七野海泻湖的形成与演变

七时海泻湖位于渤海海湾的西北岸,是全新世晚期的一个半封闭泻湖。在其演变过程中至少经历过两次由泻湖－淡水湖－泻湖的过程。水体及湖体性质的变化决定于其是否与海连通及河流注入情况。近期,受人类经济活动及工程的影响,七里海泻湖生态系统遭到严重的破坏,并加速了泻湖的退化和消亡。     

昌黎黄金海岸七里海泻湖的历史演变和生态修复

本文介绍了昌黎黄金海岸七里海泻湖的概况和历史演变,指出:滦河迁徙、气候变化、海平面变迁以及人类活动是影响七里海泻湖演变的主要因素;拆除七里海防潮闸堤、恢复七里海泻湖水面、加强保护区的建设、发展旅游观光业和新型农业是七里海泻湖生态修复的重要措施。     

河北七里海砂坝——泻湖的沉积特征及发育过程

砂坝和泻湖通常构成一个统一的沉积体系,它们在现代海岸带分布相当普遍.对它们的研究必将对同类古代沉积有一定对比意义.我国东部沿海地带,砂坝——泻湖沉积体系有多种类型,处在不同的发育阶段,渤海西岸七里海砂坝——泻湖便是其中之一.1977年以来,我们在对滦河冲积扇——三角洲地区进行调查的同时,也对七里海砂坝——泻湖进行了调查和研究.本文将根据近年来野外调查和室内分析资料和成果,对七里砂坝——泻湖体系的沉积特征和发育过程,作一初步讨论.     

河北七里海外海岸沙丘群成因新探

七里海有中国第一大潟湖之称,多数学者认为七里海外的海岸沙丘群是在滨外沙坝的基础上发育形成的。研究认为,七里海外的海岸沙丘群是在末次冰期时期风成沙丘群的基础上演化形成的继承性沙丘综合体。七里海也不是科学意义上的潟湖,它没有形成海岸沙坝这一潟湖形成的过程,其前身是晚更新世末期由风暴活动形成的风蚀洼地。应加强七里海外海岸沙丘群的形成、发育类型及演化过程的研究,从多角度探究七里海外海岸沙丘群的演化机理和发育趋势。     

七里海溻湖的演化与修复

阐述了从明代至今七里海渴湖的演化过程。近年来,在人类活动的干预下,七里海湖面萎缩,湿地面积减少,生物多样性锐减,生态系统遭到严重破坏,正走向消亡。分析了其变化原因,并提出几点修复措施。     

七里海溻湖的演化与修复

阐述了从明代至今七里海渴湖的演化过程。近年来,在人类活动的干预下,七里海湖面萎缩,湿地面积减少,生物多样性锐减,生态系统遭到严重破坏,正走向消亡。分析了其变化原因,并提出几点修复措施。     

七里海潟湖的演化与修复

阐述了从明代至今七里海澙湖的演化过程.近年来,在人类活动的干预下,七里海湖面萎缩,湿地面积减少,生物多样性锐减,生态系统遭到严重破坏,正走向消亡.分析了其变化原因,并提出几点修复措施.     

渤海湾西北岸泻湖自然演变及其人为陆化

渤海湾西北岸发育有中纬度地区典型的滨外沙坝泻湖及沿岸沙坝泻湖。泻湖不仅是该海岸区域内的一个重要组成部分,同时亦是海岸带自然资源丰富的地带。然而,由于泻湖的自然演变退化,更重要的是人类活动的影响,致使泻湖生境遭到严重破坏,同时也加速了泻湖陆化消亡过程。本文以渤海湾西北岸泻湖为例,讨论了泻湖的自然演变及其人为陆化问题。     

渤海湾西北岸泻湖自然演变及其人为陆化

渤海湾西北岸发育有中续度地区典型的滨外沙坝泻湖及沿岸坝泻湖。泻湖不仅是该海岸区域内的一个重要组成部分,同时亦是海岸带自然资源丰富的地带。然而,由于泻湖的自然演变退化,更重要的是人类活动的影响,致使泻湖生境遭到严重破坏,同时也加速了泻湖陆化消亡过程。本文以渤海西北岸泻湖为例,讨论了泻湖的自然演变及其人为陆化问题。     

山东荣成成山角至石岛海岸地貌和沉积特征

山东东部成山角至石岛海岸属基岩岬湾岸,进一步可分为侵蚀岸,侵蚀堆积岸,湾内初期夷平岸及连岛砂坝岸等4种类型。本区砂坝-泻湖体系发育良好,泻湖有海湾-泻湖,半封闭泻湖和封闭泻湖等。海岸砂坝粒度和重矿物组合受制于基岩,如南段正长岩分布区,砂体主要由中砂构成,重矿物中锆石,钛铁矿占优势。钻孔资料揭示了海湾、泻湖、砂坝以及各类泻湖沉积的垂直层序,反映了海湾封闭而成泻湖的沉积过程,以及泻湖消亡的历史。     

