燕山-渤海地震带的现今构造应力环境

应用中小地震的震源机制解资料,分析了燕山-渤海地震带现今构造应力场总体与分区特征.分析发现,该带现今构造应力场总体方向为:主压应力轴方位大约为70～80°,主张应力轴方位大约为340～350°;该带现今以水平、近于水平兼有一定斜向作用的主压应力为主.同时,结合有关资料分析了该带的地震活动.     

由震源机制解推断苏鲁皖豫地区的现代构造应力场

根据1973—1979年苏、鲁、皖、豫地区37个中小地震(M=2.1—6.0)震源机制结果的统计分析,得到地震应力场的优势分布:主压应力轴约76°,主张应力轴约344°。表明本区处于北东东向水平压应力和北北西向水平张应力的现代构造应力场作用之中。结合部分中小地震等震线长轴方向及晚第三纪以来断裂走向的优势分布均为北北东向这一特点,推测现今地震破裂具有继承性。最后讨论了本区现代构造应力场与其北部和南部的不同关系     

沈阳及其附近地区小震复合震源机制解

在收集了沈阳及其附近地区 (12 1°30′～ 12 4°30′E ,4 1°～ 4 3°N)已有地震震源机制解成果的基础上 ,利用MAPSIS系统提供的P波初动求解方法 ,求解了 1974年 12月～ 2 0 0 1年 12月期间 ,该区域小震复合震源机制解 (平均解 )。结果表明 ,研究区主压应力轴P轴集中分布在NEE SWW方向 ,主张应力轴T轴集中分布在NNW SSE方向 ,这与本地区区域应力场的方向一致。     

用震源机制解确定东北地区地壳应力场

利用中、强震震源机制资料和区域小震平均解给出了中国东北地区地壳应力场的分布。由多个震源机制的平均结果得到,东北南部地区(42°30’以南)主压应力方向为NE70°。东北中部地区(吉林省和黑龙江省东南部)主压应力方向近似NE100°,它与深源地震震源机制解P轴一致,可能该区应力场分布受深源地震影响,东北北部地区(黑龙江省和内蒙北部)主压应力方向为NE58°。东北地区浅源地震震源机制解P轴仰角大多数小于30°,表明该区以水平应力为主。由震源机制结果也讨论了中国东北地区地震断层活动状况。     

宁夏南部地区地震活动特征

研究了宁夏南部地区（35°20＇～37°40＇N，104°30＇～106°30＇E）小震综合机制解的变化特征．发现在中强地震前，该地区小震综合机制解的P轴方位偏离平均值，向E或SE偏转，其仰角有增大的趋势，同时小震纵波（Pn和Pg）初动符号一致．6次中强地震的震源机制解表明，该地区P轴方位与主压应力方向基本一致，因此该地区发生破坏性地震的可能性不大．近几年来的地震活动图像显示，该地区的地震活动有向中卫、中宁和同心地区集中的迹象．     

珊溪水库地震小震震源机制解特征研究

利用P波初动和直达P、S波最大速度振幅比联合求解小震震源机制的方法求出珊溪水库ML2.0以上地震的震源机制,得到了珊溪水库震源机制各参数时空特征如下:主压应力为SN向,主张应力为EW向,应力主要为水平应力,发震断层倾角较大且多为走滑断层。在个别4级左右地震前P轴方位都有偏离再恢复的现象。在北纬27.65°～27.69°间,P轴方位集中在0°±30°或者180°±30°,节面走向集中在45°±15°或者135°±15°。震源深度大于4km的地震倾角多集中在70°～90°度之间。     

宁夏及其邻区地震活动带与小区域构造应力场

本文利用宁夏及其邻区地震台网记录的18099个初动符号,以单个地震震源机制解和小震综合解的平均解,求得7个小区的区域构造应力场。全区主压应力场的平均方位为39°左右。各小区的平均主压应力方位为:西(吉)、海(原)、固(原)地区60°;银川平原及石咀山地区42°;石咀山以北、以西地区26°;(中)卫、(中)宁地区17°。各区均以来自西南方向的压应力为主。并认为当弱震活动带走向与主压应力方位成25°—30°夹角时,未来在这些条带上发生中强地震的可能性较大     

2004年阳江MS4.9地震震源参数分析

利用广东数字地震台网的资料计算了2004年9月17日广东阳江Ms4.9地震的震源机制为:节面走向57°,倾角47°,滑动角69°,主压应力方向342°,倾角0°,主张应力方向252°,倾角75°,属逆断层性质;地震矩为1.69×1015N·m,应力降为1.7 MPa,震源半径为876 m.根据阳江地区震前22个ML＞2.5的中小地震震源参数,得到一些经验关系.S波拐角频率随时间的变化显示出Ms4.9地震前有下降趋势;阳江序列P轴方位角的变化显示出震前4个月应力开始趋于一致.     

