征

本文在华南地区若干个重要层位热水成因硅质岩建造的稀土元素地球化学数据的基础上,讨论了热水成因硅质岩的REE特征及其与形成环境的关系。指出典型热水沉积建造的δCe为负异常,而δEu为正异常,且LREE>HREE;这种热水成因的硅质岩REE总量普遍较低,且有从热水喷口向外REE总量增高的趋势。热水成因硅质泥岩与正常沉积成因硅质泥的混合存在使稀土元素分布状况变得更复杂。     

云南镇雄茅口组硅质岩稀土元素地球化学特征及沉积背景浅析

镇雄地区二叠系茅口组灰岩中部发育薄层状硅质岩夹层,本次工作对漆树湾及石场坝路线茅口组中部硅质岩夹层采取样品10件,并将样品磨制成薄片10片。对薄片进行镜下观察发现,硅质岩内普遍发育富液相气液两相流体包裹体。通过对所取10块硅质岩进行稀土元素分析测试,结果表明,稀土元素总量较低,LREE/HREE平均值范围为13.47～34.02;Ce/Ce~*平均值变化范围为0.29～0.51,为负异常;Eu/Eu~*平均值变化范围为1.19～1.31,为弱正异常。对比扬子地台南北缘二叠系层状硅质岩稀土元素特征发现,扬子地台西部镇雄地区层状硅质岩稀土元素地球化学特征与扬子南北缘层状硅质岩整体差异较大。但(La/Yb)_N,(La/Ce)_N等部分地球化学参数与扬子南缘相对接近,体现出二者具有一定的亲缘性。综合分析认为,镇雄地区二叠系茅口组硅质岩形成于受峨眉山玄武岩活动影响的陆表海环境背景,硅质岩以热水沉积成因为主。     

粤西长坑金银矿区硅质岩的地质地球化学特征及成因探讨

下石碳统梓门桥组硅质岩是粤西长坑金银矿床的直接容矿岩石。本区硅质岩内层纹状、多孔状、同生角砾状等沉积组构发育，岩石化学成分，微量元素及稀土元素等地球化学特征与加拿大沙利文热液沉积岩等世界著名的热水沉积硅质岩相似，属于热水沉积成因。     

碧口岩群硅质岩成因及地质意义

碧口块状硫化物矿床直接赋矿主岩硅质岩地质特征及常量、微量、稀土元素组成表明,碧口岩群硅质岩为同火山岩喷流热水沉积成因。碧口岩群硅质岩常量元素富Fe、贫Si,为典型热水沉积成因;其微量元素、稀土元素特征均与现代大洋热水沉积物相似。热水硅质岩Eu异常与古流体温度存在密切关系,Eu／Eu特征显示筏子坝、铜矿坡为较高温度喷流产物,而大茅坪、黑窝子、铜矿梁、周家坡则为较低温度下的产物。     

临沧锗矿床的稀土元素地球化学研究

通过对临沧锗矿床中基底花岗岩、矿化煤以及硅质岩的稀土元素地球化学研究认为盆地基底花岗提供了形成锗矿化的锗和形成硅质岩的硅；本区陆相热水成因硅质岩的Ce异常不明显，相对富集LREE；矿化煤相对富集HREE，这可能主要与矿化煤在含锗热液的相互作用过程中，煤对重烯土的优先富集有关。     

皖南晚震旦世硅质岩的成因研究

研究区位于华南下扬子区构造活动带,地层剖面中有火山英安岩,硅质岩中含火山碎屑,它们的存在表明本区在晚震旦世曾发生火山活动并影响沉积物成份。元素分析显示本区硅质岩化学组成与火山成因硅质岩相似,高的Ｂａ含量,具与壳型花岗岩相似的稀土元素分布模式,指示本区硅质岩的硅源可能来自海底火山喷发。文章同时还讨论了硅质的搬运和沉积作用。     

白银矿田外围横湾沟硅质岩的研究意义

热水沉积硅质岩既有一定的找矿意义 ,又有重要的理论意义。由硅质岩的常量元素、稀土元素等地球化学特征研究表明 ,横湾沟硅质岩具有热水沉积硅质岩地球化学特征 ,在Al -Fe-Mn三角图上 ,属热水沉积硅质岩。由δCe值分析表明 ,本区硅质岩沉积环境主要为大陆边缘。     

福建李坊重晶石矿床硅质岩地球化学特征及其构造背景

为研究福建李坊重晶石矿床硅质岩的成因和构造背景,对该矿床9件硅质岩样品进行了主量元素、稀土元素和微量元素地球化学分析。结果显示:重晶石化硅质岩富Al、Ti、Fe、Mn和Mg,顶板硅质岩富Al、Fe,贫Mn、Ti、Mg; 重晶石化硅质岩和顶板硅质岩稀土元素含量均较低,且富集轻稀土元素,Eu呈弱负异常-正异常,Ce呈负异常-弱正异常; Ba、Sr、Rb和Th相对富集,Ta、Hf和Y相对亏损。李坊重晶石矿床中硅质岩为热水沉积成因,硅质岩在沉积过程中受陆源物质输入影响,形成于酸性氧化的大陆边缘构造环境。     

云南墨江金矿床硅质岩的地质地球化学特征及其意义

墨江金矿床厂组中下段硅质岩具有典型的沉积构造，岩石富集∑Fe和As 、Sb、Bi、Ga等微量元素（相对于地壳克拉克值），而相对贫AI2O3；稀土元素以总量（∑REE）低，负铈异常为特征，与热水沉积的硅质岩特征相似。在判别硅质岩形成与作用的一系列主量和微量元素图解上，本区的硅质岩位于热水沉积作用范围，但四十八两山段硅质岩有趋近于正常化学沉积作用。利用硅质岩的氧同位素计算出它的形成温度为128－146℃。地质、地球化学特征表明本区硅质岩的形成与热水沉积作用有关，但四十八两山段硅质岩受到正常化学沉积作用的影响。、     

北大巴山镇坪地区早寒武世硅质岩的地球化学特征及成因

本文对北大巴山镇坪地区下寒武统杨家堡组和庄子沟组硅质岩的主量、微量和稀土元素地球化学特征做了较为系统的研究,结果表明：硅质岩SiO2含量在72.7%~98%之间,庄子沟组SiO2含量比杨家堡组低,相对富集Al2O3、Fe2O3和TiO2;微量元素相对地壳元素丰度都富集Ni、Mo、Ag、V、U,而贫Co和Th,庄子沟组还富集Cu、As和Bi;硅质岩稀土元素总量ΣREE在7.60×10-6~119.78×10-6之间,轻稀土元素相对重稀土元素富集(LREE/HREE﹥1),北美页岩标准化配分曲线呈左倾特征,具有正Eu和负Ce异常,庄子沟组ΣREE大于杨家堡组,且更富集轻稀土元素LREE,而杨家堡组具有更明显的左倾配分曲线和负Ce异常特征。杨家堡组硅质岩为生物和热水混合沉积成因,具有大洋盆地沉积环境硅质岩的特征;庄子沟下部硅质岩为生物和热水混合沉积成因,向上生物和热水作用减弱,陆源物质的贡献显著增加,上部硅质岩为正常陆缘沉积背景上叠合了生物和热水沉积,可能有部分火山物质的加入,庄子沟组硅质岩从下部到上部具有大洋盆地沉积环境硅质岩向大陆边缘盆地沉积环境硅质岩过渡的特征。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861