七里海潟湖湿地近期演变分析及生态修复研究

海岸潟湖是半封闭系统,往往被海岸沙丘、沙嘴或沙坝阻碍了淡水与海洋的流通,也是重要的栖息地,如湿地、红树林、盐沼和海草地等。在过去的30年,七里海潟湖湿地生态系统遭受了严重的干扰。文章基于1987年、2000年、2010年和2017年的遥感数据,开展了七里海潟湖湿地类型变化研究。结果表明:1987年以来,七里海潟湖湖盆和沼泽面积持续减少,主要原因是向养殖池塘和稻田转变。围堰养殖、稻田开发、渔港及防潮闸建设等导致潟湖淤积严重,湖盆面积萎缩,水质恶化。为了更好地开发和利用潟湖湿地资源,提出了生态修复工程与措施。     

中国北方沿海典型澙湖—山东月湖水深遥感反演

澙湖是中国北方重要的滨海生态系统之一,水深较浅、透明度较低、底质类型复杂、人类干扰频繁等特点导致澙湖水深资料长期缺乏或存在较大误差,极大地制约了澙湖生态系统的研究和保护。本研究在现场实测水深的基础上,使用IKONOS高分辨率卫星影像,将山东荣成月湖水域划分为浅水区、植被区和深水区三类分别进行水深反演。研究表明红光波段(Band3)对水深的敏感性最高,分区建立线性回归模型反演水深的精度高于不分区的精度,多波段组合模型的反演精度最高,植被对水深反演的精度影响较大。反演结果表明,月湖水深最深处达271.23cm,水深反演的平均相对误差为13.16%。     

Seasonal dynamics and Trophic interactions of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the Vistula Lagoon of the Baltic Sea

The trophic relationships of the phytoplankton and zooplankton in the Vistula Lagoon in 2008?C2010 were investigated. In the current period, the lagoon is an eutrophic water body with summer blooms of blue-green algae. The trophic level of the Vistula Lagoon influences both the composition and quantitative characteristics of the communities of phytoplankton and zooplankton and the trophic relationships between them. In the analyzed period, the consumption of phytoplankton by the zooplankton on the average in the growing season was 28%, which is 1.5 times higher than in the late 1970s. The high grazing pressure of the zooplankton on the phytoplankton reduces its biomass, production, and the intensity of the blooming by the blue-green algae in the Vistula Lagoon.     

The role of alkaline phosphatase in the sediments of Venice Lagoon on nutrient regeneration

Potential alkaline phosphatase activity and nutrient concentration have been determined in the seawater, interstitial water and sediments of the most polluted area in the Venice Lagoon, at 6 stations, during three cruises performed in the October/November 1982 period, when a minimum phytoplankton standing crop existed. The relationships between parameters were established by linear regression analysis.The results clearly indicate the important role of alkaline phosphatase (APA) in phosphorus regeneration. Indeed, APA appears to be a good indicator of the degree of nutrient regeneration occurring in surface sediments on a global basis.In the Venice Lagoon a significant nutrient release from the sediments to the overlying lagoon water takes place. This process appears to be at least as important as external contributions in both establishing and controlling the concentration of the nutrients in lagoon waters.     

Fish fauna recovery in a newly re-flooded Mediterranean coastal lagoon

Drana Lagoon, located at the NW site of Evros River Delta, was drained in 1987 and re-flooded in 2004 within the framework of an integrated wetland restoration project. This study presents the results of a monitoring program of the lagoon's oceanographic, water quality and fish fauna characteristics, during the pre- and post-restoration period. Results depict the presence of high salinity water (up to 41) due to seawater intrusion, strong evaporation in its interior and inadequate freshwater inflows. Overall, nutrient levels were low depicting local changes. Tidal variability at the mouth was approximately 0.2 m, producing high velocity tidal currents (up to 0.75 m/s). Eleven fish fauna species were collected; seven species were caught in both the inlet channel and the lagoon during the pre-restoration period and nine species in the post-restoration period. Atherina boyeri (37.6%) and Pomatoschistus marmoratus (31.7%) dominated the lagoon during the post-restoration period. Most of the A. boyeri specimens (88.5%) were caught inside the lagoon, while P. marmoratus had an almost equal distribution in the inlet channel and the lagoon (56.3% and 43.7% respectively). The presence of species of the Mugilidae family (5.2% total average catches after lagoon re-flooding) was mainly in the inlet channel (12.6% of the average catches) and not inside the lagoon (only 1.3% of the average catches). The small number of fish species inhabiting the lagoon might be the result of the recent restoration or it could be related with the increased water flow observed at the lagoon mouth during the flood and ebb tidal phases, and also in the presence of a smooth bank in the concrete waterspout that connects the entrance channel with the lagoon. The limited presence of the Mugilidae juveniles inside the lagoon could be related to the prevailing tidal inlet dynamics (i.e. strong ebb flow at lagoon inlet), thus preventing the species to enter the lagoon. In order to restore the lagoon environment, careful and gradual steps should be undertaken under the basis of continuous monitoring of hydrologic, environmental and fisheries system's status.     