首都圈地区震源机制解综合研究

对首都圈地区2002年1月～2010年6月619个ML≥2.0地震的震源机制解的基本特征进行了统计分析,并且依据区域构造特征将首都圈划分为3个区域,用聚类统计方法中的最长距离法对各分区的机制解进行了聚类分析,研究了各分区的构造应力张量特征。研究结果表明,首都圈地区震源机制解P轴方位的优势分布为NNE-NEE向,T轴方位的优势分布为NNW-NWW向,绝大多数地震震源处的应力场以水平作用为主,破裂以水平走滑为主。首都圈西部最大主压应力方位为NE75°,中部最大主压应力方位为NE62°,东部最大主压应力方位近EW向,区域构造应力场以水平向挤压为主要特征。     

云南耿马7.2级地震地表破裂带研究

根据野外考察的实际资料,本文介绍了耿马7.2级地震地表破裂带的展布,结构要素及组合、位移分布等情况。同时依据位错资料对破裂带的应力活动及断裂两盘的运动状态进行了初步分析。认为本次地震发震构造以右旋走滑为主兼具张性,主压应力优势方位为N5°—10°E。断层两盘相对运动的总体方向为N55°W左右,断层运动的滑移角在30°—40°之间     

Characteristics of teh seismic source stress field in teh joint region of Xianshuihe ,Long Monitoring the horizontal movement along the Shanxi faults

Twenty-two earthquakes (M _L=2.2–3.7) in the joint region of Xianshuihe, Longmenshan and An’ninghe faults are studied in this paper. The source mechanism solutions of these events are obtained using P-wave first motion method, and the characteristics of the source stress field and rupture in the joint region are summarized preliminarily with some results of other researchers. Being strongly extruded by the approximately horizontal regional stress with the direction from north-west to south-east and the effect of the complex tectonics in the region, the source stress field has complex and variable characteristics. The earthquakes mainly show normal or strike-slip faults in Yajiang, North-triangle and west of Chengdu-block areas, indicating that the vertical forces have been playing an important role in the source stress fields, while the earthquakes mainly show reverse or strike-slip faults in Baoxing-Tianquan area, with the horizontal components of the principal pressure stress axes identical to the south-west direction to which the shallow mass is moving. We think that the manifold combinations of earthquake faults are the micro-mechanism based upon which the large regional shallow crust mass has been moving continually.     

Characteristics of the seismic source stress field in the joint region of Xianshuihe, Longmenshan and An(ninghe faults

IntroductionSichuan region is one of the extruded and connected parts between the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and Yangtze block. And the joint region of Xianshuihe, Longmenshan and An(ninghe faults reflects the structure characteristics formed by the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(s extruding to Yangtze block and the Sichuan basin evolutionary process as fore-land basin. The researches on seismic activity in Sichuan region were mainly around Xianshuihe, Longmenshan and An(ninghe faults separ…     

The possible changes of tectonic stress fields in North China in 16–17th centuries

The ancient tectonic stress field in North China during 16–17th centuries were recovered by studying seismogenic faults of four great earthquakes. Three of them are dip slip events, the direction of the maximum principal stress is vertical, and that of the minimum principal stress is in the NW—SE direction and nearly horizontal tensile stress. Another earthquake is a complicated one which includes thrust and dip-slip activities. The above-stated character is quite different from that of present stress field, it is inferred that the stress field has significantly changed since 16th century, the main stress axis revolved an angle of 90 degrees nearly. The mantle upheaval in the faulted basins in North China during 16–17th centuries may cause the tensile stress field and a series of great earthquakes. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, 144–148, 1992.     

Crustal seismic anisotropy in Yunnan, Southwestern China

Using seismic data recorded by Yunnan Telemetry Seismic Network from January 1, 2000, to May 31, 2005, the polarization directions of fast shear waves are obtained at 15 seismic stations by SAM technique, which is a systematic analysis method on shear-wave splitting. The results show that predominant directions of polarizations of fast shear waves at most stations are mainly nearly in the N–S or NNW directions in Yunnan. The predominant polarization directions of fast shear waves at stations located on the active faults are consistent with the strike of active faults, directions of regional principal compressive strains from GPS measurement, and directions of regional principal compressive stress. A few of the stations show that polarization patterns of fast shear waves are more complicated or inconsistent with the strike of active faults and the directions of principal GPS compressive strains; these stations are always located at the junction of several faults. We conclude that the predominant polarization direction of fast shear waves indicates that the direction of the in situ maximum principal compressive stress is controlled by multiple tectonic aspects, such as the regional stress field and faults.     

2020年云南巧家M5.0地震震源机制解与震源区应力场研究

基于国家测震台网数据中心提供的波形资料,采用gCAP方法反演2020年5月18日云南巧家M5.0地震及研究区域51次地震震源机制解,并收集研究区域震源机制解50个.采用网格搜索法反演区域构造应力场,并对研究区域采用不同划分进行应力场反演.获得以下结论:①主震震源机制解节面Ⅰ的走向、倾角和滑动角分别为175°、67°和-...     

