0808号台风"凤凰"登陆过程的三维变分同化试验

主要对0808号台风"凤凰"的登陆过程进行模拟试验.首先,利用GPS掩星资料反演的大气气压、温度和水汽资料以及云导风资料,对台风"凤凰"进行了三维变分同化及数值模拟试验.结果表明:同化不同资料,得到的台风初始场各不相同,对台风预报的影响也各不相同.同时同化GPS资料和云导风资料,对台风初始场的调整最大,对模拟台风登陆前...     

蒸发波导高度分布变化对雷达探测的影响研究

针对蒸发波导高度在海洋上水平分布不均匀,进而影响雷达探测距离的问题,采用雷达探测距离评估模式,对蒸发波导高度随距离变化条件下雷达探测距离进行仿真分析,结果表明当雷达天线位于水平非均匀的蒸发波导内,雷达在蒸发波导低的一侧向蒸发波导高的一侧探测时,雷达最大作用距离超过蒸发波导高的一侧向蒸发波导低的一侧探测时雷达的最大作用距离,这与视蒸发波导高度为水平均匀的采用单站蒸发波导数据评估雷达最大探测距离的结论相反。说明在蒸发波导高度水平分布非均匀的海域评估雷达作用距离时,需要获取大于雷达作用距离的蒸发波导数据,采用随距离变化的蒸发波导评估雷达作用距离。     

利用JPL行星/月球星历计算遥感水汽中的地球固体潮改正

简要介绍GPS遥感水汽的原理,详细讨论了计算地球固体潮改正模型的理论公式。介绍获取JPL星历的方法,以及如何利用JPL行星/月球星历来计算太阳和月亮的坐标,并逐步计算出地球固体潮改正。举例计算了地球固体潮改正,分析了其对水汽的影响,比较了太阳距离、月亮距离与地球固体潮改正的关系。     

GPS卫星反射信号增强技术研究

本文根据GPS卫星反射信号在海洋参数测量、无源雷达目标探测以及大地测绘中的应用,从天线接收、信号处理运算和多路径信号抵消角度,详细地研究了GPS卫星反射信号增强技术,给出了相应天线和电路结构及信号处理方法,并进行了计算机仿真,结果表明所提出的技术能增强GPS卫星反射信号。     

高频地波雷达海上目标航迹校正方法

高频地波雷达对海上目标跟踪探测时,由于距离和方位角分辨率低且受到随机噪声的干扰,导致对目标位置探测不准确,形成的航迹会偏离目标的真实位置,影响跟踪的准确性。针对这个问题,结合海上特定目标跟踪的实际,本文从航迹的角度出发,基于对距离和方位角误差时间序列的统计建模,提出了一种基于同步船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System,AIS)信息的高频地波雷达海上目标航迹校正方法。在高频地波雷达与AIS同步跟踪期间,采用统计回归的方法建立目标距离和方位角误差的校正模型;在高频地波雷达独立跟踪时,利用得到的模型分别对距离和方位角进行校正。利用实测高频地波雷达目标探测数据进行了航迹校正实验,校正后距离和方位角的均方根误差分别减少了约90%和75%,航迹跟踪效果得到了显著改善。     

高频地波雷达船只目标距离参数估计与评价

高频地波雷达是海上目标大范围连续跟踪探测的有效手段,在其探测结果中,目标的距离是一个重要的参数,其探测精度会影响目标的整体探测性能。本文给出了地波雷达目标距离参数的估计方法和处理流程,并基于地波雷达实测数据开展了目标距离估计及距离-速度耦合补偿处理,将目标距离参数估计结果与实测船舶自动识别系统数据开展了比对,统计分析了目标距离参数在补偿处理前后的误差及其影响因素。结果表明,目标距离参数经过耦合补偿处理之后,测距误差明显减小,测距精度得到了显著提高,最后结合个例分析,给出了距离补偿大小和正负与目标航向的关系。     