Transport of chemical components in sea ice and under-ice water during melting in the seasonally ice-covered Saroma-ko Lagoon,Hokkaido, Japan

Physico-chemical properties in the brine and under-ice water were measured in Saroma-ko Lagoon on the northeastern coast of Hokkaido, Japan, which is connected to the Sea of Okhotsk, during the period from mid-February through mid-March 2006. The brine within brine channels of the sea ice was collected with a new sampling method examined in this study. Salinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), dissolved oxygen (DO), nutrients and oxygen isotopic ratio (δ¹⁸O) contained in the brine within brine channels of the sea ice and in the under-ice water varied largely in both time and space during the ice melt period, when discharge from Saromabetsu River located on the southeast of the lagoon increased markedly due to the onset of snow melting. The under-ice plume expands as far as 4.5 km from the river mouth at mid-March 2006, transporting chemical components supplied from the river into the lagoon. The under-ice river water was likely transported into the sea ice through well-developed brine channels in the sea ice due to upward flushing of water through brine channels occurred by loading of snowfalls deposited over the sea ice. These results suggest that the river water plume plays an important role in supplying chemical components into the sea ice, which may be a key process influencing the biogeochemical cycle in the seasonally ice-covered Saroma-ko Lagoon.     

澳大利亚依亚瓦拉澙湖的沉积和整治

依亚瓦拉半封闭澙湖是澳大利亚西南侧最著名的海岸澙湖,是全新世海侵以来残留的濒危脆弱地貌。湖面约35km2,流域面积达270km2,长期沉积速率不足1mm/a,短期沉积速率约5~6mm/a。近几十年来,由于受陆源泥沙淤积和工矿重金属污染,澙湖正处于快速退化阶段。当局采取以疏为主的多项整治措施,隔绝陆沙入湖、浚深湖底、加固湖岸、杜绝圈湖养殖、扩宽潮道,缩短了海、湖水交换的时间,目前已变成湖水清澈、鱼虾洄游的旅游圣地。该整治经验可为我国海岸澙湖研究提供借鉴。     

Effects of regional climate changes on the planktonic ecosystem and water environment in the frozen Notoro Lagoon,northern Japan

Diatom fossils from core sediments and living diatoms from water samples of Notoro Lagoon in northern Japan were examined to evaluate natural climate effects on lagoon environmental changes. In 1974, the artificial inlet was excavated. Immediately after, the anoxic bottom water in Notoro Lagoon began to disappear due to an increasing water exchange rate. However, chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the bottom water of Notoro Lagoon gradually increased, with fluctuations, during the last 30 years. In addition, the dominant diatom assemblages in Notoro Lagoon shifted to ice-related and spring bloom taxa after the excavation. The dominant taxa of each year in the sediment core were also strongly related to the timing of lagoon ice melting. This is because the COD in Notoro Lagoon was affected by the deposited volume of blooming diatoms, which was controlled by the duration of ice cover and the timing of ice discharge to the Okhotsk Sea likely due to an air pressure pattern change over the northern North Pacific like the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO).     

Fish Larvae Abundance and Distribution in the Coastal Zone off Terminos Lagoon, Campeche (Southern Gulf of Mexico)

Fish larvae abundance and distribution in the coastal zone off Terminos Lagoon and their relation to the environmental features of the Lagoon inlets were analysed (1986–87). The sampling grid consisted of 24 stations extending between 0·5 and 10 km off the Lagoon, including both Terminos Lagoon Inlets; El Carmen and Puerto Real. A total of 23 families and 43 species were identified. Highest larval abundance was registered during the rainy period (July and September) when the fluvial discharges favoured the planktonic development. The lowest larval abundance was recorded in the period of northern cold wind (January–March) when the fluvial discharges decreased. Bray-Curtis index defined two groups of stations, corresponding to each of the lagoon inlets, persisting throughout the year. The first one, ‘ El Carmen ’, was characterized by larvae of Engraulidae and Gobiidae; estuarine-dependent inhabitants. This group could be considered as a functional extension of the Lagoon to the sea. The second group, ‘ Puerto Real ’, was characterized by highest larval abundance of marine dwellers (e.g.Opisthonema oglinumandHarengula jaguana). This situation suggests that the Puerto Real Inlet could be the main entrance of marine fishes into the Lagoon. These results indicate that the coastal zone off Terminos Lagoon constitutes an important nursery area both for species spending part of their life cycle linked to this estuarine system, and for marine species that migrate towards the Lagoon, carried by local currents.