2015年尼泊尔强震序列对中国大陆的应力影响

基于2015年尼泊尔地震序列的破裂模型及均匀弹性半空间模型,计算了该地震序列传递到中国西藏境内发生在定日县地震和聂拉木县地震的应力.2015年尼泊尔地震序列导致定日县地震和聂拉木地震节面和滑动方向的库仑应力增加(2~3)×103 Pa和(2.4~3.1)×105 Pa,表明这两个地震受到尼泊尔地震序列的触发.其次,我们计算了2015年尼泊尔地震序列在中国大陆及其附近主要活动断层上产生的库仑应力变化.喜马拉雅主山前逆冲断裂和青藏高原内部的拉张正断层上的库仑应力有较大的增加,而青藏高原的走滑断裂,如阿尔金断裂、东昆仑断裂、玉树玛曲断裂、班公错断裂西部、嘉黎断裂的库仑应力有较大的降低.天山南北两侧的断裂库仑应力降低.而华北及东北、华南地区的库仑应力变化几乎可以忽略不计.最后,计算了该地震序列造成的水平应力变化.水平面应力在2015年尼泊尔地震序列北向(青藏高原大部和新疆区域)增加(拉张),而在地震序列东侧的西藏南部和川滇地区南部降低(压缩),在华北和东北仅有少许增加,在华南地区有少许降低.在中国西部,主压应力表现为以2015年地震序列为圆心的向外辐射状,而主张应力方向与同心圆切线方向大体一致.水平主压应力方向在东北地区为北东向,在华北地区为北东东向,在华南地区为南东东向.这种模式与现今构造应力场方向相似,表现了2015尼泊尔地震序列所代表的印度板块和欧亚板块的碰撞是中国大陆构造变形的主要动力来源.     

Shear-wave splitting in the southeast of Cathaysia block, South China

This study is focused on Fujing Province in China, southeast of Cathaysia block (SECB). The present work benefits from the data provided by the Fujian Seismic Network (FJSN) to study the seismic anisotropy in the crust. By means of a systematic analysis and adequate software package, we examine shear-wave splitting from data recorded at ten FJSN stations during the period January 1999 to December 2003. The results demonstrate that the average fast wave polarization is N109.4° E ± 42.6°, corresponding to the horizontal principal compressive stress in the test zone, and the average normalized slow wave time delay is 2.5 ± 1.5 ms/km. The predominant polarizations at stations in the eastern part of SECB are in the N–W direction, which suggests that they are related to the regional horizontal principal compressive stress and also to the strikes of faults. In contrast, the predominant polarizations at two stations in the western part of SECB are in the N–E direction. This polarization direction does not coincide with the direction of the horizontal principal compressive stress, but it follows the strikes of near faults, thus suggesting the influence of the local tectonics and a change in the stress field. The results prove that the predominant polarizations are parallel to the strikes of faults whenever the stations are on active faults. At a few stations near the coastal line, some polarizations show a certain amount of scatter which may be caused by crossing faults and irregular topography. Finally, the spatial distribution of time delays depicts strong lateral variations near the coast just where the seismic activity is comparatively bigger, so that the magnitude of anisotropy seems to be consistent with the most seismically active area.     

Study on in-situ stress measurement around coastal marginal land in Fujian

Introduction The southeast coastal margin of Chinese mainland is important to understand the mutual movement, matter exchange and energy transfer between ocean and land lithospheres, as well as their effects. The coastal area in Fujian Province is advanced in economy development but it has frequent earthquakes, or even strong earthquakes. Therefore, the current study on in-situ stress state measurement is of great significance for studying continental dynamics, marginal sea dy- namics, seismo…     

南北地震带震源机制解与构造应力场特征

南北地震带作为中国大陆地应力场一级分区的边界,其构造应力场的研究对理解大陆强震机理、构造变形和地震应力的相互作用具有重要意义.本文收集南北地震带1970—2014年的震源机制解819条,按照全球应力图的分类标准对震源机制解进行分类,发现其空间分布特征与地质构造活动性质比较吻合.P轴水平投影指示了活动块体的运动方向,T轴水平投影在川滇块体及邻近地区空间差异特征最为突出,存在顺时针旋转的趋势.南北地震带的最大水平主应力方向具有明显的分区特征,北段为NE向走滑类型的应力状态,中段为NEE—EW—NWW向的逆冲类型,南段为SE—SSE—NS—NNE向走滑和正断类型,在川滇块体的北部和西边界应力状态为EW—SE—SSE的正断层类型,表明来自印度板块的NNE或NE向的水平挤压应力和青藏高原物质东向滑移沿大型走滑断裂带向SE向平移的复合作用控制了南北地震带的岩石圈应力场.川滇块体西边界正断层类型应力状态范围与高分辨率地震学观测得到的中下地壳低速带范围基本吻合,青藏高原向东扩张的塑性物质流与横向边界(丽江—小金河断裂带)的弱化易于应变能的释放,在局部地区使NS向拉张的正断层向EW向拉张正断层转变.反演得到的应力状态基本上与各种类型地震的破裂方式比较吻合,也进一步验证反演结果的可靠性,可为地球动力学过程的模拟和活动断层滑动性质的厘定提供参考.