舰载对海雷达大气波导盲区评估及其补盲措施研究

大气波导是发生在对流层大气中的一种异常折射现象,它能够改变电磁波的正常传播特性,使电磁波传播能量重新分布,可以实现舰载对海雷达的超视距探测,同时也会产生舰载对海雷达的大气波导盲区。文中利用雷达电磁波探测概率分布法评估计算大气波导条件下雷达的盲区分布,针对不同频率雷达受大气波导的影响,分别分析了S、C、X波段雷达在不同波导环境下的盲区分布,给出大气波导条件下舰载对海雷达的补盲措施,为充分利用海上大气波导环境,指导舰船在航行训练过程中发挥雷达的作战效能,提供技术支持。     

基于海战环境的大气波导观测方法研究

海上作战一旦遇到大气波导,可使船载电子信息系统之间的短波通信距离增大数倍,同时通信距离范围内的部分区域会出现电磁盲区。该文以海上战场环境为背景,阐述了海上大气波导对未来海上作战的重要性。通过对大气波导的形成机制和影响机理进行研究,系统化概括了蒸发波导、表面波导和抬升波导的观测原理及常用观测方法。通过对比分析传统大气波导的观测方法,发现其在观测手段、观测精度、观测范围和观测成本方面存在局限性。基于此,该文提出一种多物理场协同探测的大气波导观测方法,该方法通过集合海上浮标网、船联网、星联网和岸基网等各类观测仪器和设备,可实时获取海上大气参数,构建海上大气波导预报系统。最终,通过该预报系统可实现海上大气波导大范围、高精度、实时性预报,对海上作战掌握制空权具有重要意义。     

船载多普勒声雷达

近20年来,声雷达已广泛地应用于陆地大气边界层的探测,并取得了很有价值的观测结果.由于在海洋上观察比较困难,声雷达在海上的观测还做得较少.在JONSWAPⅡ期间,Ot-tersten等[1]首先进行了船载声雷达的观测;在GATE(Global Atmospheric Research ProgramAtlantic Tropical Experiment)研究计划中,Mandics等[2]在美国NOAA的“海洋”号船上安装了单点声雷达,进行海洋大气边界层的温度层结探测.     

我国成功发射云海一号01星CSCD

2016年11月12日7时14分,我国在酒泉卫星发射中心,使用长征二号丁运载火箭（Y34）,成功将云海一号01星送入太空。云海一号01星主要用于大气海洋环境要素探测、空间环境探测、防灾减灾和科学试验等领域。     

A new method for estimating high-frequency radar error using data from Central San Francisco Bay

This study offers a new method for estimating High-Frequency (HF) radar surface current velocity error in data comparisons with other types of instrumentation. A new method is needed in order to remove the zero-mean random spatial and temporal fluctuations present in surface-current measurements from all sensors. Conventional methods for calculating radar error when comparing with another instrument have included their root mean square differences and scatter plots that provide correlation coefficient and slope/intercept of the regression line. It seems that a meaningful estimate of radar error should attempt to remove both sensors’ zero mean random fluctuations, inasmuch as possible. We offer and compare a method that does this. The method was tested on data collected in the Central San Francisco Bay, where GPS surface-drifter deployments were conducted within the coverage of four 42 MHz radars over six days in October of 2008. Drifters were continuously deployed in these areas over the sampling days, providing 525 usable drifter measurements. Drifter and radar measurements were averaged into thirty-minute time bins. The three-day long-term averages from the sampling areas were then subtracted from the thirtyminute averages to remove biases associated with comparisons done with short, disjoint time-sample periods. These were then used to develop methods that give radar error or bias after the random fluctuations have been removed. Results for error estimates in this study are commensurate with others where random fluctuations have been filtered, suggesting they are valid. The estimated error for the radars in the SF Bay is low, ranging from ?7.57 cm/s to 0.59 cm/s.     

GPS监测站伪距观测量评定广播星历精度的研究

论述了GPS监测站伪距观测量评定广播星历精度的基本方法。同时,分析并计算得出:利用GPS监测站载波相位观测量平滑伪距能明显提高伪距观测量评定广播星历的精度。采用2004年7月19日拉萨站伪距观测量对IGS提供的广播星历的精度进行了评定,实验结果表明,广播星历提供的卫星轨道精度从总体上达到3m左右。     

The 1-Centimeter Orbit: Jason-1 Precision Orbit Determination Using GPS, SLR, DORIS, and Altimeter Data

The Jason-1 radar altimeter satellite, launched on December 7, 2001 is the follow on to the highly successful TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) mission and will continue the time series of centimeter level ocean topography measurements. Orbit error is a major component in the overall error budget of all altimeter satellite missions. Jason-1 is no exception and has set a 1-cm radial orbit accuracy goal, which represents a factor of two improvement over what is currently being achieved for T/P. The challenge to precision orbit determination (POD) is both achieving the 1-cm radial orbit accuracy and evaluating the performance of the 1-cm orbit. There is reason to hope such an improvement is possible. The early years of T/P showed that GPS tracking data collected by an on-board receiver holds great promise for precise orbit determination. In the years following the T/P launch there have been several enhancements to GPS, improving its POD capability. In addition, Jason-1 carries aboard an enhanced GPS receiver and significantly improved SLR and DORIS tracking systems along with the altimeter itself. In this article we demonstrate the 1-cm radial orbit accuracy goal has been achieved using GPS data alone in a reduced dynamic solution. It is also shown that adding SLR data to the GPS-based solutions improves the orbits even further. In order to assess the performance of these orbits it is necessary to process all of the available tracking data (GPS, SLR, DORIS, and altimeter crossover differences) as either dependent or independent of the orbit solutions. It was also necessary to compute orbit solutions using various combinations of the four available tracking data in order to independently assess the orbit performance. Towards this end, we have greatly improved orbits determined solely from SLR+DORIS data by applying the reduced dynamic solution strategy. In addition, we have computed reduced dynamic orbits based on SLR, DORIS, and crossover data that are a significant improvement over the SLR- and DORIS-based dynamic solutions. These solutions provide the best performing orbits for independent validation of the GPS-based reduced dynamic orbits. The application of the 1-cm orbit will significantly improve the resolution of the altimeter measurement, making possible further strides in radar altimeter remote sensing.     

The 1-Centimeter Orbit: Jason-1 Precision Orbit Determination Using GPS,SLR, DORIS,and Altimeter Data Special Issue: Jason-1 Calibration/Validation

The Jason-1 radar altimeter satellite, launched on December 7, 2001 is the follow on to the highly successful TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) mission and will continue the time series of centimeter level ocean topography measurements. Orbit error is a major component in the overall error budget of all altimeter satellite missions. Jason-1 is no exception and has set a 1-cm radial orbit accuracy goal, which represents a factor of two improvement over what is currently being achieved for T/P. The challenge to precision orbit determination (POD) is both achieving the 1-cm radial orbit accuracy and evaluating the performance of the 1-cm orbit. There is reason to hope such an improvement is possible. The early years of T/P showed that GPS tracking data collected by an on-board receiver holds great promise for precise orbit determination. In the years following the T/P launch there have been several enhancements to GPS, improving its POD capability. In addition, Jason-1 carries aboard an enhanced GPS receiver and significantly improved SLR and DORIS tracking systems along with the altimeter itself. In this article we demonstrate the 1-cm radial orbit accuracy goal has been achieved using GPS data alone in a reduced dynamic solution. It is also shown that adding SLR data to the GPS-based solutions improves the orbits even further. In order to assess the performance of these orbits it is necessary to process all of the available tracking data (GPS, SLR, DORIS, and altimeter crossover differences) as either dependent or independent of the orbit solutions. It was also necessary to compute orbit solutions using various combinations of the four available tracking data in order to independently assess the orbit performance. Towards this end, we have greatly improved orbits determined solely from SLR+DORIS data by applying the reduced dynamic solution strategy. In addition, we have computed reduced dynamic orbits based on SLR, DORIS, and crossover data that are a significant improvement over the SLR- and DORIS-based dynamic solutions. These solutions provide the best performing orbits for independent validation of the GPS-based reduced dynamic orbits. The application of the 1-cm orbit will significantly improve the resolution of the altimeter measurement, making possible further strides in radar altimeter remote sensing.     

Measurement of ocean surface currents using a long-range,high-frequency ground wave radar

High-frequency (HF) ground wave radar (GWR) is emerging as a significant tool for monitoring ocean surface conditions at ranges well beyond the line-of-sight horizon that limits conventional systems. An experimental GWR system at Cape Race, Newfoundland, Canada that has been operational since 1991, has the ability to performing routine surveillance of oceanic surface parameters and surface target detection. Operating in the frequency range between 5 and 8 MHz, the frequency modulated interrupted continuous wave (FMICW) radar has a nominal range capability of 200 km. An experiment was performed during the period of October 20-November 21, 1992 to test the surface current measuring capability of the Cape Race system. Here, near real-time radial surface current information is extracted from the Doppler spectra of the radar time series data and a comparison is performed to the Lagrangian velocities derived from the position-time tracks of Accurate Surface Tracker (AST) drifters. A wide range of oceanic conditions were experienced during the experimental period, and favorable results were obtained from the comparison regardless of the sea state conditions. The analysis shows the standard deviation in the radar radial velocity component to be approximately 5 cm/s     

Real‐time failure detection in the carrier phase measurements of GPS by robust and conventional kalman state estimates

Among the fastest‐growing applications of high‐precision GPS positioning are those which are kinematic in nature. Carrier phase‐based GPS positioning of a moving antenna—for example, attached to a ship, an aircraft, or a land vehicle—is now commonplace. Recent software innovations make use of advanced ambiguity resolution “on the fly” and real‐time kinematic data processing algorithms to emulate the ease of operation of conventional differential GPS (DGPS) based on transmitted pseudo‐range corrections. However, as much higher accuracy must now be assured compared to DGPS, greater attention must be focused on the quality control aspects of GPS positioning. This study describes two methods for detecting failures or changes of small magnitude in real time in GPS measurements. Examination of the overlap or disjointedness of robust and conventional confidence intervals and studentized normal variates have been used as failure detection tools. These methods are based on testing the performance of the differences between the conventional (nonrobust) Kalman state estimates and the robust Kalman filler estimates. Detection of cycle slips in carrier phase data, outliers in phase rate or in code ranges, or any other type of disorder in the measurements of the GPS system can be addressed with these failure detection methods. Application and evaluation of the algorithms has been carried out using raw carrier‐phase and phase‐rate GPS measurements. It has been demonstrated that these failure detection tools provide powerful and efficient diagnostics for detecting small changes in the measurements of the GPS system.     

GPS浮标高程数据滤波窗函数选取方法

GPS浮标高程观测数据中含有大量的噪声,为了尽可能消除噪声影响和获取有效的潮位信息,尝试选用几种不同的窗函数数字低通滤波器对GPS浮标高程观测数据进行滤波。通过实例计算和结果比较,得出矩形窗具有较好的滤波效果。     

基于时间-Doppler分析的海杂波背景下小目标检测

为解决传统舰载雷达和岸基雷达很难检测出海杂波背景下小目标的现状,提出一种基于时间-Doppler分析法来检测小目标。该算法用离散短时傅里叶变换对实测海杂波数据分析得到不同距离门的时间-Doppler速度图,通过分析和比较距离门含有小目标的Doppler展宽和Doppler速度大小与其他距离门不含有小目标的Doppler展宽和速度大小的不同,即可检测出小目标。实验证明,该算法是有效的。